scholarly journals State-wise Assessment of Banking Frauds in India: A Study of Trends in 21st Century

2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (02) ◽  
Author(s):  
Anju Rohilla

Fraud costs an arm and a leg to a bank. The bank has to face reputational, monetary loss as well as loss of customer faith. Increasing number of bank frauds arouses the interest of research to examine the current picture of the banking frauds prevailing in the states of Indian Economy. The study is extended over a period of 10 years i.e. from 2007-2016.The analysis has been done to show the trend of frauds in the 21st century. RTI is used as the primary sources of data collection and Lok Sabha starred and unstarred questions are used as secondary sources of data. The methodologies adopted for analysing the trend consists of descriptive statistics and the graphical presentation. The finding of the study shows an increasing trend in the number and amount of banking frauds in the states of India. If we go by the number and amount, Maharashtra is the most affected state of the economy but if we talk about average amount involved in fraud, Chandigarh and West Bengal fall among the most affected states of India. The study signifies the importance of strengthening the mechanism of preventing banking fraud. The government of India and RBI are recommended to frame the judicial policies for curbing the banking frauds as slow and weak judicial procedures/ prosecution provide a platform to fraudsters and delay in fraud detection provides an escape route.

2009 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 515-540 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Becker ◽  
C. J. Halsall ◽  
W. Tych ◽  
R. Kallenborn ◽  
M. Schlabach ◽  
...  

Abstract. An extensive database of organochlorine (OC) pesticide concentrations measured at the Norwegian Arctic Monitoring Station was analysed to assess longer-term trends in the Arctic atmosphere. Dynamic Harmonic Regression (DHR) is employed to investigate the seasonal and cyclical behaviour of chlordanes, DDTs and hexachlorobenzene (HCB), and to isolate underlying inter-annual trends. Although a simple comparison of annual mean concentrations (1994–2005) suggest a decline for all of the OCs investigated, the longer-term trends identified by DHR only show a significant decline for p,p'-DDT. Indeed, HCB shows an increase from 2003–2005. This is thought to be due to changes in source types and the presence of impurities in current use pesticides, together with retreating sea ice affecting air-water exchange. Changes in source types were revealed by using isomeric ratios for the chlordanes and DDTs. Declining trends in ratios of trans-chlordane/cis-chlordane (TC/CC) indicate a shift from primary sources, to more ''weathered'' secondary sources, whereas an increasing trend in o,p'-DDT/p,p'-DDT ratios indicate a shift from use of technical DDT to dicofol. Continued monitoring of these OC pesticides is required to fully understand the influence of a changing climate on the behaviour and environmental cycling of these chemicals in the Arctic as well as possible impacts from ''new'' sources.


2012 ◽  
Vol 12 (9) ◽  
pp. 4033-4044 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Becker ◽  
C. J. Halsall ◽  
W. Tych ◽  
R. Kallenborn ◽  
M. Schlabach ◽  
...  

Abstract. An extensive database of organochlorine (OC) pesticide concentrations measured at the Norwegian Arctic monitoring station at Ny-Ålesund, Svalbard, was analysed to assess longer-term trends in the Arctic atmosphere. Dynamic Harmonic Regression (DHR) is employed to investigate the seasonal and cyclical behaviour of chlordanes, DDTs and hexachlorobenzene (HCB), and to isolate underlying inter-annual trends. Although a simple comparison of annual mean concentrations (1994–2005) suggest a decline for all of the OCs investigated, the longer-term trends identified by DHR only show a significant decline for p,p'-DDT. Indeed, HCB shows an increase from 2003–2005. This is thought to be due to changes in source types and the presence of impurities in current use pesticides, together with retreating sea ice affecting air-water exchange. Changes in source types were revealed by using isomeric ratios for the chlordanes and DDTs. Declining trends in ratios of trans-chlordane/cis-chlordane (TC/CC) indicate a shift from primary sources, to more "weathered" secondary sources, whereas an increasing trend in o,p'-DDT/p,p'-DDT ratios indicate a shift from use of technical DDT to dicofol. Continued monitoring of these OC pesticides is required to fully understand the influence of a changing climate on the behaviour and environmental cycling of these chemicals in the Arctic as well as possible impacts from "new" sources.


