Complex coagulants produced from bulk waste and industrial products

2021 ◽  
pp. 13-18
Author(s):  
E. N. Kuzin ◽  
◽  
N. E. Kruchinina ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Water Treatment ◽  
Aqueous Solutions ◽  
Titanium Tetrachloride ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Ferrous Metal ◽  
Acid Leaching ◽  
Teaching Staff ◽  
Treatment Efficiency ◽  
High Ph ◽  
Ph Values

A series of experiments has been conducted and samples of complex coagulants have been obtained from the by-products of apatite-nepheline ore flotation (nepheline concentrate) and from refractory production waste — i. e. synthetic brucite. It was established that aqueous solutions of titanium tetrachloride can be used as an acid leaching reagent. The authors examined the process of recovering the principal active components with aqueous solutions of titanium tetrachloride and identified the priority mechanism behind leaching of metallic components with highly diluted aqueous solutions of titanium tetrachloride. The quantitative and qualitative composition of the obtained solutions of complex coagulants was analyzed. Modified magnesium coagulants were found to demonstrate high efficiency at high pH values of the treated water. At neutral pH values, complex aluminiumbearing reagents proved to be significantly more efficient than the conventional coagulants (i.e. aluminium sulphates and aluminium (oxy)chlorides). The obtained reagents were analyzed for their coagulation ability. Run-off and waste waters generated by an off gas purification unit in use at a non-ferrous metal casting site were used for the analysis. The analysis showed that, with the same dosage used, the modified aluminium coagulant is 30–35% more efficient than the conventional reagents. Experiments aimed at analyzing the water treatment efficiency in the case of water with high pH values (e.g. wastewater generated by a cement plant) showed that due to the use of inoculants in magnesium coagulants the water treatment efficiency can be increased by more than 20%. It was proved that the introduction of titanium compound hydrolysis products helps to significantly increase the water treatment efficiency irrespective of the principal component of the coagulant (aluminium or magnesium salt). This research was carried out as part of the funding programme aimed to support young research and teaching staff of D. Mendeleev University of Chemical Technology of Russia (Application: З-2020-013.).

scholarly journals Titanium-containing coagulants for foundry wastewater treatment

2020 ◽  
pp. 66-69
Author(s):  
E. N. Kuzin ◽  
N. E. Kruchinina
Keyword(s):  
Water Treatment ◽  
Suspended Solids ◽  
Titanium Tetrachloride ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Surface Cleaning ◽  
Treatment Efficiency ◽  
Molding Sand ◽  
Aluminum Sulphate ◽  
Machine Parts ◽  
High Concentrations

Setting up a circulation water supply system is a prerequisite for a modern competitive steel making company. The most frequent problem faced by steel makers includes the challenge of removing suspended solids from large volumes of wastewater. Residual concentration of suspended solids (1-10 mg/l) is the main criterion of treatment efficiency. The most difficult task is to remove particles smaller than 1-2 microns, which stay suspended for a long time. One of the biggest sources of wastewater includes the process of removing residual molding sand from machine parts by water jet surface cleaning. Apart from high concentrations of suspended solids, process wastewater have high concentrations of dissolved organic compounds and require prior treatment before it can go to municipal wastewater treatment plants. Titanium-containing coagulants are being used more and more commonly in water treatment processes due to their high efficiency and the lack of most of the drawbacks inherent in conventional coagulants. This paper compares the conventional coagulants (i.e. aluminum and iron compounds) and coagulants containing titanium salts. In addition, complex titanium-containing coagulants were tested in the actual process of removing residual molding sand from machine parts by water jet surface cleaning. The findings show that titanium tetrachloride outperforms the conventionally used aluminum sulphate and iron chloride, while the effective dose of titanium tetrachloride is on average 2.5 to 3.0 times smaller. The obtained experimental data characterize the effect of added titanium compounds on the water treatment efficiency when conventional reagents are used. It was found that the addition 7.5 wt% of titanium tetrachloride to the conventional aluminum sulphate increases the treatment performance of the latter by 30%. The high efficiency of titanium-containing reagents is due to specific hydrolysis effects, as well as nucleation and flocculation at the surface of hydrolysis products. The rate of sedimentation and filtration of sludges resultant from water treatment with titanium-containing coagulants significantly exceeded that reached when using conventional reagents. The use of titanium-containing reagents will enable to transfer to smaller settlers and filters, reduce the consumption of reagents and reach an enhanced treatment performance. The treated water can be reused or discharged into municipal sewage treatment plants. This research study was carried out as part of the programme supporting research projects carried out by young staff of D. Mendeleev University of Chemical Technology of Russia (Application З-2020-013)

