Evolvement of interpretation capacities of seismic measurements in mining of water-soluble minerals

2021 ◽  
pp. 28-33
Author(s):  
I. A. Sanfirov ◽  
A. A. Zhikin ◽  
K. B. Fatkin ◽  
R. A. Bogdanov
Keyword(s):  
Rock Mass ◽  
Wave Field ◽  
Geophysical Methods ◽  
Structural Features ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Seismic Exploration ◽  
Seismic Surveys ◽  
Irregular Wave ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Interval Velocities

The current development level of geophysical methods for mining monitoring of water-soluble mineral deposits provides opportunities to control the growing variety of potentially hazardous geological and mining conditions, to identify the critical states of rock mass and to monitor the emergency facilities. Seismic surveys for solving the specified problems have proven to be a highly informative method for studying the structural features and properties of productive and waterprotective overburden strata, which has a high information richness of the recorded data. The main set of parameters for the interpretation stage of seismic exploration has been formed based on the experience in shallow seismic surveys within a potash deposit; it incl udes the target reflection times, effective and interval velocities, amplitudes, frequencies and a number of derivatives from these parameters. Improvement and adaptation of world interpretation practices in relation to the indicated seismic studies conditions provides means for increasing reliability of anomalies identification and expanding the set of typical wave ‘images’ for various kinds of inhomogeneities in a wide range of wave field realizations and its attributes. The analysis of irregular wave field component in the results of scattered waves processing, spectral decomposition and RGB-mixing is considered as an additional techniques of qualitative interpretation. An approach is proposed to determining possible fracturing in rock mass based on the variability of interval velocities. In combination with the AVO-analysis, this approach makes it possible to assess the trend of rock disintegration within the emergency facilities. The interpretation results of the areal (quasi-3D) and spatial (3D) detailed surveys of a shallow potash deposit are presented.

scholarly journals Role of multiple reflections in the formationof wave field in the cretaceous successions of the Middli Kura depression in Azerbaijan

2021 ◽  
Vol 43 (3) ◽  
pp. 123-134
Author(s):  
T. R. Akhmedov ◽  
T. Kh. Niyazov
Keyword(s):  
Wave Field ◽  
Upper Cretaceous ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Geophysical Methods ◽  
Geological Structure ◽  
Gas Content ◽  
Seismic Exploration ◽  
Time Interval ◽  
Multiple Reflections ◽  
Seismic Sections

The article is devoted to the elucidation of the nature of the wave field recorded below the supporting-dominant seismic horizon «P» in the Middle Kura depression of Azerbaijan. A brief overview of the work carried out here is given; it is indicated that some geologists and geophysicists of our country, in our opinion, mistakenly assume that the observed wave field below the specified horizon is formed mainly by multiple reflections. Since the introduction of the common depth point method into the practice of seismic exploration, individual areas of the Middle Kura depression in Azerbaijan, including the Yevlakh-Agjabedi trough, have been repeatedly studied with varying degrees of frequency tracking. On the basis of this, a fairly large number of promising structures have been identified and mapped. But the structure of the Mesozoic, in particular the deposits of the Upper Cretaceous, still remains insufficiently studied. The study of the geological structure of the Mesozoic sediments, which are considered promising in terms of oil and gas content, is an urgent geological task; exploration work was carried out in the studied areas of the Middle Kura depression using a complex of geophysical methods at the modern technical and methodological level and new results were obtained. The constructed seismic sections show a dynamically pronounced and well-traceable seismic horizon corresponding to the Mesozoic surface and located deeper than it, relatively weak, short, discontinuous reflective boundaries that characterize the structure within the Mesozoic deposits. The studies carried out on the basis of modeling and velocity analysis made it possible to prove that the wave field in the time interval corresponding to the Mesozoic deposits owes its origin to intermittent single reflections from volcanic-carbonate deposits of the Upper Cretaceous age.