2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 73
Author(s):  
Eze-Michael Ezedikachi. N

Sectarian crisis has been said to have erupted from groups with different ideological values and perspectives and had resulted into conflicts and brought about sectarian crisis especially in the northern Nigeria. The study examined the various causes of sectarian crisis in northern Nigeria, which included religious fundamentalism, religious extremism, and political manipulations. The study examined the effect of sectarian crisis in northern Nigeria with Kaduna state used for the case study. It was structurally analyzed with the use of quantitative method due to the nature of the research. The study developed fifteen (15) research questions, which were administered to 2 local government areas in Kaduna state namely Jema’a and Zagon kataf. Both primary and secondary data were used as sources of data. For primary sources data was gotten from the field work where research questionnaires were distributed and, for the secondary sources, data was gotten from journals, articles, published and unpublished books, libraries, works from the existing literature related to this study as well as from the internet. While the simple percentage technique was used in organizing and presenting the data collected. The data analysis revealed that sectarian crisis created ethnic differences and socio-economic problems. The study recommended that for sectarian crisis to be prevented, an elaborate process of depoliticizing ethnic groups must be put in place. The government also should take measures to shutdown religious group crisis by promoting peace and unity in the society. By this northern Nigeria will experience peace, oneness, good security and national Unity.


2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 35-44
Author(s):  
Sulistyo Anjarwati ◽  
Rochmat Rochmat

This article discusses how parents' perceptions of students when responding to the zoning system in the New Student Reception System (PPDB), especially in the City of Blitar. This research is based on qualitative data obtained from the field (field research), both from primary sources: interviews and observations, as well as other secondary sources: studies on the development of PPDB studies that occur in Indonesia, both from print or electronic media. The results showed that parents of students still felt that the zoning system in PPDB did not provide free space in accessing education as desired. The government has changed the old pattern of society into a new, more complex arrangement in terms of educational facilities. In addition to having effectiveness in changing people's perceptions of the differences between favorite and non-favorite schools, this system is conceptually good, but it is not yet effective enough to equalize the quality of education, so there is still a need for deep integrative studies, strategic efforts between educational institutions and relevant agencies. This step can be done through optimizing the socialization of the PPDB zoning system to the community that promotes openness and is in favor of the people's aspirations.


ESOTERIK ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 259
Author(s):  
Mohammad Fathoni

Sufistic jurisprudence is a religious style that is not biased, meaning that seeing worship both physically and mentally is equally important. Al Ghazali is considered a cleric who is very instrumental in the development of Sufistic jurisprudence in the Islamic world, and his thoughts have been brought by the spreaders of Islam to the archipelago. KHR. Asnawi ulama from Kudus can also be called one of the scholars who followed in the footsteps of the Hujjatul Islam in conducting a study of Sufistic jurisprudence. Sufistic jurisprudence is a way that can be used to build moderate ways of thinking, so that generations of milinarians are not trapped in instant ways of thinking without holistic reflection. This study uses primary sources of Kitab Fashalatan KHR. Asnawi, while secondary sources are the Sufi books of the Salaf and Khalaf scholars. In the book of Fashalatan it is seen that the book that discusses this prayer contains the values of Sufism that can lead us to face problems in the 21st century.


2012 ◽  
Vol 39 (2-3) ◽  
pp. 185-242 ◽  
Author(s):  
Otto Zwartjes

Summary There is no need to repeat earlier complaints that the historiography of missionary linguistics was being neglected, since the situation has changed considerably sine the last decades of the past century. The first decade of the 21st century in particular has witnessed a veritable explosion of research activities. This article surveys the state of the art in the field of recent work in the historiographical subfield called ‘Missionary linguistics’, covering the period 2002–2012. It represents an update of Zimmermann (2004) and provides separate sections devoted to earlier studies of missionary linguistics, international conferences, published volumes, journals, reprints and editions of primary sources, exhibitions and other activities related to the subject. The reference list is divided in two sections, (1) primary sources, with some 140 entries, and (2) secondary sources, including more than 300 titles. It is hoped that this account will suggest several additional research topics and inspire scholars to make further advances in this fascinating field of research.


