scholarly journals Effect of postictal process in motor deficit and monoaminergic concentration in hippocampus, cerebellum, and cortex

Salud Mental ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 42 (5) ◽  
pp. 251-256
Author(s):  
Alberto Avila-Luna ◽  
Antonio Bueno-Nava ◽  
José Luis Cortes-Altamirano ◽  
Samuel Reyes-Long ◽  
Cindy Bandala ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Performance ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Saline Solution ◽  
Motor Behavior ◽  
Brain Structures ◽  
Motor Deficit ◽  
Motor Deficits ◽  
Male Wistar Rats ◽  
Neurochemical Changes ◽  
Experimental Group

Introduction. Systemic administration of pentylenetetrazole (PTZ) causes brain damage (BD), and triggers a series of morphological and neurochemical changes, which in turn bring about behavioral, cognitive, and motor deficits. Serotonin (5-HT), dopamine (DA), and noradrenaline (NA) levels are controlled by various brain structures and these levels are related to motor activity; however, the concentration of these neurotransmitters during the postictal process remains unknown. Objective. We investigated the concentration of 5-HT, NA and DA in the hippocampus, cerebellum, and cortex on motor deficit during the postictal stage. Method. Eighteen male Wistar rats (300 g) assigned to two groups: control (n = 9, saline solution) and experimental (n = 9, PTZ) were used. Myoclonic shakes were counted and motor behavior assessments were recorded during three hours post PTZ injection (90 mg/kg). The cortex, cerebellum, and hippocampus of each rat were dissected to determine the 5-HT, DA, and NA concentration by high performance liquid chromatography. Results. PTZ induced a significant increase in total 5-HT and DA levels in the hippocampus and cortex; in the cerebellum there was a significant increase in the concentration of 5-HT and NA. The presence of myoclonic shakes as well as a marked motor deficit in the experimental group were significantly different in comparison to the control. Discussion and conclusion. 5-HT modifies the concentration of other monoamines directly involved in motor aspects such as NA and DA in the hippocampus, cerebellum, and cortex during the postictal process.

scholarly journals Effect of glutamine ingestion on the progression of induced periodontitis: experimental study in rats

2018 ◽  
Vol 47 (2) ◽  
pp. 119-123
Author(s):  
Aurélio Rosa da SILVA JUNIOR ◽  
Alex SEMENOFF SEGUNDO ◽  
Tereza Aparecida Delle Vedove SEMENOFF ◽  
Natalino Francisco da SILVA ◽  
Cervantes CAPOROSSI
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Study ◽  
Periodontal Disease ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Saline Solution ◽  
Glutamine Supplementation ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Defense System ◽  
Male Wistar Rats ◽  
Experimental Group ◽  
System Objective

Abstract Introduction With glutamine supplementation there is better performance in the body’s defense system. Objective The aim of this study was to analyze the effect of glutamine supplementation on ligand-induced periodontal disease in rats. Material and method 48 selected male Wistar rats were divided into 4 groups (N = 12): control group (CG) including healthy animals receiving daily saline solution via gavage; glutamine group (GG) including healthy animals receiving oral glutamine supplementation by gavage at a dose of 1.5 g / kg / day; periodontitis group (PG) including animals with induced periodontal disease on both upper sides receiving daily saline solution via gavage; experimental group (EG) including animals with induced periodontal disease on both upper sides receiving daily glutamine via gavage at a dose of 1.5 g / kg / day. On the 30th day, all animals were euthanized by excess anesthetic. Result In the various analyses, the EG (116.63 ± 22.50 mm2) compared to the CG (82.32 ± 7.48 mm2) obtained a p<0.05. The PG (143.15 ± 35.24 mm2) compared to the EG group (116.63 ± 22.50 mm2 ) presented a p<0.05. The PG (143.15 ± 35.24 mm2) compared to the CG (82.32 ± 7.48 mm2) presented a p<0.05. The GG (118.09 ± 10.4 mm2) compared to the CG (82.32 ± 7.48 mm2) presented a p>0.05. Conclusion Glutamine supplementation associated with induced periodontal disease demonstrated a smaller amount of bone loss compared to the periodontitis group.