scholarly journals Sorption of Eu (III) onto Nano-Sized H-Titanates of Different Structures

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 697
Author(s):  
Vladimir Petrov ◽  
Zhong Chen ◽  
Anna Romanchuk ◽  
Valeria Demina ◽  
Yuxin Tang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Treatment ◽  
Aqueous Solutions ◽  
Contact Time ◽  
Polluted Water ◽  
Batch Experiments ◽  
Ph Values ◽  
Sorption From Aqueous Solutions ◽  
Hydrothermal Methods

Hydrogen titanates (H-titanates) of different nanostructures (nanotubes, nanowires, nanosheets) have been synthesized by hydrothermal methods. The europium (III) sorption from aqueous solutions onto nano-sized H-titanates was studied as a function of contact time, pH values, and initial Eu (III) concentration in batch experiments. Reversibility of adsorption of europium has been investigated as well. Nano-sized H-titanates can be used for tri-valent f-elements removal in polluted water treatment due to fast and efficient sorption of Eu (III).

Impact of climate and bulking materials on characteristics of compost from ecological toilets

2012 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 79-86 ◽  
Author(s):  
James W. McKinley ◽  
Rebecca E. Parzen ◽  
Álvaro Mercado Guzmán
Keyword(s):  
Low Carbon ◽  
Pathogen Inactivation ◽  
High Ph ◽  
Moisture Contents ◽  
Urine Diversion ◽  
Ph Values ◽  
Dominant Process ◽  
Nitrogen Ratio ◽  
Storage Times ◽  
Carbon Concentrations

Urine-diversion dehydration toilets (UDDT) are common throughout the developing world, and the toilet product is widely used as compost. There is no comprehensive research to date that characterizes the compost to determine its quality, extent of pathogen inactivation, and the effects of climate and bulking materials on the compost. Compost was collected from 45 UDDT in Bolivia and analyzed for physical, chemical, and biological parameters. Eighty percent and 56% of samples did not meet acceptable compost guidelines for moisture content and pH, respectively, indicating desiccation was the dominant process in UDDT. Bulking materials significantly impacted compost characteristics in terms of pH, carbon, carbon-to-nitrogen ratio, and carbon stability (P < 0.05). Composts with ash exhibited, on average, low carbon concentrations (4.9%) and high pH values (9.7), which can be harmful to plants and composting microorganisms. Composts with sawdust exhibited, on average, high carbon concentrations (40.0%) and carbon-to-nitrogen ratios (31.0). Climate had no significant impact on chemical characteristics, however composts from humid regions had significantly higher moisture contents (34.4%) than those from arid climates (24.8%) (P < 0.05). Viable Ascaris lumbricoides ova were identified in 31% of samples, including samples with high pH, low moisture contents, and long storage times.

HPLC Analysis of Oxytetracycline Residues in Honey

1986 ◽  
Vol 49 (5) ◽  
pp. 383-388 ◽  
Author(s):  
PETER SPORNS ◽  
SUET KWAN ◽  
LAWRENCE A. ROTH
Keyword(s):  
High Performance Liquid Chromatography ◽  
Liquid Chromatography ◽  
Aqueous Solutions ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Hplc Analysis ◽  
Extraction Procedure ◽  
Hplc Method ◽  
Limits Of Detection ◽  
Ph Values ◽  
Double Extraction