RECENT GEOLOGICAL AND GEOPHYSICAL RESULTS IN THE NORTHEASTERN CANNING BASIN

1975 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
M. F. Drew ◽  
G. R. Evans
Keyword(s):  
High Sensitivity ◽  
Structural Features ◽  
Petroleum Exploration ◽  
Seismic Exploration ◽  
Structural Elements ◽  
Seismic Surveys ◽  
Canning Basin ◽  
Reflection Seismic ◽  
Magnetic Basement ◽  
Southern Flank

The exploration programme conducted in Exploration Permits 58 and 59 in the northeastern Canning Basin during the past three years has clarified regional structural and stratigraphic relationships. Interpretation of the combined results of field geological, high sensitivity aeromagnetic and reflection seismic surveys has delineated five major structural elements, some previously unrecognised. These are, from north to south, the Billiluna Shelf, the Betty Terrace, the Fitzroy Trough, the Crossland Platform and the Helena Platform. Sedimentary rocks from Proterozoic to Mesozoic age occur in the permits. The Phanerozoic rocks range in thickness from in excess of 15000 m in the Fitzroy Trough to a veneer of probably less than 1000 m over the Billiluna Shelf. On the Crossland Platform and the Helena Platform, up to 4000 m of Lower and Middle Palaeozoic rocks overlain by up to 1500 m of Upper Palaeozoic sediments are interpreted to be present.Whilst no wells have been drilled within the area, results of exploratory holes in adjoining permits have been used to refine the interpretations presented in this paper. The principal stratigraphic features of interest to petroleum exploration are a possible Devonian reef trend located on the junction of the Crossland and Helena Platforms and subdued structural features caused by halokinesis on the Helena Platform.Two major geological conclusions were drawn from the exploration programme to date. One is that the age of the formation of the Fitzroy Trough, at least in this part of the Canning Basin, is younger than previously postulated. The other is the presence in the northeastern part of the Canning Basin of a Proterozoic infrabasin with depths to magnetic basement comparable with measured outcrop thicknesses on the southern flank of the Kimberley Block.Future exploration plans for the region call for further seismic exploration and the drilling of medium depth wildcat tests to investigate the hydrocarbon potential of the region.

Microsponges: An Overview

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hamid Hussain ◽  
Divya Juyal ◽  
Archana Dhyani
Keyword(s):  
Controlled Release ◽  
Delivery System ◽  
Oral Delivery ◽  
Active Agent ◽  
Topical Delivery ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Porous Beads

Microsponge and Nanosponge delivery System was originally developed for topical delivery of drugs can also be used for controlled oral delivery of drugs using water soluble and bioerodible polymers. Microsponge delivery system (MDS) can entrap wide range of drugs and then release them onto the skin over a time by difussion mechanism to the skin. It is a unique technology for the controlled release of topical agents and consists of nano or micro porous beads loaded with active agent and also use for oral delivery of drugs using bioerodible polymers.

The content of decenoic acids in drone brood preparations and combined preparations based on it

Biomics ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 389-393
Author(s):  
D.V. Mitrofanov ◽  
N.V. Budnikova
Keyword(s):  
Royal Jelly ◽  
Storage Conditions ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Biologically Active Substances ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Strict Adherence ◽  
Drone Brood ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Active Substances ◽  
Melanin Complex

The drone brood contains a large number of substances with antioxidant activity. These substances require stabilization and strict adherence to storage conditions. Among these substances are unique decenoic acids, the content of which is an indicator of the quality of drone brood and products based on it. The ability of drone brood to reduce the manifestations of oxidative stress is shown. There are dietary supplements for food and drugs based on drone brood, which are used for a wide range of diseases. Together with drone brood, chitosan-containing products, propolis, royal jelly can be used. They enrich the composition with their own biologically active substances and affect the preservation of the biologically active substances of the drone brood. Promising are the products containing, in addition to the drone brood, a chitin-chitosan-melanin complex from bees, propolis, royal jelly. The chitin-chitosan-melanin complex in the amount of 5% in the composition of the adsorbent practically does not affect the preservation of decenic acids, while in the amount of 2% and 10% it somewhat worsens. The acid-soluble and water-soluble chitosan of marine crustaceans significantly worsens the preservation of decenoic acids in the product. Drone brood with royal jelly demonstrates a rather high content of decenoic acids. When propolis is introduced into the composition of the product, the content of decenoic acids increases according to the content of propolis.