Antitumoral and Anticholinesterasic Activities of the Seven Species from Rubiaceae

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (4) ◽  
pp. 302-308 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carla R.F. Volobuff ◽  
Pedro C.O. Junior ◽  
Sidney M. dos Santos ◽  
Zefa V. Pereira ◽  
Diego C. Ferreira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Brain Structures ◽  
Acetylcholinesterase Inhibition ◽  
Mato Grosso ◽  
Male Wistar Rats ◽  
First Time ◽  
Mato Grosso Do Sul ◽  
Antiproliferative Activities ◽  
Mcf 7

Background: The genus Psychotria and Palicourea are reported as a source of alkaloids and iridoids, which exhibit biological activities. This study aimed to evaluate antiproliferative and anticholinesterase activities and quantification of the alkaloids of seven species among the genus found in Mato Grosso do Sul region in Brazil. Methods: Concentrations of alkaloids were measured spectrophotometrically. The extracts were submitted to antiproliferative activity against ten cell lines. The anticholinesterase activity of the extracts was developed using brain structures of male Wistar rats: cerebral cortex, hippocampus, hypothalamus and striatum by the Ellman method. Results: Alkaloids from Psychotria and Palicourea species were quantified which showed values of 47.6 to 21.9 µg/g. Regarding the antiproliferative potential, Palicourea crocea demonstrated selectivity against the 786-0 cell line (GI50: 22.87 µg/mL). Psychotria leiocarpa inhibited cell growth against OVCAR-3 (GI50: 3.28 µg/mL), K-562 (GI50: 5.26 µg/mL), HaCaT (GI50: 27.20 µg/mL), PC-3 (GI50: 34.92 µg/mL), MCF-7 (GI50: 35.80 µg/mL) and P. capillacea showed activity against OVCAR-3 (GI50: 2.33 µg/ml) and U251 (GI50: 16.66 µg/ml). The effect of acetylcholinesterase inhibition was more effective in the hippocampus, demonstrating inhibition for Paliourea crocea, Psychotria deflexa, P. brachybotrya and P. leiocarpa of 70%, 57%, 50% and 40%, respectively, followed by P. poeppigiana and P. capillacea, inhibiting 21%, compared to the control. Conclusion: Herein, the present work showed for the first time, anticholinesterasic and antiproliferative activities of extracts of Palicourea and Psychotria seem to be mainly associated with the levels of alkaloids in the leaves of these species.

scholarly journals Morphological alterations in the heart and aorta of rats treated with glucocorticoids

2015 ◽  
Vol 32 (04) ◽  
pp. 231-235
Author(s):  
R. Dantas ◽  
K. Souza ◽  
D. Santos ◽  
V. Feitosa ◽  
E. Fioretto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Histological Analysis ◽  
Saline Solution ◽  
Morphological Changes ◽  
Morphological Structure ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Morphological Alterations ◽  
Heart Chamber ◽  
Male Wistar Rats ◽  
Synthetic Glucocorticoid

Abstract Introduction: The objective of this study was to analyze the morphological structure of the heart and aorta of rats treated with the synthetic glucocorticoid dexamethasone. Material and Methods: Male Wistar rats were divided into two groups: 08 control rats undergoing treatment with a 0.9% saline solution for 10 days and 08 rats treated for 10 days with dexamethasone (2mg/kg animal weight). Results: Histological analysis detected a mild cardiac hypertrophy and 15% reduction of collagen located in the aorta of animals treated with glucocorticoid when compared to the control group. Conclusion: We conclude that treatment with dexamethasone for a period of 10 consecutive days is able to promote morphological changes in the structure of the heart chamber and, impair morphological structure of aorta.

scholarly journals Efficacy of Immobilized Prolonged Ammonium Antiseptics in Treatment of Purulent Wounds

2017 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 269-276
Author(s):  
B S Sukovatykh ◽  
A Y Grigoryan ◽  
A I Bezhin ◽  
T A Pankrusheva ◽  
Yu Yu Blinkov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sodium Salt ◽  
Group Treatment ◽  
Benzalkonium Chloride ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Microbial Contamination ◽  
Comparison Group ◽  
Wound Area ◽  
Purulent Wounds ◽  
Male Wistar Rats ◽  
Experimental Group

