scholarly journals The Impact of Road Accidents to the Community of Iringa Municipality: Challenges in Reducing Risks

2016 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 253 ◽  
Author(s):  
Evaristo Haulle ◽  
Marwa Kisiri
Keyword(s):  
Ad Hoc ◽  
Road Traffic ◽  
Site Conditions ◽  
Road Accidents ◽  
Safety Education ◽  
Economic Activities ◽  
Great Loss ◽  
Road Users ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Impact

This paper examines impact of Road Accidents on community socio-economic activities in Iringa municipality. It assumes that accident as any disaster adversely affects people, property and environment. The paper employed questionnaire, interview, observation and documentary search for data collection. The study found that road accidents on-site conditions were caused by poor infrastructure, overloading of vehicles, law impunity, inadequacy of relevant laws, corruption, negligence of drivers, lack of road safety education and road traffic signs. Road accidents caused loss of lives, increase of dependence, destruction of property, increase of poverty, injuries and permanent disabilities. Provision of training to drivers, serious enforcement of the laws, provision of education to road users through public agitations, posters and television broadcasts, introduction of ad hoc inspection of road quality and transport facilities were some of the techniques used to curb the risk. Generally, road accidents caused a great loss of human, physical and natural resources. The intervention is on on-site conditions while very little attention is put on the root causes. It is recommended that, in addressing this human induced disaster the government in collaborations with other stakeholders should focus on the root causes in a participatory manner to bring community equity hence sustainable development.

scholarly journals Determination of the types of road accidents at roundabouts

2021 ◽  
Vol 341 ◽  
pp. 00059
Author(s):  
Vladimir Rassokha ◽  
Nikolai Nikitin ◽  
Yulia Savina
Keyword(s):  
Traffic Accidents ◽  
Road Traffic ◽  
Road Traffic Accidents ◽  
Road Accidents ◽  
Road Users ◽  
Vulnerable Road Users ◽  
Crash Types ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship

The main purpose of this study was to identify and analyze the prevailing types of accidents at roundabouts. The relationship was revealed between certain types of accidents, the place of their occurrence, and the configuration of the roundabout. The study analyzed 321 accidents at 19 ring intersections. Four predominant crash types were identified: rear-end collision, collision with vulnerable road users, side swipe collision, and entering circulate collision. The greatest number of accidents occurred at the weaving lane and at the entrances and exits of the roundabout. Dividing the ring intersections into separate sections to determine the location of the accident allows drawing conclusions on the nature of road traffic accidents and the impact of the roundabout design on safety.

scholarly journals Predictive analysis of the impact of the time of day on road accidents in Poland

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 142-150
Author(s):  
Anna Borucka ◽  
Edward Kozłowski ◽  
Piotr Oleszczuk ◽  
Andrzej Świderski
Keyword(s):  
Road Safety ◽  
Traffic Accidents ◽  
Road Traffic ◽  
Time Of Day ◽  
Steady Increase ◽  
Road Traffic Accidents ◽  
Road Accidents ◽  
Road Users ◽  
Kolmogorov Smirnov ◽  
The Impact

AbstractThe steady increase in the number of road users and their growing mobility mean that the issue of road safety is still a topical one. Analyses of factors influencing the number of road traffic accidents contribute to the improvement of road safety. Because changes in traffic volume follow a daily rhythm, hour of the day is an important factor affecting the number of crashes. The present article identifies selected mathematical models which can be used to describe the number of road traffic accidents as a function of the time of their occurrence during the day. The study of the seasonality of the number of accidents in particular hours was assessed. The distributions of the number of accidents in each hour were compared using the Kruskal-Wallis and Kolmogorov-Smirnov tests. Multidimensional scaling was used to present the found similarities and differences. Similar hours were grouped into clusters, which were used in further analysis to construct the ARMAXmodel and the Holt-Winters model. Finally, the predictive capabilities of each model were assessed.

Road barriers: modern solutions for improving traffic safety

2021 ◽  
pp. 43-48
Author(s):  
Keyword(s):  
Traffic Safety ◽  
Traffic Accident ◽  
Preventive Measures ◽  
Mechanical Damage ◽  
Road Accidents ◽  
Road Users ◽  
Urgent Task ◽  
The Moment ◽  
Energy Absorbing ◽  
The Impact

Improving the system of preventive measures aimed at reducing the severity of the consequences of road accidents is an urgent task. Road deaths are constantly increasing and there is a need for a comprehensive approach to creating safe road conditions. The purpose of this study is to analyze the promising designs of road barriers designed to prevent uncontrolled exit of vehicles from the roadway of the highway and to develop the design of energy-absorbing fencing. Barrier barriers must not only be safe for road users, but must also ensure their safety, as well as preserve the elements after hitting the fence. Analytical studies have shown that in order to reduce mechanical damage to vehicles and reduce the severity of injuries to the driver and passengers, it is necessary to develop a road fence design that allows you to extinguish the impact energy at the moment of contact between the car and the fence. Keywords: fencing, barrier, safety, traffic accident

“Air pollution arrested not imprisoned”: The impact of laws invoked on Covid-19 city lockdowns

