scholarly journals Welfare Attitudes over time of V4-, Northern- and Western European countries in ESS Round 4 and Round 8 data

Intersections ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ivana Piterová ◽  
Jozef Výrost
Keyword(s):  
Western Europe ◽  
European Countries ◽  
Social Solidarity ◽  
Northern Europe ◽  
Social Differentiation ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
Northern European ◽  
Welfare Attitudes ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Visegrad Group

Welfare attitudes are a complex and multidimensional phenomenon. Social solidarity in the sense of interdependence is understood as the first dimension of welfare attitudes, while differentiation – in terms of how people usually make a distinction between groups that results in their attitude about whom to support – is understood as the second dimension. According to their preferred level of social solidarity and social differentiation, four clusters of people can be identified which represent four distinct types of welfare attitudes: social democratic, liberal, conservative, and radical. The aim of this paper is to analyse ESS fourth- (2008) and eighth-round data (2016) to compare three groups of countries: the Visegrad Group, represented by Poland, the Czech Republic and Hungary; Northern Europe, represented by Norway, Sweden and Finland; and Western Europe, represented by Germany, France, and the UK, in terms of the level of social solidarity and social differentiation. Based on ESS data we outline that the differences in the welfare attitudes of V4, Western-, and Northern European countries are not so obvious. However, the analysis of the four types of welfare attitudes reveals some significant differences in interpersonal and institutional trust and basic human values, the description of which falls within the scope of this paper

scholarly journals Income and Poverty in Households in Selected European Countries

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (345) ◽  
pp. 7-25
Author(s):  
Malgorzata Teresa Ćwiek ◽  
Paweł Ulman
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Czech Republic ◽  
Income Distribution ◽  
Social Inclusion ◽  
Western Europe ◽  
European Countries ◽  
Income Poverty ◽  
The European Union ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
Visegrad Group

Incomes of population and poverty are key elements of the EU cohesion policy which aims at reducing disparities between the levels of development of individual regions. The traditionally appropriate study to evaluate the convergence of the Member States is the European Union Statistics on Income and Living Conditions (EU‑SILC). However, this is not the only source of information on income distribution and social inclusion in the European Union. In this article, the basis for calculations are the results of the fourth European Quality of Life Surveys (EQLS), whose purpose is to measure both objective and subjective indicators of the standard of living of citizens and their households. The aim of the paper is to assess the diversity of distributions of household incomes and the level of income poverty due to the selected socio‑demographic characteristics of the respondent or household in selected European countries in two periods: 2007 and 2016. Countries of the Visegrad Group (Poland, the Czech Republic, Slovakia and Hungary) were selected for the analysis, along with the Weimar Triangle (Poland, Germany, and France). Such a selection allowed us to compare the financial situation of households in Western Europe with those in Central and Eastern Europe. Poland becomes a natural link between all these countries. The article uses modelling methods of income distribution, indicators of distance (overlapping) of distributions and aggregate indicators of the scope, depth and severity of poverty. Those ratios were determined on the basis of the use of relative. In order to ensure comparability of incomes of households with different demographic compositions, the analysis used equivalent incomes. As a result of the preliminary analysis, differences were noted regarding the measured position, variation and asymmetry of equivalent incomes in the studied households. The applied gap measurements showed a significant disparity between the distributions of income in Western European countries (Germany, France) and the countries of the Visegrad Group, but the size of that differentation de creased significantly in 2016 relative to 2007. Important differentiation was also noted in terms of income poverty risk within the Visegrad Group: the highest proportion of households at risk of poverty exists in Poland and the lowest in the Czech Republic.

Implications of Ionospheric Scintillation for GNSS Users in Northern Europe

2005 ◽  
Vol 58 (2) ◽  
pp. 241-256 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcio Aquino ◽  
Terry Moore ◽  
Alan Dodson ◽  
Sam Waugh ◽  
Jock Souter ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Northern Europe ◽  
Ionospheric Scintillation ◽  
Electron Content ◽  
Total Electron ◽  
Northern European ◽  
Amplitude Fluctuations ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Time Delay Effect ◽  
Electron Density Irregularities ◽  
The Impact