2022 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-23
Author(s):  
Abdi Aden Ismail ◽  
Newton Kahumbi Maina ◽  
Margaret Gecaga

Terrorism is no doubt a global problem of the 21st century and as evidenced by the continued terror attacks, the menace is causing major global security distress. In Kenya terrorism has among other things considerably affected the Muslim-Christian relations in the country. Despite vast literature on terrorism and interreligious relations, there are limited research on the influence of terrorism on Muslim-Christian relations in Garissa County, Kenya hence this study. The general objective of this study was to examine the influence of terrorism on Muslim-Christian relations in Garissa County, Kenya. The study employed both descriptive and explanatory design. The target population of the study was 199,469 from Garissa County from which a sample of 384 respondents were obtained through purposive sampling. Data was collected from primary sources using; questionnaires, interview guide and focus group discussions as well as secondary sources, through literature review. The findings revealed that, terrorist selective attacks of Christians and the use Islamic concept of jihad during attacks have created suspicion and mistrust among the Muslims and Christians in the area. The study concludes that unless the misunderstanding of the concept of Jihad is demystified, the Muslims-Christians relations will significantly be affected as the terrorist will continue propagating their attacks as an Islamic concept of jihad. The study recommends that Muslim leaders needs to demystify the concept of Jihad in order to restore Muslim-Christian relations. Also, the Government security agencies and civil society, Muslim leaders, and Christians should continually organize awareness campaigns in the region to create alertness about the terrorist’s schemes.


2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (18) ◽  
pp. 89-97
Author(s):  
Mohd Helmi Mat Zin ◽  
Nazli Ismail Nawang ◽  
Noraida Harun

The investigation is a pre-requisite process for any prosecution proceedings. However, the requirement of preparing an Investigation Paper (IP) is entirely new in the Malaysian Land Administration as it has only become mandatory with the coming into force of the National Land Code (Amendment) 2008 in January 2009. Prior to that, a Land Administrator can compound an offender under the National Land Code 1965 (NLC) without an IP. With the coming into operation of sections 429A and 429B of the NLC, a Land Administrator is now required to get written consent from Public Prosecutor before prosecuting or compounding an offender. Consequently, many Land Administrators have faced difficulty in offering compound or instituting prosecution proceeding due to their lack of expertise in conducting a criminal investigation and preparing IP. In relation thereof, this paper aims to discuss the importance of the criminal investigation process for offenses under the Malaysian Land Law. It will begin with the process of appointment of the Investigator. The aim is to show the effect of producing IP in order to complete the enforcement action and to secure the revenue of the State Government. It will also identify any inadequacies and challenges faced by investigators while completing the investigation. This research applies qualitative methods to achieve the objectives. Social legal research was adopted by collecting sample data from Kelantan Land Director’s office and also by referring to the NLC and the Criminal Procedure Code (CPC) as primary sources. Secondary sources include books, scholarly articles and news reports found in journals, and the Internet. It is concluded that the government should consider enhancing the land criminal investigation institution by empowering the IO, providing distinctive investigation guidelines and establishing a special department for the Investigation Unit in the Office of State Director.


