scholarly journals Distributed-lag Linear Structural Equation Models in R: the dlsem Package

2019 ◽  
Vol 48 (2) ◽  
pp. 14-42 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alessandro Magrini
Keyword(s):  
Structural Equation ◽  
Structural Equation Models ◽  
Joint Probability ◽  
Joint Probability Distribution ◽  
Multidimensional System ◽  
Distributed Lag ◽  
Real World Application ◽  
Multiple Dimensions ◽  
The Impact ◽  
External Impulse

In this paper, an extension of linear Markovian structural causal models is introduced,called distributed-lag linear structural equation models (DLSEMs),where each factor of the joint probability distribution is adistributed-lag linear regression with constrained lag shapes.DLSEMs account for temporal delays in the dependence relationshipsamong the variables and allow to assess dynamic causal effects.As such, they represent a suitable methodology to investigate the effectof an external impulse on a multidimensional system through time.In this paper, we present the dlsem package for Rimplementing inference functionalities for DLSEMs.The use of the package is illustrated through an example on simulated dataand a real-world application aiming at assessing the impact of agriculturalresearch expenditure on multiple dimensions in Europe.

scholarly journals Assessing the Impact of Multi-Morbidity and Related Constructs on Patient Reported Safety in Primary Care: Generalized Structural Equation Modelling of Observational Data

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (8) ◽  
pp. 1782
Author(s):  
Ignacio Ricci-Cabello ◽  
Aina María Yañez-Juan ◽  
Maria A. Fiol-deRoque ◽  
Alfonso Leiva ◽  
Joan Llobera Canaves ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Primary Care ◽  
Patient Safety ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Structural Equation Models ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Morbidity Burden ◽  
Patient Reported ◽  
Patient Complexity ◽  
Complex Relationships ◽  
The Impact

We aimed to examine the complex relationships between patient safety processes and outcomes and multimorbidity using a comprehensive set of constructs: multimorbidity, polypharmacy, discordant comorbidity (diseases not sharing either pathogenesis nor management), morbidity burden and patient complexity. We used cross-sectional data from 4782 patients in 69 primary care centres in Spain. We constructed generalized structural equation models to examine the associations between multimorbidity constructs and patient-reported patient safety (PREOS-PC questionnaire). These associations were modelled through direct and indirect (mediated by increased interactions with healthcare) pathways. For women, a consistent association between higher levels of the multimorbidity constructs and lower levels of patient safety was observed via either pathway. The findings for men replicated these observations for polypharmacy, morbidity burden and patient complexity via indirect pathways. However, direct pathways showed unexpected associations between higher levels of multimorbidity and better safety. The consistent association between multimorbidity constructs and worse patient safety among women makes it advisable to target this group for the development of interventions, with particular attention to the role of comorbidity discordance. Further research, particularly qualitative research, is needed for clarifying the complex associations among men.

Considering the Impact of Early Trauma on Coping and Pathology to Predict Posttraumatic Growth Among 9-1-1 Telecommunicators

2017 ◽  
Vol 35 (21-22) ◽  
pp. 4709-4731 ◽  
Author(s):  
Melissa J. London ◽  
Mary C. Mercer ◽  
Michelle M. Lilly
Keyword(s):  
Posttraumatic Growth ◽  
Childhood Trauma ◽  
Indirect Effect ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Structural Equation Models ◽  
Trauma Exposure ◽  
First Responders ◽  
Lifetime Trauma ◽  
Early Trauma ◽  
The Impact

Recent research has demonstrated that first responders may report posttraumatic growth (PTG), positive psychological changes that arise in the aftermath of a trauma. Less is known regarding the perception of PTG among 9-1-1 telecommunicators, a group of first responders exposed to a high degree of lifetime trauma, including duty-related trauma as well as early and non-duty-related trauma. Moreover, the impact of childhood trauma on the processes involved in the perception of growth is less clear. While some distress is needed to facilitate processes that lead to the perception of PTG, it has been suggested that positive associations between PTG and pathology reflect avoidant coping or represent an illusory component of PTG. Structural equation models were used to examine early trauma exposure, coping, and pathology in predicting PTG among 9-1-1 telecommunicators ( N = 788). In separate models using active and avoidant forms of coping, childhood trauma exposure had an indirect effect on PTG through coping. In a model considering both forms of coping, childhood trauma had an indirect effect on PTG through psychopathology, but not through coping. The results show that early trauma exposure leads to the perception of growth through pathways indicative of both adaptive and maladaptive coping processes.

