scholarly journals Evolution stages of the spatial urban development

2016 ◽  
pp. 61-66
Author(s):  
Yu. Stebletska
Keyword(s):  
Urban Planning ◽  
Urban Development ◽  
Urban Space ◽  
Urban Form ◽  
Social Geography ◽  
Metropolitan Region ◽  
Industrial City ◽  
Industrial Age ◽  
Post Industrial ◽  
The Impact

The factors influencing the change of urban space were considered. Key stages of urban geohistory were emphasized and in accordance with that the main historical types of cities were grouped. Each evolution stage of the spatial urban development was in detail analyzed. The main features, processes, and superior system of settlement for all historical types of cities were defined. Outstanding characteristics of all historical types of cities of all ages were determined and described. A table for features of historical types of cities on key indicators was designed. A decisive influence of economic systems on urban form and its social geography was defined. The influence of the transition of settlements from the early preindustrial economy to the classical industrial city through a capitalist economy, and later to modern approaches and trends in the so-called theory of “post-industrial” city through research of urban geohistory was traced. The way of decay of urban planning of preindustrial age from the rigidly regulated by the state, however well-ordered and well-thought-out planning on the basis of an orthogonal grid in ancient cities, to the spontaneous and disordered development in the Middle Ages, when the core of the city was the fortress and monastery, was studied. Typicality of the cities of the industrial age of the return from the uncontrolled growth, when the decisive role was played by differentiated rents for land in the early models of the industrial city, to the functional zoning in the age of modernism was defined. Urban planning in the post-industrial age in terms of the traditional city through the global processes of urbanization, which create new socio-spatial forms of settlements (metropolitan region, multicentered metropolitan regions) were described. The impact of globalization on the urban space and on creation of new forms of urban settlements was considered. Social and economic features that indicate the development of postmodern metropolis were considered.

scholarly journals Rethinking the Impact of Urban Form in Sustainable Urban Planning Policy

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 325
Author(s):  
Séverine Hermand ◽  
Monica García Quesada
Keyword(s):  
Urban Planning ◽  
Urban Development ◽  
Political Institutions ◽  
Urban Form ◽  
Policy Development ◽  
The Sustainable Development ◽  
Capital Region ◽  
Management Plans ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The City

This paper examines how urban form affects the sustainable development of cities. It look at the case of Brussels, a city and a region with a very distinctive position in Belgium and in Europe, where public and political institutions have developed together detailed management plans to ensure the responsible management of the city in environment, social and economic terms. The paper first examines the concept of urban form and its constituent features. It then analyses two main questions: How can urban form indicators be integrated in decision-making process for sustainable urban planning? What urban development priorities are in place in Brussels-Capital Region and how do they impact the urban form development of the city? By proposing an analysis on the notion of urban form in Brussels-Capital Region, this paper intends to equip designers and decision makers with a better overview the type of city environmental strategies that can be deployed in the early stages of urban development projects. Keywords: Urban form, Density, Polycentric, Brussels-Capital Region, Policy development

scholarly journals How Does Polycentric Urban Form Affect Urban Commuting? Quantitative Measurement Using Geographical Big Data of 100 Cities in China

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. 4566 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaoyan Li ◽  
Yanchuan Mou ◽  
Huiying Wang ◽  
Chaohui Yin ◽  
Qingsong He
Keyword(s):  
Big Data ◽  
Urban Space ◽  
Urban Form ◽  
Policy Formulation ◽  
Spatial Form ◽  
Ct Number ◽  
Main Research ◽  
Healthy Development ◽  
High Degree ◽  
The Impact

The relationship between polycentric urban form and urban commuting has been widely debated in Western academic circles. However, qualitative and quantitative studies have not reached a unified conclusion. The evolution of urban form in China is remarkably different from that of developed Western countries. Many Chinese cities have begun using polycentric structures as their future development strategies. This study quantitatively measures whether polycentric urban form can improve commuting efficiency in China by using traditional statistics and emerging geographic big data. We use the polycentric index (PI) as the dependent variable and the congestion delay index (CDI) and mean traffic speed (MTS) as the main independent variables. Control variables include urban morphological space compactness (CT), number of private cars per thousand people (PC), number of buses per thousand (PB), urban road area per capita (PUA) and urban population density (PD). Regression models are employed to detect the relationships among the variables. The main research conclusions are as follows: (1) A high degree of PI results in low CDI and fast MTS; (2) a compact spatial form increases the impact of polycentricity on commuting efficiency; (3) maturity road infrastructure is an important measure to promote urban commuting under a polycentric urban form; and (4) the order of effect magnitude of polycentricity on MTS is PD > PC > CT > PUA > PB; on CDI, PD > PC > PB > CT > PUA. The results can be used in examining whether the current polycentric urban pattern planning in China’s cities can effectively improve commuting efficiency. They also provide a reference for the healthy development of China’s urban space and policy formulation of subsequent urban planning.

scholarly journals ІМПУЛЬСНЕ МОДЕЛЮВАННЯ УРБАНІЗОВАНИХ ТЕРИТОРІЙ ЯК ФАКТОР ПЕРЕХОДУ ДО ЕТАПУ ПОСТ-ІНДУСТРІАЛЬНОГО МІСТОБУДУВАННЯ