Oxytetracycline (OTC), also known commercially as Terramycin, was determined to be more stable in honey than in buffered aqueous solutions at similar pH values and temperatures. A rapid high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method was developed to detect and quantitate OTC using a 1:1 dilution (wt/wt) of honey samples in water. Using 355 nm as the wavelength of detection, amounts as low as 0.5 μg/ml could be detected in the above solution. The limits of detection were lowered considerably by a double extraction procedure.

scholarly journals Recent Advances of Photocatalytic Application in Water Treatment: A Review

Nanomaterials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. 1804
Author(s):  
Guangmin Ren ◽  
Hongtao Han ◽  
Yixuan Wang ◽  
Sitong Liu ◽  
Jianyong Zhao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Water Treatment ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Great Promise ◽  
Rapid Progress ◽  
Recent Advances ◽  
Photocatalytic Application ◽  
Oxidation Technology ◽  
Performance Challenges

Photocatalysis holds great promise as an efficient and sustainable oxidation technology for application in wastewater treatment. Rapid progress developing novel materials has propelled photocatalysis to the forefront of sustainable wastewater treatments. This review presents the latest progress on applications of photocatalytic wastewater treatment. Our focus is on strategies for improving performance. Challenges and outlooks in this promising field are also discussed. We hope this review will help researchers design low-cost and high-efficiency photocatalysts for water treatment.

scholarly journals Evaluation of an environmentally sustainable UV-assisted water treatment system for the removal of Bacillus globigii spores in water

2017 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 968-975
Author(s):  
R. G. Silva ◽  
J. Szabo ◽  
V. Namboodiri ◽  
E. R. Krishnan ◽  
J. Rodriguez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Treatment ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Membrane Filter ◽  
Water Security ◽  
Disinfection Byproducts ◽  
Treatment System ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Environmentally Sustainable ◽  
Inorganic Substances ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Development of greener water treatment technologies is important for the production of safe drinking water and water security applications, such as decontamination. Chlorine assisted disinfection is common and economical, but can generate disinfection byproducts (DBPs) that may be of health concern. DBPs are formed due to the reaction of chlorine with naturally occurring organic and inorganic substances in water. Currently, various innovative technologies are being developed as alternative approaches for preventing DBPs during water treatment. In this study, we evaluated the effectiveness of a novel combination of high efficiency flow filtration and UV disinfection treatment system for the removal of Bacillus globigii (B. globigii) spores in water. The filtration system consists of a charged membrane filter (CMF) that not only helps to remove suspended particles but also reduces the impact of other impurities including bio organisms. In order to get most performance details, the CMF was evaluated at clean, half-life, and end of life (EOL) conditions along with 100% UV transmittance (UVT). In addition, the effectiveness of the UV system was evaluated as a stand alone system at 100% and 70% EOL intensity. The study was conducted at the US EPA's Test and Evaluation (T&E) Facility in Cincinnati, OH, using B. globigii, a surrogate for B. anthracis spores. This non-chemical environmentally-friendly CMF/UV combination system and the stand alone UV unit showed greater than 6.0 log removal of B. globigii during the tests.

scholarly journals Adsorption of Rare Earth Elements from Aqueous Solutions Using Geopolymers

Proceedings ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (10) ◽  
pp. 567 ◽  
Author(s):  
Željka Fiket ◽  
Ana Galović ◽  
Gordana Medunić ◽  
Martina Furdek Turk ◽  
Maja Ivanić ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rare Earth ◽  
Rare Earth Elements ◽  
Aqueous Solutions ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Coal Ash ◽  
Industrial Sector ◽  
Efficient Removal ◽  
Model Solutions ◽  
Technology Applications

Rare earth elements, i.e., lanthanides, are important components of many recently developed technology applications. However, their increasing use in the industrial sector, medicine, and agriculture over the last few decades has provided them with the title of “new pollutants”. Different methods are now applied for the removal of various pollutants from wastewaters, whereby the emphasis is placed on adsorption due to its simplicity, high efficiency, and low cost. In the present study, geopolymers prepared from coal ash were examined regarding their capacity for the adsorption of lanthanides from model solutions. The obtained results indicate the efficient removal of lanthanides by prepared geopolymers, depicting them as effective adsorbents for this group of elements.

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