scholarly journals Effects of herbivory and its timing on reproductive success of a tropical deciduous tree

2020 ◽  
Vol 126 (5) ◽  
pp. 957-969
Author(s):  
Enya N Quiroz-Pacheco ◽  
Francisco Mora ◽  
Karina Boege ◽  
César A Domínguez ◽  
Ek del-Val
Keyword(s):  
Reproductive Success ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Structural Equation Models ◽  
Pollen Grains ◽  
Leaf Damage ◽  
Deciduous Tree ◽  
Herbivore Damage ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Foliar Damage ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Background and Aims The implications of herbivory for plant reproduction have been widely studied; however, the relationship of defoliation and reproductive success is not linear, as there are many interacting factors that may influence reproductive responses to herbivore damage. In this study we aimed to disentangle how the timing of foliar damage impacts both male and female components of fitness, and to assess when it has greater impacts on plant reproductive success. Methods We measured herbivore damage and its effects on floral production, male and female floral attributes as well as fruit yield in three different phenological phases of Casearia nitida (Salicaceae) over the course of two consecutive years. Then we tested two models of multiple causal links among herbivory and reproductive success using piecewise structural equation models. Key Results The effects of leaf damage differed between reproductive seasons and between male and female components of fitness. Moreover, the impact of herbivory extended beyond the year when it was exerted. The previous season’s cumulated foliar damage had the largest impact on reproductive characters, in particular a negative effect on the numbers of inflorescences, flowers and pollen grains, indirectly affecting the numbers of infructescences and fruits, and a positive one on the amount of foliar damage during flowering. Conclusions For perennial and proleptic species, the dynamics of resource acquisition and allocation patterns for reproduction promote and extend the effects of herbivore damage to longer periods than a single reproductive event and growing season, through the interactions among different components of female and male fitness.

scholarly journals Sustainable Banking and Bank Performance

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 169
Author(s):  
Lilik Handajani ◽  
Akram Akram ◽  
Ahmad Rifai
Keyword(s):  
Structural Equation ◽  
Structural Equation Models ◽  
Stock Exchange ◽  
Bank Performance ◽  
Business Practices ◽  
Stakeholder Groups ◽  
Nonfinancial Performance ◽  
Banking Business ◽  
Sustainability Reports ◽  
The Impact

This research aims to examine the impact of sustainable banking practices and bank characteristics on bank performance. Structural equation models were used to analyze 11 banks listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange that published sustainability reports consistently during the periods of 2015–2018. Results indicate that while the internalization of sustainability issues in banking business practices does not have a significant impact on bank performance, the characteristics of a bank, which are reflected by institutional and foreign ownership and bank age, have a significant effect on bank financial and nonfinancial performance. The implications of sustainable banking practices are indicated to gain legitimacy from regulators for the existence of financial entities and meet stakeholder expectations, which in practice require trade-off of interests among stakeholder groups. Keywords:  sustainable banking, bank performance,  bank characteristic

scholarly journals Patient Engagement in Health Management as a Mediator Between Perceived Risk and COVID-19 Related Distress in Patients With IBD: A Structural Equation Model

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Greta Castellini ◽  
Lorenzo Palamenghi ◽  
Mariarosaria Savarese ◽  
Serena Barello ◽  
Salvatore Leone ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Psychological Distress ◽  
Perceived Stress ◽  
Patient Engagement ◽  
Perceived Risk ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Structural Equation Models ◽  
Health Management ◽  
Equation Model ◽  
Online Questionnaire ◽  
The Impact

Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the impact of the COVID-19 emergency on patients with IBD's psychological distress, understanding the role of patient engagement as a mediator.Methods: An online questionnaire was created, measuring perceived risk susceptibility toward COVID-19, perceived stress, and patient engagement. The questionnaire was distributed to a purposive sample of IBD patients who belonged to the Italian Association for patients with IBD (AMICI Onlus) in April 2020. Structural equation models were implemented.Results: The effect of the perceived risk susceptibility toward COVID-19 contagion on the perceived stress is fully mediated by patient engagement (β = 0.306, p < 0.001). Moreover, the patient engagement mitigates the perceived stress (β = −0.748, p < 0.001) in our sample of IBD patients, and it is negatively influenced by the perceived risk susceptibility toward COVID-19 (β = −0.410, p < 0.001).Conclusion: Patient engagement is the key factor that explains how the perceived risk susceptibility toward COVID-19 affects the perceived psychological distress in patients with IBD, underlining that the perceived risk of contagion increases their perceived level of stress through a decrease of patient engagement.