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Emmanuel Mensah Aboagye ◽  
◽  
Nana Osei Owusu ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Environmental Problem ◽  
World Health Organisation ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
World Health ◽  
Economic Activities ◽  
Global Pandemic ◽  
Depth Study ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Impact

Air pollution continues to be an environmental problem that poses a lot of health risks to the young and aged. Developed countries have invested heavily to curb this environmental problem, causing severe threats to human lives, yet the results do not look convincing. In developing countries, the situation is difficult than they can imagine, resulting in governments borrowing to fight what looks like a lost battle [1-3]. The in-depth study of this environmental menace - air pollution, suggests that the government enacts stringent measures to help fight this battle. This is because air pollution has natural (volcanic eruption) and anthropogenic (human activities) causes. In December 2019, the deadly Coronavirus (Covid-19) outbreak was soon declared as a global pandemic by the World Health Organisation (WHO) [4]. Majority of countries have had their share of the impact of this outbreak. Many countries resorted to city lockdown to strictly control the movement of people and economic activities as recommended by WHO.

scholarly journals Contingency Plan: Comparison of Health Policies in Managing COVID-19 in Singapore and Indonesia

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 28-34
Author(s):  
Khalish Arsy Al Khairy Siregar ◽  
Deasy Nur Chairin Hanifa
Keyword(s):  
Health Policy ◽  
Mortality Rate ◽  
Good Health ◽  
Disaster Mitigation ◽  
Health Policies ◽  
Economic Activities ◽  
The Past ◽  
System 2 ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Impact

 Introduction: Singapore is one of the countries with the lowest mortality rate and the best handling of COVID-19. Singapore can be an example for Indonesia on COVID 19 pandemic handling.Methods: The method used is a literature review from google platform with these keywords: “Singapore Health Policy in COVID-19, Indonesian Health Policy in COVID-19, Singapore's success in suppressing COVID-19”. The analysis was done by comparing the policies taken from the two countries in dealing with COVID-19.Results: Singapore and Indonesia did indeed have very big differences in terms of government and in broad areas, it cannot be denied that Indonesia can have the same opportunity as Singapore in providing a good health disaster mitigation system for the community. Three factors influence Singapore's success in dealing with COVID-19: 1) having a responsive and efficient health disaster mitigation system, 2) government legitimacy which is determined by the capacity of the state. Singapore has a semi-centralized government with high legitimacy the experience of dealing with pandemics in the past, 3) Singapore's experience with SARS in the past makes Singaporeans understand very well the impact of the pandemic on their economic activities and social life.Conclusion: Several things can be emulated from Singapore in handling COVID-19 was the transparency, strong communication between community and the government, prioritizing the benefit and safety of civil society and building obedience and awareness of Covid 19 prevention.

scholarly journals Pedestrian Mortality Trends In Children Over Four Decades In Transitional Lithuania

2016 ◽  
Vol 26 (5) ◽  
pp. 13-19
Author(s):  
Birutė Strukčinskienė ◽  
Robert Bauer ◽  
Sigitas Griškonis ◽  
Vaiva Strukčinskaitė
Keyword(s):  
Time Series ◽  
Young People ◽  
Road Safety ◽  
Road Traffic ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Prevention Measures ◽  
Mortality Trends ◽  
Road Users ◽  
The Impact

The aim of the study was to examine the long-term trends in pedestrian mortality for children (aged 0 to 14 years) and young people (aged 15 to 19 years) over four decades in transitional Lithuania. Methods. Road traffic fatality data were obtained from Statistics Lithuania and the Archives of Health Information Centre. Trends were analysed by linear regression using “Independence” as a slopechanging intervention in 1991 and population as a further explanatory factor in structural time series models. Results. The impact of the interventions, along with the reforms and changes related with the Independence, on pedestrian fatality trends in our time series model was found highly statistically significant for children 0 to 14 years (p<0.001) and still significant for young people 15 to 19 years (p<0.05). No significant impact on the trend of road traffic deaths was found for the “control-groups” of non-pedestrian road users in the age group 0 to 14 years and adult pedestrians (over 19 years of age). For the age group 15 to 19 years the effect of reforms was also significant for non-pedestrians (p<0.05). These results indicate that the effect of measures and changes used in the post-independence period was more specific in children that participated in road traffic as pedestrians than in adult pedestrians, or in nonpedestrian road users. Conclusions. Pedestrian deaths in Lithuania fell significantly in the age groups 0-14 and 15-19 years. A declining trend was found in road traffic fatalities and in pedestrian deaths in transitional Lithuania in the post-independence period. Socioeconomic and political transformations, systematic reforms in healthcare along with sustainable preventive measures may have contributed to this decrease. Targeted road safety measures were road traffic regulations, pedestrian education and environmentally based prevention measures. As child pedestrians are the most vulnerable group of road users, continued road safety education and promotion are recommended in order to maintain this trend, and to involve adult pedestrians in this development.