World Science ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (7(35)) ◽  
pp. 23-30
Author(s):  
Павлів А. П.
Keyword(s):  
Urban Development ◽  
21St Century ◽  
Gradual Change ◽  
Modern Approach ◽  
Industrial City ◽  
Current State ◽  
Scientific Approach ◽  
Urban Discourse ◽  
Post Industrial ◽  
The Given

The article studies the problem of a gradual change in the direction of urban discourse under the influence of critical re-considering of the heritage in modernists projecting and the range of social and technological initiatives implemented on the verge of 21st century. One of the features that characterizes the modern approach to urban development is a diversity of the material, dedicated to the evolution of urbanism in the 21st century (which deals with various forms of its perspective and retrospective). Such scope of data rises a lot of questions about the development of a certain system of its analysis regarding the balance of dominating topics and tasks. The given article studies main directions of scientific approach to the current state and perspective ways of urban evolution, based mainly on the potential incorporated in the traditional industrial urban development to reflect the phenomena and changes of a post-industrial city.

scholarly journals Urban water bodies as the basis for functioning of public spaces

2020 ◽  
Vol 217 ◽  
pp. 02005
Author(s):  
Valentina Kurochkina
Keyword(s):  
Urban Planning ◽  
Urban Environment ◽  
Urban Space ◽  
Public Spaces ◽  
Water Bodies ◽  
High Rate ◽  
The Creation ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The City

Recently, housing construction in cities has been carried out at a high rate. Increasingly, urban abandoned and flooded depressive spaces near water bodies (often rivers), which were previously used as industrial facilities or temporarily used, are becoming the sphere of architectural and landscape transformations. The restoration of such territories helps to improve the quality of urban space and improve its ecological properties. Correct development of territories near rivers and various water bodies has a great health-improving effect on the urban environment, improves its natural and climatic conditions. In addition, social and economic factors play an important role in this process, since such transformed territories and territories adjacent to them significantly increase investment attractiveness. This paper examines modern approaches to the development of urban public spaces, based on the formation of architectural environments that ensure the relationship of urban development with water bodies and adjacent territories. The paper notes that water bodies are not only an important component of the natural-ecological framework, but are also the basis for the framework of urban-planning natural-technogenic systems as a whole. And the creation of a continuous urban fabric is impossible without the organization of a ‘water’ line of development, provision of compositional, functional and communication interconnection of open urban and water spaces, which is actively being introduced today in architectural and urban planning practice. The paper examines the role of water bodies in the ecological system of the city, as well as in its structure as a whole. The aim of the study is to identify the features of the formation of a public urban space, to determine the patterns of its development, to identify criteria that reflect the nature, scale and features of the impact of urbanization on a water body. Some principles of revitalization of coastal areas, as well as the creation of a system of publicly accessible, compositionally expressive spaces are considered. The principles of space transformation aimed at the formation of a holistic image of the city, as well as the impact of such a spatial arrangement of urban and water bodies on the safety and quality of the urban environment are considered.

scholarly journals Urban Structure, Energy and Planning: Findings from Three Cities in Sweden, Finland and Estonia

2016 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 24-40 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juliane Große ◽  
Christian Fertner ◽  
Niels Boje Groth
Keyword(s):  
Urban Planning ◽  
Urban Development ◽  
Energy Efficient ◽  
Urban Form ◽  
Urban Policy ◽  
Energy Use ◽  
Resource Scarcity ◽  
Urban Structure ◽  
Increase Energy Efficiency ◽  
Functional Relations

Transforming energy use in cities to address the threats of climate change and resource scarcity is a major challenge in urban development. This study takes stock of the state of energy in urban policy and planning and reveals potentials of and constraints to energy-efficient urban development. The relationship between energy and urban structure provides a framework for discussing the role of urban planning to increase energy efficiency in cities by means of three in-depth case studies of medium-sized cities in Northern Europe: Eskilstuna in Sweden, Turku in Finland and Tartu in Estonia. In some ways these cities go ahead when it comes to their national climate and energy policies and aim to establish urban planning as an instrument to regulate and influence the city’s transition in a sustainable way. At the same time, the cities are constantly facing goal conflicts and limitations to their scope of action, which creates dilemmas in their strategic orientation and planning activities (e.g. regional enlargement and increased commuting vs. compact urban development). Finally, considering urban form and spatial structure along with the policy context as well as regional drivers and functional relations is suggested as a suitable approach for addressing the challenges of energy-efficient urban development.