pH-Dependent Thermal Stability of Vibrio cholerae L-asparaginase

2019 ◽  
Vol 26 (10) ◽  
pp. 743-750 ◽  
Author(s):  
Remya Radha ◽  
Sathyanarayana N. Gummadi
Keyword(s):  
Vibrio Cholerae ◽  
Conformational Changes ◽  
Kinetic Studies ◽  
Structural Features ◽  
Structure Stability ◽  
Kcal Mole ◽  
Scanning Calorimetry ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Ph Dependent ◽  
Ph Range

Background:pH is one of the decisive macromolecular properties of proteins that significantly affects enzyme structure, stability and reaction rate. Change in pH may protonate or deprotonate the side group of aminoacid residues in the protein, thereby resulting in changes in chemical and structural features. Hence studies on the kinetics of enzyme deactivation by pH are important for assessing the bio-functionality of industrial enzymes. L-asparaginase is one such important enzyme that has potent applications in cancer therapy and food industry.Objective:The objective of the study is to understand and analyze the influence of pH on deactivation and stability of Vibrio cholerae L-asparaginase.Methods:Kinetic studies were conducted to analyze the effect of pH on stability and deactivation of Vibrio cholerae L-asparaginase. Circular Dichroism (CD) and Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC) studies have been carried out to understand the pH-dependent conformational changes in the secondary structure of V. cholerae L-asparaginase.Results:The enzyme was found to be least stable at extreme acidic conditions (pH< 4.5) and exhibited a gradual increase in melting temperature from 40 to 81 °C within pH range of 4.0 to 7.0. Thermodynamic properties of protein were estimated and at pH 7.0 the protein exhibited ΔG37of 26.31 kcal mole-1, ΔH of 204.27 kcal mole-1 and ΔS of 574.06 cal mole-1 K-1.Conclusion:The stability and thermodynamic analysis revealed that V. cholerae L-asparaginase was highly stable over a wide range of pH, with the highest stability in the pH range of 5.0–7.0.

Application of Nitrogen Heterocyclic Carbenes in Organocatalysis

2020 ◽  
Vol 09 ◽  
Author(s):  
Minita Ojha ◽  
R. K. Bansal
Keyword(s):  
Asymmetric Catalysis ◽  
Building Blocks ◽  
Structural Features ◽  
Heterocyclic Carbenes ◽  
Stetter Reaction ◽  
Metal Pollutants ◽  
Synthetic Strategy ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Benzoin Condensation ◽  
Nitrogen Heterocyclic

Background: During the last two decades, horizon of research in the field of Nitrogen Heterocyclic Carbenes (NHC) has widened remarkably. NHCs have emerged as ubiquitous species having applications in a broad range of fields, including organocatalysis and organometallic chemistry. The NHC-induced non-asymmetric catalysis has turned out to be a really fruitful area of research in recent years. Methods: By manipulating structural features and selecting appropriate substituent groups, it has been possible to control the kinetic and thermodynamic stability of a wide range of NHCs, which can be tolerant to a variety of functional groups and can be used under mild conditions. NHCs are produced by different methods, such as deprotonation of Nalkylhetrocyclic salt, transmetallation, decarboxylation and electrochemical reduction. Results: The NHCs have been used successfully as catalysts for a wide range of reactions making a large number of building blocks and other useful compounds accessible. Some of these reactions are: benzoin condensation, Stetter reaction, Michael reaction, esterification, activation of esters, activation of isocyanides, polymerization, different cycloaddition reactions, isomerization, etc. The present review includes all these examples published during the last 10 years, i.e. from 2010 till date. Conclusion: The NHCs have emerged as versatile and powerful organocatalysts in synthetic organic chemistry. They provide the synthetic strategy which does not burden the environment with metal pollutants and thus fit in the Green Chemistry.

scholarly journals Ring-Forming Polymerization toward Perfluorocyclobutyl and Ortho-Diynylarene-Derived Materials: From Synthesis to Practical Applications

Materials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (6) ◽  
pp. 1486
Author(s):  
Eugene B. Caldona ◽  
Ernesto I. Borrego ◽  
Ketki E. Shelar ◽  
Karl M. Mukeba ◽  
Dennis W. Smith
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Resistance ◽  
Structural Features ◽  
Review Article ◽  
Aryl Ether ◽  
Aromatic Rings ◽  
Practical Applications ◽  
Repeat Units ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Synthetic Routes ◽  
The Cost