Extensive ionospheric scintillation and Total Electron Content (TEC) data were collected by the Institute of Engineering Surveying and Space Geodesy (IESSG) in Northern Europe during years of great impact of the solar maximum on GNSS users (2001–2003). The ionospheric TEC is responsible for range errors due to its time delay effect on transionospheric signals. Electron density irregularities in the ionosphere, occurring frequently during these years, are responsible for (phase and amplitude) fluctuations on GNSS signals, known as ionospheric scintillation. Since June 2001 four GPS Ionospheric Scintillation and TEC Monitor receivers (the NovAtel/AJ Systems GSV4004) have been deployed at stations in the UK and Norway, forming a Northern European network, covering geographic latitudes from 53° to 70° N approximately. These receivers compute and record GPS phase and amplitude scintillation parameters, as well as TEC and TEC variations. The project involved setting up the network and developing automated archiving and data analysis strategies, aiming to study the impact of scintillation on DGPS and EGNOS users, and on different GPS receiver technologies. In order to characterise scintillation and TEC variations over Northern Europe, as well as investigate correlation with geomagnetic activity, long-term statistical analyses were also produced. This paper summarises our findings, providing an overview of the potential implications of ionospheric scintillation for the GNSS user in Northern Europe.

scholarly journals SMALL FARMS IN THE AREA STRUCTURE OF AGRICULTURAL HOLDINGS OF THE EUROPEAN UNION COUNTRIES

2020 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 61-70
Author(s):  
Jacek Strojny
Keyword(s):  
Western Europe ◽  
European Countries ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Small Farm ◽  
Objective Criterion ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
Eu Countries ◽  
The North ◽  
Southern European Countries ◽  
Agrarian Structure

In spite of the evolution of the agrarian structure in EU countries (particularly in Western Europe) the problem of small agricultural holdings is still relevant, as this form of farming remains functional. The term ‘small farm’ has an ambiguous character. Thus, the study is based on relatively the most objective criterion for identification of small holdings – farms covering areas below 5 ha. The study employs the statistical method of vector elimination, which enables separation of subgroups with similar, homogeneous agrarian structures from among the studied set. The typology of the agrarian structure by means of the taxonomic technique demonstrates how diverse EU countries are with regard to their small agricultural holdings: Southern European countries, some Central European countries, and other states lying in the north of Europe. Additionally, the structure of small agricultural holdings is distinct in Denmark and in the Czech Republic.

scholarly journals The Attractiveness of Selected Central European Countries for Winter Sports and Mountain Hiking

Turyzm ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
pp. 35-40
Author(s):  
Kinga Krzesiwo ◽  
Kamila Ziółkowska-Weiss ◽  
Michał Żemła
Keyword(s):  
Czech Republic ◽  
Mass Scale ◽  
European Countries ◽  
Mountainous Areas ◽  
Winter Sports ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
Central European ◽  
Downhill Skiing ◽  
Visegrad Group

Abstract Hiking, downhill skiing and snowboarding are among the most popular forms of active tourism in mountainous areas. Their popularity and their mass scale do not only result from the presence of the appropriate landscape, but also from its appropriate development. The objective of the article is to attempt to assess the attractiveness of selected Central European countries in terms of winter sports and mountain hiking, to consider the opinions of students who live in Visegrad Group countries, as well as to evaluate the barriers to development of their competitive offers. According to respondents, the most attractive countries for winter sports are Austria and Slovakia, and the least attractive are Hungary, Romania and Lithuania. In turn, according to the students, the best conditions for mountain hiking are in Slovakia, Austria, the Czech Republic and Poland. In addition, respondents from particular countries assessed domestic offers highly.

Examining Phenotypic Traits Contributing to the Spread in Northern European Potato Crops of EU_41_A2, a New Clonal Lineage of Phytophthora infestans

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Britt Puidet ◽  
Romain Mabon ◽  
Michele Guibert ◽  
Riinu Kiiker ◽  
Liina Soonvald ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Phytophthora Infestans ◽  
Western Europe ◽  
Northern Europe ◽  
Phenotypic Traits ◽  
Clonal Lineage ◽  
Phenotypic Data ◽  
Northern European ◽  
New Genotype ◽  
Successful Establishment ◽  
Potato Crops

