scholarly journals Changing Trends in Financing of Higher Education: A Critical Review

2016 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mitali Chinara ◽  
Himanshu Sekhar Rout
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Developing Countries ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Font Size ◽  
Global Knowledge ◽  
Public Investments ◽  
Innovative Methods ◽  
Changing Trends ◽  
The Developed Countries ◽  
Financing Higher Education

<p align="LEFT"> </p><p><em><span style="font-size: medium;">Education in general and higher education in particular has significant favourable influence on economic development, which calls forth investment in the sector by individuals, households and nation as a whole. However, over the years, many developing countries have showed apathy towards development of higher education. They have reduced public investments in higher education, allowed laissez-faireism, and even adopted policies towards marketisation of higher education. To the extent that the markets in developing countries are ‘incomplete’ and ‘imperfect’, the outcomes are also far from perfect. However, to compete in a global knowledge economy and to traverse along the growth path achieved by the developed countries, the developing countries like India have to accord top priority to higher education. To achieve the 12</span><span style="font-size: xx-small;">th </span><span style="font-size: medium;">Plan targets of 25.2 percent of GER by 2017 and / or to reach the global target of investing 6 percent of GDP in education, India needs to explore the innovative methods of financing of the sector. In this context, this review paper traces the changing trends of financing higher education across the globe over the years and the entry of private sector into the arena. </span></em></p>

scholarly journals The Future of South African Research Universities

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joseph Stetar
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Developing Countries ◽  
Education Policy ◽  
South African ◽  
Research Universities ◽  
Higher Education Policy ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Knowledge Network ◽  
Global Knowledge ◽  
The Relationship

In recent decades a widely discussed aspect of higher education policy has been the relationship between universities at the center and those at the periphery—that is, between universities of the highly developed countries and those of developing countries. The debate has focused on the universities in developing countries and their disadvantage in the highly sophisticated, rapidly changing international or global knowledge network. The case of South Africa’s research universities illustrates the dilemmas.

Convergence Analysis of Households' Consumption Expenditure

2016 ◽  
pp. 1-28
Author(s):  
Ramesh Chandra Das ◽  
Amaresh Das ◽  
Frank Martin
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Cross Section ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Consumption Expenditure ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Public Investments ◽  
The World ◽  
Private And Public ◽  
The Developed Countries ◽  
The Given

Households' consumption expenditure becomes an important determinant of GDP of a country, particularly when the economy is struck by depression with low levels of private and public investments. So maintaining growth of this head of expenditure over time becomes the crucial agenda of the policy makers all over the world. The present chapter tries to analyze whether the developing countries' levels of households' consumption expenditure are converging to the ones in the developed countries during 1980-2013 in the sample of 40 countries. The study reveals that there is no significant absolute ß and s convergence among either in the cross section or in pooling of the data during the given period. But population growth factor is making the countries converge significantly in conditional sense. By separating the entire data we observe that, for the entire period, the developed countries are significantly converging in absolute sense while the developing countries are not, although there are mixed results in s convergence.

International Economic Assistance in the 1970's — A Critique of Partners in Development (Review Article)

1970 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 469-490
Author(s):  
Nurul Islam
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Foreign Aid ◽  
International Aid ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Armed Conflicts ◽  
Economic Assistance ◽  
Self Help ◽  
Service Charge ◽  
The Developed Countries ◽  
Defence Expenditure

Foreign economic aid is at the cross-roads. There is an atmosphere of gloom and disenchantment surrounding international aid in both the developed and developing countries — more so in the former than in the latter. Doubts have grown in the developed countries, especially among the conservatives in these countries, as to the effectiveness of aid in promoting economic development, the wastes and inefficiency involved in the use of aid, the adequacy of self-help on the part of the recipient countries in husbanding and mobilising their own resources for development and the dangers of getting involved, through ex¬tensive foreign-aid operations, in military or diplomatic conflicts. The waning of confidence on the part of the donors in the rationale of foreign aid has been accentuated by an increasing concern with their domestic problems as well as by the occurrence of armed conflicts among the poor, aid-recipient countries strengthened by substantial defence expenditure that diverts resources away from development. The disenchantment on the part of the recipient countries is, on the other hand, associated with the inadequacy of aid, the stop-go nature of its flow in many cases, and the intrusion of noneconomic considerations governing the allocation of aid amongst the recipient countries. There is a reaction in the developing countries against the dependence, political and eco¬nomic, which heavy reliance on foreign aid generates. The threat of the in¬creasing burden of debt-service charge haunts the developing world and brings them back to the donors for renewed assistance and/or debt rescheduling.