Impact of Immersion and Realism in Driving Simulator Studies

2014 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 10-25 ◽  
Author(s):  
Despina Michael ◽  
Marios Kleanthous ◽  
Marinos Savva ◽  
Smaragda Christodoulou ◽  
Maria Pampaka ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Driving Simulator ◽  
Black Spot ◽  
Road Accidents ◽  
Driving Simulators ◽  
Road Users ◽  
Black Spots ◽  
The One ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Test Scenarios ◽  
Local Road

Driving simulators emerged as a promising technology for the analysis of driving conditions and road users' behaviour in an attempt to tackle the problem of road accidents. The work presented herein demonstrates the design and development of a driving simulator that aims to contribute towards evaluating black spots in road networks by promoting rapid design of realistic models and facilitating the specification of test scenarios. A reliable driving simulator should be able to reproduce the driver's behaviour in a realistic way. In this study the authors examine different setups of the simulator to define the one that achieves highest levels of reliability. The chosen setup is then used to evaluate the impact of distractors (e.g. billboards) on driving behaviour of local road users for a chosen black spot in Limassol, Cyprus. Data collected from the experiments are analysed, and the main findings are presented and discussed.

Extending social protection to persons with disabilities: Exploring the accessibility and the impact of the Disability Fund on the lives of persons with disabilities in Ghana

2018 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. 225-245 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maxwell Peprah Opoku ◽  
William Nketsia ◽  
Elvis Agyei-Okyere ◽  
Wisdom Kwadwo Mprah
Keyword(s):  
Low Income ◽  
Social Protection ◽  
Structured Interview ◽  
Low Income Countries ◽  
Economic Activities ◽  
Persons With Disabilities ◽  
The Sustainable Development ◽  
The Government ◽  
Political Units ◽  
The Impact

In many low-income countries, persons with disabilities are consistently denied access to essential services, contributing to a high incidence of poverty among them. The Goal 1 of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) exhorts countries to develop appropriate social protection to serve as a springboard to alleviate poverty among all persons. The government of Ghana has introduced Disability Fund to provide one-off financial support to persons with disabilities through its decentralised political units. This is to enable persons with disability to participate in socio-economic activities. However, after a decade of the establishment of the fund, anecdotal evidence still shows that many persons with disabilities continue to live in deplorable conditions. Therefore, the main aim of this qualitative study was to explore the beneficial impact of the fund on the lives of persons with disabilities in Ghana. A semi-structured interview guide was used to collect data from 48 participants, comprising 20 males and 28 females with disabilities. The narratives from the participants revealed that only a few were able to access the fund. In their quest to access the fund, participants encountered barriers, such as lack of information, delays in disbursement and insufficient funds. The findings underscore the need for re-evaluation of the administration of Disability Fund and its disbursement processes. The implications of the findings for policy reform are extensively discussed.

scholarly journals Studies on the impact of the technical characteristics of local roads on road safety

2019 ◽  
Vol 262 ◽  
pp. 05006
Author(s):  
Stanisław Gaca ◽  
Mariusz Kieć
Keyword(s):  
Road Safety ◽  
Road Traffic ◽  
Road Accidents ◽  
Safety Measures ◽  
Accident Prediction ◽  
The Road ◽  
Access Road ◽  
Local Roads ◽  
On The Road ◽  
The Impact

Local roads (district roads) constitute an important part of the road network in Poland, making up around 29.7 % (124,945 km) of all public roads. In 2017, 10,578 accidents, which is 35.7% of all accidents in Poland, took place on local roads. These roads are used primarily by regular users who are very familiar with the defects of these roads. This means that the effects of the low technical standard of local roads and the insufficient number of road traffic devices on the safety on the road can be partly compensated for by the fact that drivers adjust their behaviour to the conditions on the road. This hypothesis can be verified through developing dependency models of road safety measures of local roads’ and technical characteristics. The article presents the research carried out based on regression models of accident prediction. The models were developed with the use of the data on the road surroundings arrangement (built-up areas, access), road condition and the extent of signposting, including data on speed limits and overtaking as well as risk exposure variables. Due to the incomplete data on accidents and the small number of accidents, different approaches to the modelling of the number of road accidents were applied.

scholarly journals Analysis of Factors Influencing the Density of Fatalities on National Roads in Poland

2010 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 221-234
Author(s):  
Wojciech Kustra ◽  
Kazimierz Jamroz
Keyword(s):  
Traffic Safety ◽  
Road Traffic ◽  
Road Accident ◽  
Road Accidents ◽  
Road Traffic Safety ◽  
Eu Directive ◽  
Factors Influencing ◽  
Safety Improvement ◽  
Improvement Measures ◽  
The Impact

Analysis of Factors Influencing the Density of Fatalities on National Roads in PolandIn Poland 20% of the total number of accidents occur on the national roads, which constitute 7% of the length of all roads. In the case of fatalities this share is significantly higher as it constitutes up to 36% of the total casualties. In accordance with the EU Directive (Journal of Laws EU L. 319/59) the level of road traffic safety should be raised by targeting investment on the most dangerous road sections. Finding the dependence between road and traffic factors and the number of accidents and casualties of road accidents may be helpful in predicting safety levels and selecting road traffic safety improvement measures. The paper presents the experience of other countries and preliminary tests results of the impact of the selected factors on the density and the number of road accident fatalities on the national roads in Poland.

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