Relevance. Purulent complications occur in 35-45% of patients with surgical diseases, lethality rate from these conditions achieves 25%. The purpose of the study. To investigate the wound process while treating the purulent wounds with immobilized forms of miramistin and benzalkonium chloride in gel of sodium salt of carboxymetylcellulose. Materials and methods. There were analysed results of experimental study of the wound process on 108 male Wistar rats. Experimental animals were divided into 3 groups, each group included 36 rats. In a comparison group ‘Levomekol’ ointment was used for treatment. In the first experimental group treatment was done by the ointment with the following composition: 0,01% solution of miramistin — 100 g, metronidazol –1,0 g, sodium salt of carboxymetylcellulose — 4,0 g, while in the second experimental group ointment composition included benzalkonium chloride 0,02 g, metronidazol — 1,0 g, sodium salt of carboxymetylcellulose — 4,0 g, purified water — up to 100,0 g. The wound process was evaluated by planimetric, microbiological and histological methods of investigation. Results and its discussion. The reduction of wound area in the first experimental group was higher than in a comparison group on the 3rd day of the experiment by 9,7%, on the 5th day — by 7,6%, on the 10th and 15th days — by 10,5%, while in the second experimental group the change was 37,2%, 27,3%, 13,8% and 6,9% respectively. In the first experimental group microbial contamination of the wound was less than in a comparison group by 5,8х106, on the 5th day — by 3,1х105, on the 10th day — by 6,1х104, while in the second experimental group on the 3rd day there were no differences, on the 5th day — by 6,3х105, on the 10th day — 1,1х104. Histological investigations of the wound biopsies on the 10th day of experiment showed that in a comparison group the bottom of the wound was covered by granulation tissue without signs of epithelization, there was full coverage of the wound with a newly formed epithelium in experimental groups. Conclusions. The use of prolonged quaternary ammonium antiseptics in treatment of purulent wounds is pathogenetically justified and efficient.

scholarly journals Experimental induction of steatosis in different tissues after the ingestion of a carbohydrate-rich diet: effect on the liver, on the heart and on indicators of oxidation

2010 ◽  
Vol 47 (4) ◽  
pp. 388-392 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nadia Juliana Beraldo Goulart Borges Haubert ◽  
Gilberto João Padovan ◽  
Sérgio Zucoloto ◽  
Hélio Vannucchi ◽  
Julio Sergio Marchini
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin E ◽  
Adult Male ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Reduced Glutathione ◽  
Fat Deposition ◽  
Male Wistar Rats ◽  
Hepatic Fat ◽  
Lipid Vacuoles ◽  
Animal House ◽  
Experimental Group

CONTEXT: The western dietary pattern is characterized by a high calorie intake with a high proportion of simple sugars. This diet is associated with comorbidities such as hepatic fat deposition and is possibly related to non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the capacity of a hyperglucidic diet to induce steatosis in adult male Wistar rats. After the administration of a carbohydrate-rich diet, we also evaluated the presence of hepatic and cardiac steatosis and the levels of intrinsic antioxidants in the liver. METHODS: Forty-six eutrophic adult male Wistar rats were used and 10 of them were chosen, at random, to serve as controls, while the remaining ones formed the experimental group. Control animals received the standard ration offered by the animal house and the experimental group received the hyperglucidic diet. The diets were offered for 21 days and, at the end of this period, tissue samples were collected for analysis of indicators of oxidative stress (malondialdehyde, and reduced glutathione) and of vitamin E. The animals were then sacrificed by decapitation and their viscera were removed for analysis of liver and heart fat. RESULTS: The hyperglucidic diet used induced hepatic fat deposition, with lipid vacuoles being detected in 83% of the livers analyzed by histology. No lipid vacuoles were observed in the heart. Malondialdehyde and reduced glutathione levels remained unchanged when the animals were submitted to the hyperglucidic diet, probably because there was no liver development of fibrosis or inflammation. In contrast, the levels of vitamin E (antioxidant) were reduced, as confirmed in the literature for steatotic animals. CONCLUSION: The hyperglucidic diet induced hepatic steatosis. In the heart there was an increase in fat content, although no histological changes were observed. These alterations cannot be explained by the presence of malondialdehyde or reduced glutathione (indicators of oxidation), since the values were similar in the groups studied. However, a significant reduction of vitamin E was observed in the experimental group.