A Decade of the World Trade Organization and the Trade Performance of Muslim Countries

2010 ◽  
Vol 27 (4) ◽  
pp. 23-44
Author(s):  
Ruzita Mohd. Amin
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
World Trade Organization ◽  
World Trade ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Playing Field ◽  
Muslim Countries ◽  
The World ◽  
The Developed Countries ◽  
Merchandise Trade ◽  
Wto Agreements

The World Trade Organization (WTO), established on 1 January 1995 as a successor to the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT), has played an important role in promoting global free trade. The implementation of its agreements, however, has not been smooth and easy. In fact this has been particularly difficult for developing countries, since they are expected to be on a level playing field with the developed countries. After more than a decade of existence, it is worth looking at the WTO’s impact on developing countries, particularly Muslim countries. This paper focuses mainly on the performance of merchandise trade of Muslim countries after they joined the WTO. I first analyze their participation in world merchandise trade and highlight their trade characteristics in general. This is then followed by a short discussion on the implications of WTO agreements on Muslim countries and some recommendations on how to face this challenge.

scholarly journals Taxing impact of terrorism on global economic openness of developed and developing countries

2018 ◽  
Vol 68 (3) ◽  
pp. 311-335
Author(s):  
Abubakr Saeed ◽  
Yuhua Ding ◽  
Shawkat Hammoudeh ◽  
Ishtiaq Ahmad
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Terrorist Attacks ◽  
Economic Openness ◽  
Significant Negative Impact ◽  
Military Expenditures ◽  
The Developed Countries ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship

This study examines the relationship between terrorism and economic openness that takes into account both the number and intensity of terrorist incidents and the impact of government military expenditures on trade-GDP and foreign direct investment-GDP ratios for both developed and developing countries. It uses the dynamic GMM method to account for endogeneity in the variables. Deaths caused by terrorism have a significant negative impact on FDI flows, and the number of terrorist attacks is also found to be significant in hampering the countries’ ability to trade with other nations. The study also demonstrates that the developing countries exhibit almost similar results to our main analysis. The developed countries exhibit a negative impact of terrorism, but the regression results are not significant.

scholarly journals The strategies for Russian higher education regionalization and internationalization

2021 ◽  
Vol 94 ◽  
pp. 02013
Author(s):  
Elena Vasileva ◽  
Tatiana Zerchaninova
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Case Studies ◽  
Scientific Literature ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
State Policies ◽  
Russian Higher Education ◽  
Virtual Mobility ◽  
The Developed Countries ◽  
Russian Education ◽  
Comprehensive Study

Today the education internationalization has become one of the economy sectors in the developed countries; the export potential of Russian education is still largely underutilized. Until now, domestic and foreign scientific literature lacks a comprehensive study of state policies pursued by national states to develop the internationalization and/or regionalization. The study of internationalization policies tends to focus on in-depth case studies across two to three countries. However, studies with a narrow geographic scope, although they provide valuable information about this phenomenon, do not allow us to see a holistic picture. The article attempted to overcome the indicated gaps in scientific research by analyzing the strategies of higher education regionalization and internationalization at countries that occupy a large market share and formulate recommendations for Russia. The article argued that in the context of the Covid-19 pandemic, the priority area for the internationalization is the development of virtual mobility and internal internationalization and regionalization.

scholarly journals Research and Publication from Developing Countries

2020 ◽  
Vol 42 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohan R Sharma
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Burden Of Disease ◽  
Disease Burden ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Publishing Research ◽  
Economic Factors ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
High Burden ◽  
Middle Income Countries ◽  
The Developed Countries

In 2002, Richard Smith wrote an editorial, “publishing research from developing countries” in the Journal “Statistics in Medicine” highlighting the importance of research and publication from the developing countries (DCs).1 In that article, he mentioned the disparity in research and publication between the developed and developing countries. Almost two decades on, the problem still largely remains the same. It is estimated that more than 80% of the world’s population lives in more than 100 developing countries.2 In terms of disease burden, the prevalence and mortality from diseases in the low and middle-income countries are disproportionately high compared to developed countries.3 Although there is a high burden of disease, we base our treatment inferring results from research and publication from the developed countries which may not be fully generalizable due to geographical cultural, racial, and economic factors. This is where the problem lies.