Until recently, genotypes of Phytophthora infestans were regionally distributed in Europe, with populations in western Europe being dominated by clonal lineages and those in northern Europe being genetically diverse due to frequent sexual reproduction. However, since 2013, a new clonal lineage (EU_41_A2) has successfully established itself and expanded in the sexually recombining P. infestans populations of northern Europe. The objective of this study was to study phenotypic traits of the new clonal lineage of P. infestans, which may explain its successful establishment and expansion within sexually recombining populations. Fungicide sensitivity, aggressiveness and virulence profiles of isolates of EU_41_A2 were analyzed and compared to those of the local sexual populations from Denmark, Norway, and Estonia. None of the phenotypic data obtained from the isolates collected from Denmark, Estonia and Norway independently explained the invasive success of EU_41_A2 within sexual Nordic populations. Therefore, we hypothesize that the expansion of this new genotype could result from a combination of fitness traits and more favorable environmental conditions that have emerged due to climate change.

scholarly journals Rules, Norms and Practices – A Comparative Study Exploring Disposal Practices and Facilities in Northern Europe

2021 ◽  
pp. 003022282110421
Author(s):  
Helena Nordh ◽  
Danielle House ◽  
Mariske Westendorp ◽  
Avril Maddrell ◽  
Carola Wingren ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Study ◽  
Significant Variation ◽  
Comparative Data ◽  
European Countries ◽  
Northern Europe ◽  
Minority Communities ◽  
Unequal Treatment ◽  
Northern European ◽  
Management Regimes

We identify and analyse practices and management regimes around burial and handling of ashes across eight case study towns within six Northern European countries. We analyse management of cemeteries and crematoria gardens, majority practices and provision for minority communities, including various burial types, cremated remains, the re-use of graves, and costs for interments. Comparative data is drawn from analysis of national and local regulations, interviews with stakeholders, and observations at cemeteries and crematoria gardens. The findings show significant variation in national and local regulations and practices for burial and cremation particularly around the re-use of graves, handling of ashes and costs for grave space and cremation. We identify the opportunities and constraints of these variations in terms of accessibility, diversity and equality; and argue for national directions to avoid unequal treatment within nations. Furthermore, we stress the importance of a liberal and inclusive management of European cemeteries and crematoria gardens.

Eastern EU members hedge bets after Brexit vote

2016 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Member States ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Eu Member States ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
Key Factor ◽  
Migration Crisis ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Visegrad Group ◽  
The Eu

Subject Reactions to Brexit among eastern EU member states. Significance Leaders of the Visegrad Group (V4) of the Czech Republic, Hungary, Poland and Slovakia have called for a major institutional overhaul of the EU following the UK vote to leave the EU ('Brexit'). They singled out the EU's handling of the migration crisis as a key factor behind the 'Leave' victory in the UK referendum, and rejected calls from Brussels and several member states for closer integration, instead demanding that powers be repatriated to national capitals to restore citizens' trust and make the EU more democratically accountable. Impacts The V4 will seek to mend relations with Berlin, in the relatively favourable political constellation in Germany before the 2017 elections. V4 governments will aim to hold 'mini-lateral' consultations with the United Kingdom on the terms of its planned exit from the EU. Brexit will dominate Slovakia's EU presidency, with V4 coordinating their responses to help limit the negative fallout for the region.

scholarly journals Meal patterns across ten European countries – results from the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC) calibration study

2016 ◽  
Vol 19 (15) ◽  
pp. 2769-2780 ◽  
Author(s):  
E Huseinovic ◽  
A Winkvist ◽  
N Slimani ◽  
MK Park ◽  
H Freisling ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Intake ◽  
European Countries ◽  
Northern Europe ◽  
Daily Energy Intake ◽  
Meal Patterns ◽  
Northern European ◽  
Mediterranean Countries ◽  
Daily Energy ◽  
Calibration Study ◽  
Prospective Investigation

AbstractObjectiveTo characterize meal patterns across ten European countries participating in the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC) calibration study.DesignCross-sectional study utilizing dietary data collected through a standardized 24 h diet recall during 1995–2000. Eleven predefined intake occasions across a 24 h period were assessed during the interview. In the present descriptive report, meal patterns were analysed in terms of daily number of intake occasions, the proportion reporting each intake occasion and the energy contributions from each intake occasion.SettingTwenty-seven centres across ten European countries.SubjectsWomen (64 %) and men (36 %) aged 35–74 years (n 36 020).ResultsPronounced differences in meal patterns emerged both across centres within the same country and across different countries, with a trend for fewer intake occasions per day in Mediterranean countries compared with central and northern Europe. Differences were also found for daily energy intake provided by lunch, with 38–43 % for women and 41–45 % for men within Mediterranean countries compared with 16–27 % for women and 20–26 % for men in central and northern European countries. Likewise, a south–north gradient was found for daily energy intake from snacks, with 13–20 % (women) and 10–17 % (men) in Mediterranean countries compared with 24–34 % (women) and 23–35 % (men) in central/northern Europe.ConclusionsWe found distinct differences in meal patterns with marked diversity for intake frequency and lunch and snack consumption between Mediterranean and central/northern European countries. Monitoring of meal patterns across various cultures and populations could provide critical context to the research efforts to characterize relationships between dietary intake and health.

