scholarly journals STRUCTURAL AND GENETIC FEATURES AND TRENDS IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF LANDSCAPES OF THE CASPIAN PLAINS ZONE (SOUTH-EAST-SHIRVAN, SALYAN AND LANKARAN)

2019 ◽  
pp. 92-96
Author(s):  
M. Ismaylov
Keyword(s):  
Rural Economy ◽  
Level Structure ◽  
Landscape Dynamics ◽  
Anthropogenic Factors ◽  
The Caspian Sea ◽  
Genetic Relation ◽  
Current State ◽  
Natural Factors ◽  
Genetic Features ◽  
Anthropogenic Loading

The article describes the two main groups of factors influencing the modern landscape dynamics: natural and anthropogenic. The anthropogenic factors involved in landscape dynamics are more intense than natural factors. Natural factors mainly determine the direction of the dynamics of landscapes. In the structural-genetic relation the current state of landscapes of a zone of Caspian plains differs in exclusive dynamism and intensively increasing anthropogenic loading. In general, the coastal flat landscapes of the explored territory which left from under water in recent times in connection with late geology – geomorphology processes, have a relatively young pleistocene-golotsen age. In the structural- genetic relation the current state of landscapes of a zone of Caspian plains differs in exclusive dynamism and intensively increasing anthropogenic loading. In general, the coastal flat landscapes of the explored territory which left from under water in recent times in connection with late geology processes, have a relatively young pleistocene-golotsen age. Development of extensive and intensive rural economy led to strong change of a vegetable cover here that complicates a research of cause and effect communications between vegetable areas and regularities of zone distribution of other components of landscapes. Now on the Lankaran lowland of the wood remained only in the form of fragments. By our calculations, for the last 100 years woodiness of the Lankaran lowland decreased almost by 4-5 times. Basic changes of the forest areas Lankaran plains and replacement with their same agrotsenoza or afforestations consisting of one – two tree species (a kashtanolisty oak, a pine, a poplar, etc.), considerably strengthened integration of specific structure and level structure of a vegetable cover. Deforestation, drainage of swamps, increase in zones of resettlement and population density, growth of acreage, fluctuation of level of the Caspian Sea were also the reasons of decrease in number and structure of primary fauna of the Caspian plain.

Rural Economy Activation Through E-Commerce

2020 ◽  
pp. 22-38
Author(s):  
Miguel A. Sánchez-Acevedo ◽  
Israel Álvarez-Velásquez ◽  
Beatriz A. Sabino-Moxo ◽  
José A. Márquez-Domínguez ◽  
Ma. del Rocio G. Morales-Salgado
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Rural Economy ◽  
Fourth Section ◽  
Traditional Markets ◽  
The Third ◽  
Current State ◽  
Low Incomes ◽  
Quality Of Products ◽  
On Time Delivery

Rural economy has been characterized by low incomes and self-consumption production. With the expansion of global markets and the access of customers through internet, the possibility of moving traditional markets to e-commerce increases. This expansion allows the inclusion of rural economy into the e-commerce market. This chapter describes the challenges to be overtaken in order to activate rural economy through e-commerce. The chapter is organized in five sections: The first section focuses on the communication infrastructure available in rural areas. In the second section, the current state and challenges to be addressed for guaranteeing on time delivery are presented. The third section describes payment methods. The fourth section presents schemes of organization required into the communities to guarantee the quality of products. Finally, marketing, advertising, and social networks are discussed.

Solar Influences on Holocene Climatic Changes Illustrated by Correlations between Past Lake-Level Fluctuations and the Atmospheric 14C Record

1993 ◽  
Vol 40 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michel Magny
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Field ◽  
Lake Level ◽  
Climatic Changes ◽  
Anthropogenic Factors ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Climatic Oscillations ◽  
Lake Level Fluctuations ◽  
Natural Factors ◽  
Dipole Magnetic Field ◽  
Climate Evolution