scholarly journals An Empirical Analysis of the Impact of Agency Banking on Financial Inclusion in Benue State, Nigeria: Implications for Economic Activities

2022 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 75
Author(s):  
David Terfa Akighir ◽  
Tyagher Margaret ◽  
Jacob Terungwa Tyagher ◽  
Tordue Emmanuel Kpoghul
Keyword(s):  
Financial Literacy ◽  
Financial Services ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Structural Equation Models ◽  
Survey Design ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
The State ◽  
Financial Inclusion ◽  
Economic Activities ◽  
The Impact

Twelve (12) out of the Twenty-three (23) local government areas (LGAs) in Benue State do not have the presence of banks over a long period of time. This situation has deprived the inhabitants of these LGAs of access to formal financial services until the advent of agency banking. This study therefore, investigates the impact of agency banking on financial inclusion and economic activities in Benue State focusing on the agency banking activities of First Bank Ltd. The study is anchored on the agency theory and it used a survey design. The study has utilized both primary and secondary data that were analyzed using descriptive statistical tools and structural equation models. Findings of the study have revealed that agency banking activities of First Bank Ltd have immensely enhanced financial inclusion and economic activities in Benue State. However, challenges such as shortages of cash, security problems, network failures, and lack of financial literacy are militating against the smooth operations of the agency banking in the State. On the basis of these findings, the study has recommended among others that, other banks operating in the State should be encouraged to venture into agency banking in the state so as to have a wider coverage of agency banking in the State. Also, government should provide security and partner with the private sector to provide national carrier communication network system to overcome the network failure challenge. Finally, banks should intensify efforts to educate the masses about the validity and potency of agency banking.

The Impact of Inertia as Mediator and Antecedent on Consumer Loyalty and Continuance Intention

2018 ◽  
pp. 960-981 ◽  
Author(s):  
Donald Louis Amoroso ◽  
Pajaree Ackaradejruangsri ◽  
Ricardo A. Lim
Keyword(s):  
Information Systems ◽  
Relationship Marketing ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Structural Equation Models ◽  
Explanatory Power ◽  
Consumer Attitudes ◽  
Consumer Loyalty ◽  
Direct Effects ◽  
Continuance Intention ◽  
The Impact

This study builds on existing loyalty literature and theories, and extends to include consumer attitudes impact on continuous intention and loyalty based on relationship marketing and information systems. Three structural equation models built from a survey of 458 mobile Thai consumers revealed that inertia was the strongest factor among all constructs in predicting consumer loyalty and continuance intention, either as mediator or antecedent. Support was found for all of the hypothesized relationships for consumers using mobile wallet apps, except for the path between loyalty and continuance intention. Though the direct effects of consumer attitudes were more or less constant, satisfaction became insignificant when inertia acted as a mediator. As an antecedent to both consumer attitudes and satisfaction, inertia significantly increased the explanatory power of continuance intention and loyalty. This study provides new insights into factors that influence loyalty and continuance intention in the context of mobile wallet applications.

scholarly journals Service encounter microblog word of mouth and its impact on firm reputation

2020 ◽  
Vol 34 (5) ◽  
pp. 717-733
Author(s):  
Jennifer Brannon Barhorst ◽  
Alan Wilson ◽  
Graeme James McLean ◽  
Joshua Brooks
Keyword(s):  
Structural Equation ◽  
Word Of Mouth ◽  
Structural Equation Models ◽  
Service Encounter ◽  
Service Encounters ◽  
Firm Reputation ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Negative Valence ◽  
Positive And Negative Valence ◽  
The Impact