scholarly journals Years in Cultural Studies: 2013

Lateral ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Karel Šima ◽  
Ondřej Daniel ◽  
Tomáš Kavka
Keyword(s):  
Popular Culture ◽  
Czech Republic ◽  
Cultural Studies ◽  
European Countries ◽  
Communist Regime ◽  
Eastern European ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
American Tradition ◽  
Anglo American ◽  
The Uk

n Eastern Europe, which is the focus of our study, different national scholarly traditions assigned their own place to the study of culture. Although the influence of the kulturologia (“culturology”) schools installed at Russian universities in the 1980s radiated out into Eastern European countries, local academic communities dictated the approach to the study of popular culture. While the Polish field of kulturoznawstwo was propelled by internal forces from the early 1970s onwards, in Czechoslovakia, kulturologie emerged as a new discipline around the fall of the Communist regime. Even so, it failed to take off and by 2012 had vanished completely from the Czech Republic. Central European countries were also affected by the German academic tradition of Kulturwissenschaften with its emphasis on philosophy and aesthetics. Our inquiry highlights the first international conference on cultural studies in the Czech Republic in 2013. It was during this event that a group of new postdocs from Charles University, including ourselves, raised the topic of changes in Eastern European popular culture due to the political transformation in 1989. This group had also arranged for Ann Gray, the final director of the UK Centre for Contemporary Cultural Studies (CCCS) to give a keynote address at the conference, a gesture that clearly linked the CCCS with the group’s own Centre for the Study of Popular Culture (CSPK) established three years earlier. From the outset, CSPK’s organizers aimed to promote the Anglo-American tradition of cultural studies both in the academy and among the general public. At the same time, they sought to retain their independence from academic structures and funding systems that might restrict their political activism.

scholarly journals Soy product consumption in 10 European countries: the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC) study

2002 ◽  
Vol 5 (6b) ◽  
pp. 1217-1226 ◽  
Author(s):  
L Keinan-Boker ◽  
PHM Peeters ◽  
AA Mulligan ◽  
C Navarro ◽  
N Slimani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Western Europe ◽  
European Countries ◽  
Nutritional Factors ◽  
Dietary Recall ◽  
Product Consumption ◽  
Adjusted Means ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Study Participants ◽  
Prospective Investigation

AbstractObjective:The aim of this study was to describe the variation of soy product intake in 10 European countries by using a standardised reference dietary method. A subsidiary aim was to characterise the pattern of soy consumption among a sub-group of participants with a habitual health-conscious lifestyle (HHL), i.e. non-meat eaters who are fish eaters, vegetarians and vegans.Design:A 24-hour dietary recall interview (24-HDR) was conducted among a sample (5–12%) of all cohorts (n = 36 900) in the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC). Study participants totalled 35 955 after exclusion of subjects younger than 35 or older than 74 years of age. Soy products were subdivided into seven sub-groups by similarity. Distribution of consumption and crude and adjusted means of intake were computed per soy product group across countries. Intake of soy products was also investigated among participants with an HHL.Results:In total, 195 men and 486 women reported consuming soy products in the 24-HDR interview. Although soy product intake was generally low across all countries, the highest intake level was observed in the UK, due to over-sampling of a large number of participants with an HHL. The most frequently consumed soy foods were dairy substitutes in the UK and France and beans and sprouts among mid-European countries. For both genders, the sub-group of soy dairy substitutes was consumed in the highest quantities (1.2 g day−1 for men; 1.9 g day−1 for women). Participants with an HHL differed substantially from others with regard to demographic, anthropometric and nutritional factors. They consumed higher quantities of almost all soy product groups.Conclusions:Consumption of soy products is low in centres in Western Europe. Soy dairy substitutes are most frequently consumed. Participants with an HHL form a distinct sub-group with higher consumptions of fruit, vegetables, legumes, cereals and soy products compared with the other participants.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document