Many desirable characteristics of polymers arise from the method of polymerization and structural features of their repeat units, which typically are responsible for the polymer’s performance at the cost of processability. While linear alternatives are popular, polymers composed of cyclic repeat units across their backbones have generally been shown to exhibit higher optical transparency, lower water absorption, and higher glass transition temperatures. These specifically include polymers built with either substituted alicyclic structures or aromatic rings, or both. In this review article, we highlight two useful ring-forming polymer groups, perfluorocyclobutyl (PFCB) aryl ether polymers and ortho-diynylarene- (ODA) based thermosets, both demonstrating outstanding thermal stability, chemical resistance, mechanical integrity, and improved processability. Different synthetic routes (with emphasis on ring-forming polymerization) and properties for these polymers are discussed, followed by their relevant applications in a wide range of aspects.

scholarly journals Pulsed Electromagnetic Cross-Well Exploration for Monitoring Permafrost and Examining the Processes of Its Geocryological Changes

Geosciences ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 60
Author(s):  
Viacheslav Glinskikh ◽  
Oleg Nechaev ◽  
Igor Mikhaylov ◽  
Kirill Danilovskiy ◽  
Vladimir Olenchenko
Keyword(s):  
High Performance ◽  
Geophysical Methods ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
High Sensitivity ◽  
Data Interpretation ◽  
Industrial Facilities ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Vector Finite Element ◽  
A New Technique ◽  
Pulsed Electromagnetic

This paper is dedicated to the topical problem of examining permafrost’s state and the processes of its geocryological changes by means of geophysical methods. To monitor the cryolithozone, we proposed and scientifically substantiated a new technique of pulsed electromagnetic cross-well sounding. Based on the vector finite-element method, we created a mathematical model of the cross-well sounding process with a pulsed source in a three-dimensional spatially heterogeneous medium. A high-performance parallel computing algorithm was developed and verified. Through realistic geoelectric models of permafrost with a talik under a highway, constructed following the results of electrotomography field data interpretation, we numerically simulated the pulsed sounding on the computing resources of the Siberian Supercomputer Center of SB RAS. The simulation results suggest the proposed system of pulsed electromagnetic cross-well monitoring to be characterized by a high sensitivity to the presence and dimensions of the talik. The devised approach can be oriented to addressing a wide range of issues related to monitoring permafrost rocks under civil and industrial facilities, buildings, and constructions.

Application of geophysical methods for the investigation of the large gravitational mass movement of Séchilienne, France

2005 ◽  
Vol 42 (4) ◽  
pp. 1105-1115 ◽  
Author(s):  
O Meric ◽  
S Garambois ◽  
D Jongmans ◽  
M Wathelet ◽  
J L Chatelain ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rock Mass ◽  
Mass Movement ◽  
Seismic Refraction ◽  
Geophysical Methods ◽  
Time Lapse ◽  
Gravitational Mass ◽  
Electrical Tomography ◽  
Refraction Tomography ◽  
Geophysical Surveys ◽  
Geophysical Techniques

Several geophysical techniques (electromagnetic profiling, electrical tomography, seismic refraction tomography, and spontaneous potential and seismic noise measurement) were applied in the investigation of the large gravitational mass movement of Séchilienne. France. The aim of this study was to test the ability of these methods to characterize and delineate the rock mass affected by this complex movement in mica schists, whose lateral and vertical limits are still uncertain. A major observation of this study is that all the zones strongly deformed (previously and at present) by the movement are characterized by high electrical resistivity values (>3 kΩ·m), in contrast to the undisturbed mass, which exhibits resistivity values between a few hundred and 1 kΩ·m. As shown by the surface observations and the seismic results, this resistivity increase is due to a high degree of fracturing associated with the creation of air-filled voids inside the mass. Other geophysical techniques were tested along a horizontal transect through the movement, and an outstanding coherency appeared between the geophysical anomalies and the displacement rate curve. These preliminary results illustrate the benefits of combined geophysical techniques for characterizing the rock mass involved in the movement. Results also suggest that monitoring the evolution of the rock mass movement with time-lapse geophysical surveys could be beneficial.Key words: gravitational movement, geophysical methods, Séchilienne.

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