AbstractChronological correlations established at different time scales among the lake-level fluctuations in the Jura and French Subalpine ranges, glacier movements in the Swiss and Austrian Alps, and the atmospheric 14C record during the last 7 millennia show coincidences between lake-level rises, glacier advances, and high 14C production and vice versa. These correspondences suggest that the short-term 14C variations may be an empirical indicator of Holocene palaeoclimates and argue for possible origins of Holocene climatic oscillations: (1) The varying solar activity refers to secular climatic oscillations and to major climatic deteriorations showing a ca. 2300-yr periodicity. (2) A question is raised about a relationship between the earth's magnetic field and climate. First, the weak-strength periods of the earth's dipole magnetic field (between 3800 and ca. 2500 B.C.) coincide with higher climate variability, and vice versa. Second, the ca. 2300-yr periods revealed by the 14C record and also by the major climatic deteriorations re. corded in Jurassian lakes (ca. 1500 A.D., ca. 800 B.C., and ca. 3500 B.C.) coincide with the ca. 2300-yr periods revealed by the earth's nondipole geomagnetic field. The present warming induced by anthropogenic factors should be intensified during the next few centuries by natural factors of climate evolution.

Spatio-temporal variability of internal waves in the Caspian Sea

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Olga Lavrova ◽  
Andrey Kostianoy
Keyword(s):  
Surface Temperature ◽  
Sea Surface Temperature ◽  
Internal Waves ◽  
Satellite Data ◽  
Caspian Sea ◽  
Bottom Topography ◽  
Sea Surface ◽  
Anthropogenic Factors ◽  
Landsat 8 ◽  
The Caspian Sea

<p>Internal waves (IWs) are an intrinsic feature of all density stratified water bodies: oceans, seas, lakes and reservoirs. IWs occur due to various causes. Among them are tides and inertial motions, variations in atmospheric pressure and wind, underwater earthquakes, water flows over bottom topography, anthropogenic factors, etc. In coastal areas of oceans and tidal seas,  IWs induced by tidal currents over shelf edge predominate. Such IWs are well-studied in multiple field, laboratory and numerical experiments. However, the data on IWs in non-tidal seas, such as the Black, Baltic and Caspian Seas, are scarce. Meanwhile, our multi-year satellite observations prove IWs to be quite a characteristic hydrophysical phenomenon of the Caspian Sea. The sea is considered non-tidal because tide height does not exceed 12 cm at the coastline. And yet surface manifestations of IWs are regularly observed in satellite data, both radar and visible. The goal of our study was to reveal spatial, seasonal and interannual variability of IW surface manifestations in the Caspian Sea in the periods of 1999-2012 and 2018-2019 from the analysis of satellite data. All available satellite radar and visible data were used, that is data from ERS1/2 SAR; Envisat ASAR; Sentinel-1A,1B SAR-C; Landsat-4,5 TM; Landsat-7 ETM+; Landsat-8 OLI; Sentinel-2A,2B MSI sensors. During the year, IWs were observed from the beginning of May to mid-September. In certain years, depending on hydrometeorological conditions, such as water heating, wind field, etc., no IWs could be seen in May or September. IWs regularly occur in the east of Middle Caspian and in the northeast of South Caspian. In North Caspian, due to its shallowness and absence of pronounced stratification, IWs are not generated, at least their surface signatures cannot be found in satellite data. In the west of the sea, IWs are scarcely observed, primarily at the beginning of the summer season. IW trains propagate toward the coast, their generation sites are mainly over the depths of 50-200 m.</p><p>According to the available data for the studied periods, the time of the first appearance of IW signatures differs significantly from year to year. For example, in 1999 and 2000 it happened only in July.</p><p>Since no in situ measurements were conducted in the sites of regular IW manifestations, an attempt  was made to establish the dependence of IW occurrence frequency  on seasonal and interannual variations of sea surface temperature, an indirect indicator of the depth of the diurnal or seasonal thermocline, that is where IW were generated. Sea surface temperature was also estimated from satellite data.</p><p>Another issue addressed in the work was the differentiation between the sea surface signatures of IWs in the atmosphere and the sea. The Caspian Sea is known for their close similarity in spatial characteristics.</p><p>The work was carried out with financial support of the Russian Science Foundation grant #19-77-20060.  Processing of satellite data was carried out by Center for Collective Use “IKI-Monitoring” with the use of “See The Sea” system, that was implemented in frame of Theme “Monitoring”, State register No. 01.20.0.2.00164.</p>

scholarly journals Assessment of groundwater vulnerability to pollution using the Kherici’s method in the Talezza plain, Collo region (NE Algeria)

2017 ◽  
Vol 33 (1) ◽  
pp. 23-30 ◽  
Author(s):  
Badra Attoui ◽  
Samia T. Benrabah ◽  
Habiba Majour ◽  
Nadjet Zair
Keyword(s):  
Groundwater Pollution ◽  
Soil Surface ◽  
Groundwater Vulnerability ◽  
Anthropogenic Factors ◽  
Natural Factors ◽  
Groundwater Aquifers ◽  
Number Of Factors ◽  
Impacting Factors ◽  
Parametric Systems