2016 ◽  
pp. 15
Author(s):  
Mariana Giaretto ◽  
Victoria Naffa

ResumenEn este trabajo analizamos las relaciones entre tomas de tierras y Estado, en elAlto Valle de Río Negro en Argentina. En un contexto general de especulacióninmobiliaria, por la que se encarecen los precios de alquileres y terrenos, y depolíticas de vivienda selectivas y acotadas, los sectores populares acceden aun espacio en la ciudad mediante tomas de tierras. Frente a estos conflictos,el Estado, en sus diferentes niveles y poderes, despliega una forma deintervención basada en la criminalización de las luchas por tierra y vivienda.Al mismo tiempo, el poder ejecutivo nacional crea la Secretaría de Acceso alHábitat, para posibilitar la intervención política orientada a la regularizaciónde los asentamientos. Sin embargo, esta intervención tiende a reinscribir laproblemática habitacional en el campo político, para reducirla a un conflicto“entre partes”, eludiendo la responsabilidad estatal.Desde un enfoque metodológico cualitativo, seleccionamos como referenteempírico el caso del asentamiento de Villa Obrera en Fiske, Menuco (Gral.Roca), y las técnicas de recolección de datos se basan en fuentes secundarias,como expedientes judiciales y normativa, y en fuentes primarias como son losrelatos de los protagonistas mediante entrevistas individuales y colectivas.Palabras clave: tomas de tierras, Estado, criminalización de los conflictos.Conflicts caused by land occupation and modesof State intervention: analysis of an experience ofAlto Valle in Río Negro (Argentina)AbstractThis paper analyzes the relationship between State and land occupation,at Alto Valle in Río Negro, Argentina. In a general context of real estatespeculation, where rents and land prices are expensive, and a policy ofselective and limited housing, popular sectors can have access to a spacein the city through land occupation. In front of these conflicts, the Statein its different levels and powers, displays a form of intervention basedon the criminalization of struggles for land and housing. At the sametime, the national executive creates the Secretariat of Access to Habitat,oriented to allow political intervention for the regularization of settlements.However, this intervention tends to re-register the housing problems in thepolitical arena, reducing it to a conflict “between parties” and eluding theresponsibility of the State.From a qualitative methodological approach, we selected as empirical referencethe case of the settlement of Villa Obrera in Fiske, Menuco (GeneralRoca). The techniques of data collection are based on secondary sources, suchas policy and legal records, and primary sources as the stories of protagoniststhrough individual and collective interviews.Keywords: land occupation, State, criminalization of conflicts.Conflitos sobre ocupações de terras e modos deintervenção do estado: análise de uma experiênciado Alto Valle do Rio Preto (Argentina)ResumoEste trabalho analisa as relações entre a posse de terra e o Estado, no AltoValle do Rio Preto, na Argentina. Num contexto geral da especulaçãoimobiliária, por qual se encarecem os preços do aluguel e das terras, e depolíticas de habitação seletivas e limitadas, os setores populares acedem aum espaço na cidade através de ocupações de terras. Frente a estes conflitos,o Estado, em seus diferentes níveis e poderes, desenvolve uma forma deintervenção com base na criminalização das lutas pela terra e vivenda. Aomesmo tempo, o poder executivo nacional cria a Secretaria de Acesso àHabitat para possibilitar à intervenção política orientada a regularização dosassentamentos. No entanto, esta intervenção tende a registrar os problemasde habitação no campo político, para reduzi-la a um conflito “entre aspartes”, iludindo a responsabilidade do Estado.A partir de uma abordagem metodológica qualitativa, foi selecionado comoreferência empírica o caso do Assentamento de Villa Obrera em Fiske,Menuco (Gral. Roca), e as técnicas de recolecção de dados são baseados emfontes secundárias, como expedientes judiciais e normativos, e em fontes primárias como são as histórias dos protagonistas através de entrevistasindividuais e coletivas.Palavras-chave: tomada de terras, Estado, criminalização dos conflitos.


Patan Pragya ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 122-132
Author(s):  
Laxman Singh Kunwer

This paper examines the history and current situation of foreign labour migration in Nepal, which is in increasing trend. This paper highlights on some major push and pull factors, impacts of labour migration and remittances. The role and impacts of remittances in Nepal are also another key issue of this paper. The objective of paper is to discuss historical aspects and highlights the role of remittances in Nepal. The paper is developed with the help of secondary sources of information and discussed only on Nepalese foreign labours. The existing exploitative working environment in destinations of Nepalese migrations labpurs, lack of skills and trainings among labour migrants including government to government agreement between labour sending (Nepal) and labour receiving countries to protect rights of labour migrants also has been discussed. This paper also highlights the need of effective foreign labour policies based on scientific research. There is need of reliable and proper environment of investment of remittances in productive sectors as well as use of migrant's skills and knowledge to achieve prosperity of nation.


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