scholarly journals Carbamazepine does not alter the intrinsic cardiac function in rats with epilepsy

2010 ◽  
Vol 68 (4) ◽  
pp. 573-578 ◽  
Author(s):  
Diego B Colugnati ◽  
Ricardo M Arida ◽  
Roberta M Cysneiros ◽  
Vera C Terra ◽  
Eliza Y.F Sonoda ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Saline Solution ◽  
Ex Vivo ◽  
Sudden Unexpected Death ◽  
Control Groups ◽  
Unexpected Death ◽  
Daily Dose ◽  
Male Wistar Rats

Among the causes for sudden unexpected death (SUDEP) in epilepsy, the effects of antiepileptic drugs on the heart have been poorly explored. Based on this, the aim of our study was to evaluate the heart rate (in vivo and isolated ex vivo) and ventricular pressure (isolated ex vivo) of rats with and without epilepsy treated with carbamazepine. Four groups of adult, male Wistar rats (200-250 g) were studied: [A] control rats (n=8), received neither pilocarpine nor carbamazepine [B] carbamazepine-treated rats (n=8), received a daily dose of 120 mg/Kg, i.p. of carbamazepine for two weeks; [C] rats with epilepsy that received just saline solution (n=8); [D] rats with epilepsy that received a daily dose of 120 mg/Kg, i.p. of carbamazepine for two weeks (n=8). Our results showed significant increase in heart rate in animals with epilepsy (with and without the use of carbamazepine) when compared to the control groups in vivo. In contrast, we did not find differences during isolated ex vivo experiments comparing animals with and without epilepsy and despite the use of carbamazepine. Our results suggest that, in isolation, carbamazepine may not be a potential risk factor for sudden unexpected death in epilepsy.

scholarly journals Pleurodesis Induction in Rats by Copaiba (Copaifera multijugaHayne) Oil

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Fernando Luiz Westphal ◽  
Mauro Canzian ◽  
Fabio Alessandro Pieri ◽  
Alfredo Coimbra Reichl ◽  
Paulo Manuel Pêgo-Fernandes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Silver Nitrate ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Saline Solution ◽  
Pleural Cavity ◽  
Nitrate Group ◽  
Copaiba Oil ◽  
Male Wistar Rats ◽  
Pulmonary Parenchyma ◽  
The Right ◽  
Alveolar Edema

This study aims to assess and compare copaiba oleoresin ofCopaifera multijugaand 0.5% silver nitrate for the induction of pleurodesis in an experimental model. Ninety-six male Wistar rats were divided into three groups: control (0.9% saline solution), copaiba (copaiba oil), and silver nitrate (0.5% silver nitrate). The substances were injected into the right pleural cavity and the alterations were observed macroscopically and microscopically at 24, 48, 72, and 504 h. The value of macroscopic alterations grade and acute inflammatory reaction grade means was higher in the 24 h copaiba group in relation to silver nitrate. Fibrosis and neovascularization means in the visceral pleura were higher in 504 h copaiba group in relation to the silver nitrate group. The grade of the alveolar edema mean was higher in the silver nitrate group in relation to the copaiba group, in which this alteration was not observed. The presence of bronchopneumonia was higher in the 24 h silver nitrate group (n = 4) in relation to the copaiba group (n = 0). In conclusion, both groups promoted pleurodesis, with better results in copaiba group and the silver nitrate group presented greater aggression to the pulmonary parenchyma.

Influence of acetaminophen consumption and exercise on Achilles tendon structural properties in male Wistar rats

2012 ◽  
Vol 302 (8) ◽  
pp. R990-R995 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chad C. Carroll ◽  
Jamie A. Whitt ◽  
Amity Peterson ◽  
Brian S. Gump ◽  
Jamie Tedeschi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Achilles Tendon ◽  
Water Content ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Collagen Content ◽  
Cross Linking ◽  
Tissue Water ◽  
Tendon Stiffness ◽  
Main Effect ◽  
Male Wistar Rats