Abstract The intrinsic vulnerability of groundwater aquifers refers to their sensitivity to all contamination coming from soil surface irrespective of the nature of the polluting. In order to improve the protection of groundwater, there must be a reduction in the infiltration of contaminants towards the reservoir through the impacting factors determination of this phenomenon by means of research. There are collected models that include particular number of factors which allow the determination of a sign of groundwater vulnerability of all superficial pollutions. The goal of the study centers on ascertaining the state of vulnerability and the risk of groundwater pollution of the Collo region with a new proposed method by Kherici. Generally, assessment methods of vulnerability and the danger of groundwater pollution employ parametric systems with numerical quotation, cartographic superposition where the analytical methods are based on equations. In this study, we consider the combination of criteria dependent on natural factors (thickness of the unsaturated zone, geologic facies, degree of auto-purification) and the causes of groundwater vulnerability to man-made pollution (anthropogenic factors).

scholarly journals Investigation of vegetation as a precondition for improving the management of a national nature park (on the example of Dzharylhatskyi NP)

2019 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 69-75
Author(s):  
A. O. Davydova ◽  
A. A. Ponomarеva ◽  
D. A. Davydov
Keyword(s):  
Protected Area ◽  
National Park ◽  
Anthropogenic Factors ◽  
Economic Pressure ◽  
Habitat Directive ◽  
Red Lists ◽  
Natural Factors ◽  
Nature Park ◽  
Data Book ◽  
Basal Communities

The protected area of Dzharylhatskyi National Park is only 3% of the total area. This is not enough to preserve dynamic ecosystems that are very vulnerable to natural factors and almost impossible to restore following damage by anthropogenic factors. In the investigated area there are territories with high potential for conservation, which are characterized by the presence of species from the Red Data Book of Ukraine and International Red Lists, plant communities from the Green Data Book of Ukraine and biotopes of global significance. The proposed ten sites should receive protected status, which will bring the protected area up to the necessary minimum to preserve the rare ecosystems of the park from tourism and economic pressure, which have intensified in recent years. For the period of research in 2014–2018, 14 types of sozophytes were identified and confirmed, two of them are the highly localised species endemic to Dzharylhach Island: Molinia euxina Pobed. and Poacynum russanovii (Pobed.) Mavrodiev, A. Laktionov et Y. Alexeev. The syntaxonomic structure of the sozologically valuable coenoses is represented by two basal communities, two subassociations and 8 associations belonging to 9 alliances, 9 orders and 9 classes. Out of them, we provisionally propose the new following groups: ass. Apero maritimi-Chrysopogonetum grylli nom. prov., subass. Apero maritimi-Chrysopogonetum grylli, Stipetum borysthenicae nom. prov., subass. Cladietum marisci, Caricetum extensae nom. prov., BC Molinia euxina [Molinion caeruleae] nom. prov. The proposed sites represent 8 biotopes from Annex I of the Habitat Directive, which imposes obligations for their conservation at the world level. We carried out an analysis of the Ukrainian legislative acts, their correlation with international requirements and the zoning of the NPP “Dzharylhatskyi” in relation to these requirements and recommendations. Thus, the urgent need to expand the boundaries of the protected area of the Dzharylhatskyi National Nature Park by including distinguished protected tracts has been confirmed.

scholarly journals Outline of the development of research on the impact of Neolithic settlements on the transformation on loess landscapes in southern Poland

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 32-44 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kamila Ryzner ◽  
Piotr Owczarek
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Changes ◽  
Anthropogenic Factors ◽  
Functional Responses ◽  
Natural Systems ◽  
River Terraces ◽  
Current State ◽  
History Of ◽  
Response To Water ◽  
Landscape Transformations ◽  
The Impact