France in Flux

2019 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
National Identity ◽  
Contemporary Fiction ◽  
Refugee Camps ◽  
Post Colonial ◽  
Industrial Sites ◽  
Industrial Age ◽  
And Migration ◽  
The Look ◽  
Post Industrial ◽  
The Impact

The look and feel of metropolitan France has been a notable preoccupation of French literary and visual culture since the 1980s. Numerous writers, filmmakers and photographers have been drawn to articulate France’s contrasting spatial qualities, from infrastructural installations such as roads, rail lines and ports, to peri-urban residential developments and isolated rural enclaves. In doing so, they explore how the country’s acute sense of national identity has been both asserted and challenged in topographic terms. This wide-ranging collection of essays explores how the contemporary concern with space in France has taken shape across a range of media, from recent cinema, documentary filmmaking and photographic projects through to television drama and contemporary fiction, and examines what it reveals about the state of the nation in a post-colonial and post-industrial age. The impact of global flows of capital, trade and migration can be mapped through attention to the specificities of place and topography. Investigation of liminal locations, from seaboard cities and abandoned industrial sites to refugee camps and peasant smallholdings, interrogates the assertion of a national territory (and thereby, a national identity) through the figure of the hexagon, and highlights the fluidities, instabilities and lines of flight which render it increasingly unsettled.

Projects and Projections

2021 ◽  
pp. 149-183
Author(s):  
David Dickson
Keyword(s):  
Eighteenth Century ◽  
Urban Planning ◽  
Urban Space ◽  
Urban Form ◽  
Capital City ◽  
Major Theme ◽  
Development Agency ◽  
New Concepts

This chapter emphasizes a major theme in Dublin's eighteenth-century history: the battle to control and develop urban space, to mitigate the effects of growth, and to adapt new concepts of urban form. The chapter begins with narrating the baroque urban planning led by the first Duke of Ormond that had profound consequences for the Irish capital. It then discusses the first development agency in any Irish city, the Ballast Office, which was given responsibility for 'cleansing' and deepening the channel into the harbour and up to the Custom House, and for providing better protection for shipping in the bay outside. The chapter introduces Luke Gardiner, the first secretary of the Ballast Office, and explores how he became the most formidable property developer in the eighteenth-century city. The chapter also traces the beginning of the physical evolution of the capital city and environment for urban investment. Next, the chapter highlights a great scheme of urban improvement and speculative development in Waterford, Cork, and Limerick. It also mentions John Beresford's single-minded energy and strategic grasp in most of the metropolitan improvements.

The Rising of Consumption Space in the Western City and the Inspiration to China

2012 ◽  
Vol 209-211 ◽  
pp. 512-515
Author(s):  
Shan Huang ◽  
Qian Bo Wu
Keyword(s):  
Urban Development ◽  
Urban Space ◽  
Driving Force ◽  
Industrial Structure ◽  
Service Industry ◽  
Western Country ◽  
Industrial Society ◽  
Symbolic Economy ◽  
Western City ◽  
Post Industrial

Service industry in western cities sprang up and industrial structure transformed, thus post-industrial society theory was formed. Consumption economy of cities is rising in western country and it has become the driving force of urban space. Traditional industrial space is becoming to modern consumer space in the metropolis. It analyzes the reference values of symbolic economy and consumer space in western country to Chinese urban development.

Gender, Class, and Space

1988 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 15-35 ◽  
Author(s):  
G Pratt ◽  
S Hanson
Keyword(s):  
Urban Space ◽  
Social Reproduction ◽  
Urban Politics ◽  
Social Space ◽  
Census Data ◽  
Social Geography ◽  
Metropolitan Statistical Area ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Social Area

The social area analyses and factorial ecologies of the 1950s and 1960s have constrained the way in which scholars conceptualize urban space; in particular, one can trace contemporary arguments regarding the social reproduction of class to the notion of homogeneous neighborhoods that emerges from social area analyses and factorial ecology. It is argued that the growth in female labor-force participation, the fact of occupational sex segregation, and other recent demographic trends have important implications for the social geography of the North American city. With 1980 Census data from the Worcester, MA Standard Metropolitan Statistical Area, the impact of the gender division of labor on urban social space is described; in particular it is shown that occupational segregation is an important source of intraneighborhood class heterogeneity. The final section of the paper is an exploration of the implications of the findings for theories of social reproduction and for class-based urban politics.

Living on Past Glories and Future Dreams The Effects of Depopulation on Early Modern Urban Development in the Former Castle Town of Kanazawa

2008 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 263-294 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeremy Phillipps
Keyword(s):  
Urban Development ◽  
Urban Form ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Central City ◽  
Japan Sea ◽  
Meiji Restoration ◽  
Local Newspapers ◽  
The Impact ◽  
First Time

AbstractDepopulation of urban areas is a serious issue in twenty-first century Japan, as shown by the recent large-scale amalgamation of municipalities and programmes to combat declining central city areas. However, this is not the first time depopulation has had a significant effect on urban development: the decline in castle towns after the Meiji Restoration of 1868 had profound effects on both urban form and development concepts. Kanazawa, once one of the largest cities in Japan, suffered from an initial and long-lasting drop and then a more insidious decline as its Japan Sea coast location cut it off from the bulk of industrial and trade development. This article uses a two-fold approach to examine depopulation: first, an examination of the physical effects of depopulation based on statistical analysis of pre-war land registers shows the patterns of decline and regrowth throughout the modern period. Second, the impact of depopulation on the city's image of itself is examined through period documents such as council records and local newspapers. The need to regain status through population rank became an overarching goal of the urban leaders, and formed the basis of Kanazawa's reactions to the modern era and eventually towards imperialism.

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