Chronic consumption of acetaminophen (APAP) during exercise training leads to a reduction in tendon stiffness and modulus compared with a placebo. We explored whether this effect could be due to a reduction in tendon collagen content or cross-linking. Ten-week-old male Wistar rats ( n = 50) were divided into placebo or APAP groups and into sedentary or treadmill-exercised groups. APAP (200 mg/kg) or saline was administered once daily by oral gavage. Rats in the exercise groups ran on a treadmill 5 days per week for 8 wk with progression to 60 min per day, 20 m/min, and 8° incline. After 8 wk, lyophilized Achilles tendon samples were assayed for the collagen-specific amino acid hydroxyproline and cross-linking [hydroxylyslpyridinoline (HP)] content by high-performance liquid chromatrography. Collagen content was not influenced by exercise or APAP ( P > 0.05). Compared with placebo, tendon water content was 7% ( P = 0.006, main effect) lower in animals consuming APAP (placebo: 54.79 ± 0.8%, APAP: 50.89 ± 1.2%). HP in the Achilles tendon was 36% greater (sedentary: 141 ± 15, exercise: 204 ± 26 mmol/mol collagen) in the exercise-trained rats independent of drug treatment ( P = 0.020, main effect). Independent of exercise, HP content was 33% lower ( P = 0.032, main effect) in the animals consuming APAP (placebo: 195 ± 21, APAP: 140 ± 19 mmol/mol collagen). Our data suggests that chronic consumption of APAP results in a reduction in collagen cross-linking and a loss of tissue water independent of chronic exercise. This reduction in cross-linking and water content could contribute to the decrease in tendon stiffness noted in humans chronically consuming APAP.

Effect of Strychnine Sulfate on Locomotor Activity

1965 ◽  
Vol 20 (3_suppl) ◽  
pp. 1049-1053 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert G. Gibby ◽  
Robert G. Gibby ◽  
George B. Kish ◽  
George C. Theologus
Keyword(s):  
Locomotor Activity ◽  
Open Field ◽  
Exploratory Behavior ◽  
Normal Saline ◽  
Behavioral Change ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Spontaneous Locomotor Activity ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Male Wistar Rats ◽  
Experimental Group

The effect of strychnine sulfate upon spontaneous locomotor activity in an open field was determined for 20 naive male Wistar rats. The experimental Ss were injected ip with 1.0 cc/kg of a 01% solution of strychnine sulfate in normal saline and the control Ss received a similar injection of 1.0 cc/kg of normal saline. All Ss were given 2 trials 7 days apart in the open field, with the injections preceding the second trial. The behavioral change from Trial 1 to Trial 2 for the control group was compared with that for the experimental group. Strychnine sulfate significantly reduced spontaneous locomotor activity in rats. A significant correlation was found between scores on the first and second trials of the experimental Ss. It was suggested that the concept of “orienting-exploratory behavior” could account for reduced locomotor activity.

scholarly journals Changes of intestinal microbiota and ivabradine biotransformation in rats after alcohol introduction

2017 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 47-51
Author(s):  
Boris Evgenyevich Tolkachev ◽  
Evgeny Igorevich Morkovin ◽  
Liliya Petrovna Knyshova ◽  
Anatoly Trofimovich Yakovlev ◽  
Andrey Valeryevich Strygin
Keyword(s):  
Intestinal Microbiota ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Alcohol Intake ◽  
Chronic Alcohol ◽  
Toxic Agent ◽  
Intestinal Dysbiosis ◽  
Cyp3a4 Substrate ◽  
Male Wistar Rats ◽  
Experimental Group

The role of intestinal microbiota in progress of many pathological processes is discussed in recent publications. It was shown that the continuous intestinal dysbiosis, including the increased bacterial growth syndrome, affects the digestion and the biotransformation of xenobiotics. Intestinal microbiota provokes metabolic failures leading to severe diseases acting via several mechanisms. Alcohol is found to be a common dysbiotic factor and toxic agent affecting the systems of biotransformation. This study was to estimate the associations between the intestinal microbiota and the biotransformation of ivabradine, CYP3A4 substrate, in rats during the chronic alcohol intake. The study used 30 male Wistar rats divided into two groups - control and experimental, administrated 15% ethanol as a sole water supply during 40 days to model the chronic alcohol intake. The decrease of bifido- and lactobacterium spp. found in experimental group correlated with excretion and metabolic ratio of ivabradine metabolite and ivabradine in urine. These findings demonstrate the participation of intestinal microbiota in the metabolism of ivabradine after oral introduction.

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