AbstractDuring the last few decades, many case studies have focused on landscape transformations in response to water erosion, human impact, and climate changes. This article presents a review and comparison of the current state of knowledge on conducted research on the impact of the activities of early humans on the relief and forms of loess areas in Poland based on the results of a variety of dating methods (OSL, TL, C14, 137Cs, palynology, dendrochronology etc.). The influence of land-use activity since the first permanent settlements (8,000–5,200 BP) played a major role in the development of certain sand sediment terrain forms: gullies, river terraces, the filling of isolated depressions and alluvial fans in the loess areas. As a result, a simplified scheme of landscape evolution was created along with a map of the most investigated areas by authors. The main problem was to differentiate the influence of anthropogenic factors from natural ones occurring either simultaneously or alternatively. The developed deposits form a geo-archive which has recorded the history of environmental changes. A detailed analysis of the sedimentary structures provides the possibility to reconstruct and understand past functional responses in natural systems. It is important to consider the impact of climate change and human influence over the course of history on a specific geomorphological system. This can help to predict future land changes and likely hazards.

scholarly journals SHANGHAI PORT: FACTORS OF DEVELOPMENT

2020 ◽  
pp. 154-178
Author(s):  
Nelli Semenova ◽  
◽  
Ludmila Aristova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Economic Policy ◽  
Technological Progress ◽  
Foreign Capital ◽  
Anthropogenic Factors ◽  
Political Will ◽  
Natural Factors ◽  
Port Facilities ◽  
Geographical Position ◽  
Ancient Times ◽  
Further Development

For a decade, the Shanghai port has retained the world’s leading positions not only in terms of economic indicators, but also in terms of equipping the port facilities with the latest achievements of science and technology. Due to its advantageous geographical position since ancient times, it has been an important port for external transport and internal trade of China. Shanghai was historically destined to become the world’s largest transshipment base. But natural factors bear fruit only in the presence of a competent and planned economic policy. The economic success of the port in recent years has been preparing for many decades. Anthropogenic factors, namely the reform and restructuring of the economic system, attracting foreign capital, advanced foreign technologies and management methods, accelerated the development of the port. Technological progress, globalization and political will have made the port the world’s largest industrial port complex. This article is devoted to the analysis of modern achievements and the prospects for the further development of the port of Shanghai.

scholarly journals Fluctuation in the Level of the Caspian Sea and its Consequences

2021 ◽  
Vol 288 ◽  
pp. 01064
Author(s):  
Akimgali Kenzhegaliev ◽  
Assylbek Kanbetov ◽  
Dauren Kulbatyrov ◽  
Aiauzhan Shakhmanova ◽  
Ainagul Abilgaziyeva
Keyword(s):  
Sea Level ◽  
Caspian Sea ◽  
Climatic Factors ◽  
Anthropogenic Factors ◽  
Present Stage ◽  
The Caspian Sea ◽  
Industrial Facilities ◽  
Sea Levels ◽  
Early Neogene ◽  
Rising Sea Levels

While in the early neogene, tectonic and to a lesser extent climatic factors impacted on the sea level, at the present stage climatic, man-made and anthropogenic factors are at the forefront. As a result of an increase in the level of the Caspian Sea by more than 2.4 m, 35-40 thousand square meters km of territory was flooded, during the flooding and flooding of the coastal territory for the period 1978-1995 led to a change in natural, socio-economic and medico-ecological conditions. The consequences of rising sea levels led to the resettlement of about 100 thousand people living in the coastal flooded zone of the Northern Caspian Sea and many industrial facilities.

scholarly journals The Current State of the Herb-Shrub Association with the Participation of the Red Book Endemic Species Juno Orchioides in the Tashkent Region (Uzbekistan)

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (6) ◽  
pp. 1264-1269
Author(s):  
Nargiza K. Rakhimova ◽  
Guljan M. Duschanova ◽  
Eldor E. Temirov ◽  
Akida T. Abdullaeva ◽  
Sobitjon S. Nosirov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Endemic Species ◽  
Vegetation Cover ◽  
Tien Shan ◽  
Anthropogenic Factors ◽  
Left Bank ◽  
Current State ◽  
The Future ◽  
Rare Endemic

The article provides a review of studies of the vegetation cover of the Western Tien Shan of the NorthEastern slope of the Kurama ridge of the Parkent district (the left bank of Parkentsai) with the participation of the rare endemic species Juno orchioides. The article presents the main results of work in the field of geobotany and botanical geography carried out in the Tashkent region. A list of plants of 4 communities of the herb-shrub association with the participation of the species Juno orchioides is given. The association contains more than 90 species of plants. Of these, trees – 10, shrubs – 9, perennials – 71, annuals – 8. Anthropogenic factors and grazing are the reason for the decrease in this species of Juno orchioides, and in the future, measures for reintroduction must be applied to preserve and restore this species.

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