Purpose It has now become a normal part of the consumption journey for consumers to share their positive and negative service encounters with firms on microblogs such as Twitter. There is, however, a limited amount of research on service encounter microblog word of mouth (SEMWOM) and its impact on firm reputation from a receiver’s perspective. This study aims to understand the comparative effects of positive and negative valence SEMWOM on receivers’ perceptions of firms’ reputations and the factors that are particularly salient to receivers’ perceptions of firm reputation upon exposure to SEMWOM. Design/methodology/approach An experiment exposed 372 Twitter users to positive and negative valence SEMWOM. To determine whether changes in perception of firm reputation occurred on exposure to both positive and negative valence SEMWOM, participants’ perceptions of a range of US airlines were measured before and after exposure to the SEMWOM. To confirm the factors that influence the perception of reputation on such exposure, six structural equation models were created to determine the comparative effects of positive and negative valence SEMWOM among three electronic WOM media as follows: video, photo and text. Findings Both positive and negative valence SEMWOM affect receivers’ perceptions of airlines’ reputations on exposure. Furthermore, the factors that influence perceptions of reputation on exposure to SEMWOM vary depending on valence and type of media contained in a tweet. Originality/value Although consumers now routinely share their positive and negative service encounters with brands on microblogs, scant research has examined receivers of positive and negative valence SEMWOM, important actors in the microblog domain. This study addresses this research gap by empirically investigating the impact of both positive and negative valence SEMWOM on receivers’ perceptions of firm reputation upon exposure to it.

scholarly journals Impact of acculturation and psychological adjustment on mental health among migrant adolescents in Guangzhou, China: a cross-sectional questionnaire study

BMJ Open ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. e022712 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lishuo Shi ◽  
Wen Chen ◽  
Jennifer Huang Bouey ◽  
Yanwei Lin ◽  
Li Ling
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Social Interaction ◽  
Psychological Adjustment ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Structural Equation Models ◽  
Questionnaire Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Internal Migrant ◽  
Migrant Adolescents ◽  
The Impact

ObjectivesThe aim of this study was to examine the pathway and associations among acculturation (ie, language, social interaction and lifestyle), psychological adjustment and mental health of internal migrant adolescents in China.DesignCross-sectional questionnaire study.SettingSix private migrant junior high schools located in Tianhe and Baiyun districts in Guangzhou were chosen as the study sites.ParticipantsA total of 1122 migrant adolescents aged 11–17 years old completed the study.Main outcome measuresMental health was measured by using the Social Anxiety Scale for Children (SASC) and major depression disorder (MDD) in a Brief Child and Family Phone Interview. Acculturation and psychological adjustment were measured by a self-designed and verified questionnaire. Multiple regression models and structural equation models were performed to analyse the association among acculturation, psychological adjustment and mental health while controlling for participant demographic characteristics.ResultsThe average MDD score for boys was 8.78 (SD=2.17) and for girls was 8.56 (SD=2.22), while the average SASC score for boys was 14.67 (SD=3.72) and for girls was 13.41 (SD=4.01). Psychological adjustment had a direct positive effect on MDD (p<0.001, β=0.30) and SASC (p<0.001, β=0.28), and it was the key variable fully mediating the impact of acculturation components on MDD and partly mediating the impact of acculturation on SASC, whereas lifestyle showed a direct negative effect (p=0.003, β=−0.17) on SASC. Of the three acculturation components, lifestyle had the strongest influence on psychological adjustment (p<0.001, β=0.37 and 0.51), followed by social interaction (p<0.001, β=0.24 and 0.13) and language (p<0.001, β=0.17 and 0.11).ConclusionsThe association between acculturation and the mental health of internal migrant adolescents was complex and could be mediated by psychological adjustment. Interventions such as promoting local language and social interaction are needed to enhance psychological adjustment and further improve the mental health of migrant adolescents.

scholarly journals The Impacts of Earnings Quality on Dividend Policy of Listed Enterprises in Vietnam

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 200
Author(s):  
Dau Hoang Hung ◽  
Dang Ngoc Hung ◽  
Nguyen Viet Ha ◽  
Vu Thi Thuy Van
Keyword(s):  
Structural Equation ◽  
Dividend Policy ◽  
Earnings Quality ◽  
Positive Influence ◽  
Equation Modeling ◽  
Earnings Persistence ◽  
Research Results ◽  
Intermediate Variable ◽  
Multiple Dimensions ◽  
The Impact

The paper examines the impact of earnings quality (EQ) on the dividend policy of enterprises in Vietnam. We consider the EQ in terms of multiple dimensions such as accruals quality, earnings persistence, revelance and timeliness of earning information. The study uses regression method according to Structural Equation Modeling (SEM), with EQ as an intermediate variable, data collected at enterprises listed on the stock market in Vietnam in the period of 2010 - 2018, with 4541 observations. The research results have found that EQ has a positive influence on dividend policy on all aspects of EQ. The empirical research results are a useful basis to help enterprises improve EQ, thereby helping business in implementing appropriate dividend policy.

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