scholarly journals DESARROLLO DE COMPETENCIAS PARA LA INVESTIGACIÓN EN ESTUDIANTES DE EDUCACIÓN SUPERIOR: UNA EXPERIENCIA EN MÉXICO

2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 43 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jorge Hernández Contreras ◽  
Antonio Ponce Rojo ◽  
Pedro Moreno Badajós ◽  
Adriana Castañeda Barajas
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Developing Countries ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Educación Superior ◽  
Educacion Superior ◽  
Recursos Humanos ◽  
Development Of Competencies ◽  
The Moment ◽  
Keywords Education ◽  
The University

El desarrollo  de competencias para la investigación en estudiantes de Educación Superior es una tarea ardua. Sin embargo, la formación de recursos humanos en investigación debe ser una de las tareas permanentes de las Universidades, esto debido a que posibilita a los países en desarrollo el poder acceder a mejores niveles de bienestar social en materia de crecimiento económico, producción de ciencia, tecnología y mejora de la calidad educativa. El presente reporte muestra los resultados del esfuerzo de los últimos 12 años del Centro Universitario de los Lagos de la Universidad de Guadalajara, quien tiene como eje fundamental la investigación y como parte inherente el desarrollo de competencias en investigación en estudiantes universitarios. Esperando que dichos recursos humanos que han sido formados en la investigación en un mediano y/o largo plazo vengan a incrementar, enriquecer y realizar el relevo generacional de los investigadores en la región centro occidente de México. PALABRAS CLAVE: Competencias; Investigación; Incorporación Temprana; Universidad. DEVELOPMENT OF COMPETENCIES FOR RESEARCH IN HIGHER EDUCATION STUDENTS: AN EXPERIENCE IN MEXICO ABSTRACT The formation of human resources in research is an arduous task for Public Universities, especially in developing countries, must become a fundamental axis in reaching higher levels of social welfare in the matter of economic growth, production of science and technology and improvement of quality of education. At the moment a great disparity exists where developed countries, are “the unique” producers of knowledge and the developing countries are only consumers. In this work, we present the results of the effort of the last 12 years in the University of Guadalajara at Lagos de Moreno, which its fundamental axis is the scientific research. Like inherent part of the formation of university students, they will increase, enrich and to became in to the generational relief of the researchers in Jalisco state and perhaps of the Mexican Republic. KEYWORDS: Education; Investigation; Educational Resources; Higher Education.

INNOVATIONS IN POLICY OF TEACHING AT THE UNIVERSITIES IN THE CONTEXT OF ACADEMIC REVOLUTIONS

2020 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
University Education ◽  
University Teaching ◽  
The European Union ◽  
The Third ◽  
Educational Processes ◽  
The Usa ◽  
The Developed Countries

Categories of the academic revolutions and innovations in a perspective of educational policy at the higher school are considered. Special attention is paid to the development of innovations in training at the foreign and Ukrainian universities, since X1X of a century up to now. It is noted that agricultural, industrial, global, demographic and other revolutions created basis for the academic revolutions which resulted from transformations of society and caused innovations in higher education systems. The contribution of the academic revolutions in strengthening of role of the universities in society is confirmed. The major innovations in training stimulated university teaching throughout all academic revolutionary periods (after 1867, 1945, 1983) in developed industrial and developing countries, such as the USA, some states of the European Union and Ukraine. Emergence of innovations in policy of teaching at the universities during the first academic revolution, their modification during the second one, and new turns in transformation of innovations during the third academic revolution is investigated. Introduction of innovations in teaching differed in intensity and scale during the academic revolutions. On examples of teaching it is shown how political and ideological processes in society influenced functioning of the universities. An attempt to compare educational processes during three revolutions and to reveal the most innovational period was made. It is proved that innovations in training were implanted in three academic revolutions, the third one turned out to be the most innovative. The major innovations in policy of teaching were connected with the development of scientific and technical knowledge that contributed to the emergence of the information society. The developed countries offered the introduction of policy of cooperation in the higher education that made impact on innovations in university education. The Coronavirus pandemic of 2019/20 demonstrated the need to use various forms of Internet communications (Zoom, Google Classroom, Moodle, Whereby, etc.) to switch to new opportunities to teach students in higher education institutions around the world at the beginning of the XXI century.

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