scholarly journals INTERNATIONAL ECOREGIONAL COOPERATION OF UKRAINE FOR THE PROTECTION AND PRESERVATION OF BIODIVERSITY

2019 ◽  
pp. 64-71
Author(s):  
L. Bilous
Keyword(s):  
International Cooperation ◽  
Regional Cooperation ◽  
Mixed Forest ◽  
Danube River ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Beech Forests ◽  
Nature Protection ◽  
Montane Forests ◽  
Mixed Forests ◽  
Data Infrastructure

The place of Ukraine in the systems of the biogeographic and ecoregion order of the world and the biogeographic organization of Europe are considered. The ecoregions are defined as objects of cross-border and international cooperation for protection and conservation of biodiversity and planning of global, regional and national natural protection systems. The review of ecoregions of Ukraine was proposed. 12 ecoregions were defined as existing on the territory of Ukraine. The terrestrial ecoregions are represented by European mixed forests, the Eastern European forest steppe, Pontic steppe, Crimean Submediterranean forest complex, Carpathian montane forests, Pannonian mixed forests. The freshwater ecoregions are represented by Central & Western Europe, Dniester – Lower Danube, Dnieper – South Bug, Crimea Peninsula, Don. The marine ecoregion plays an important role of the nature protection system of Ukraine. This ecoregion is the Mediterranean Sea Ecoregion. The Black and Azov seas belong to its composition. WWF has identified a list of Global 200 that contains 238 ecoregions (142 terrestrial, 53 freshwaters, 43 marine) priority for the protection of their habitat diversity and biodiversity. More than half of these ecoregions are marked as endangered. The habitats of two ecoregions from the Global 200 list are in Ukraine. These are the habitats of the terrestrial ecoregion European-Mediterranean Montane Forests (the mountainous territories of the Crimean and Carpathian regions) and the freshwater ecoregion Danube River Delta. The ecoregions of priority nature conservation in Ukraine are characterized. The features of international cooperation on the biodiversity conservation in these regions are analyzed. The Crimean sub-Mediterranean forest complex is designated as problematic ecoregion for international cooperation. The active participation of Ukraine in the international cooperation for the biodiversity protection in the Euro-Mediterranean mixed forest is outlined. The result of this collaboration is the transnational object «Ancient and Primeval Beech Forests of the Carpathians and Other Regions in Europe». The unique Crimean beech forests with oriental beech (Fagus orientalis), forest beech (Fagus sylvatica), and taurida beech (Fagus taurica) did not enter this object. International cooperation is not possible in annexed territories. Ukraine’s priority has identified the need to develop National Geospatial Data Infrastructure (NGDI). The NGDI is a prerequisite for fruitful international and eco-regional cooperation

scholarly journals STRATEGIC ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT FOR THE NEEDS OF ENVIRONMENTAL GOVERNANCE

2019 ◽  
pp. 5-9
Author(s):  
L. Bilous
Keyword(s):  
Ecosystem Services ◽  
Environmental Assessment ◽  
Environmental Governance ◽  
Strategic Environmental Assessment ◽  
Danube River ◽  
Management Tool ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Montane Forests ◽  
Mixed Forests ◽  
History Of

A Strategic Environmental Assessment (SEA) was considered as an environmental governance tool. The history of the development of the SEA and an Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) were outlined. The EIA was considered as an environmental management tool. The role of the SEA is determined by its place in the decision-making process. The SEA can be used to assess a proposed policy, plan or programme (PPP) that has already been developed; or it can be used to develop, evaluate and modify a policy, plan or programme during its formulation. The legal framework for the SEA is defined by Directive 2001/42 / EC on the assessment of the effects of certain plans and programs on the environment (SEA Directive). The SEA experience in Ukraine was analyzed. The reports of the SEAs of Development Strategies of Kremenchug, Gorishni Plavni and Dnipropetrovsk region were considered. The conclusion was made about the problems orientation of the Ukrainian SEAs. Inadequate attention to issues of comprehensive knowledge of the natural territorial organization, information inventory of natural resource potential of geosystems and ecosystem services are characterized by national SEAs. Inadequate attention to the issues of studying the natural organization of territories, inventory of natural resources potential of geosystems and ecosystem services are typical for the Ukraine SEAs. А concept of ecosystem services (ES) was proposed as a basis for the SEA. It is a scientific environment for the study of ecosystems, their service potential and socio-economic value. The history of the ES concept was considered in connection with the activities of the projects and programs. There are «Millennium Ecosystem Assessment (MEA)», «The Economics of Ecosystems and Biodiversity (ТЕЕВ)», «Common International Classification of Ecosystem Services (CICES)». An overview of the ecosystem services classifications was proposed in the projects and programs. The methodology of identification of ES in the context of ecosystems for SEA was considered. Ecoregion was defined as an object of SEA and environmental governance. The review of the ecoregions of Ukraine was proposed. 12 ecoregions were defined as existing on the territory of Ukraine. The terrestrial ecoregions are represented by European mixed forests, the Eastern European forest steppe, Pontic steppe, Crimean Submediterranean forest complex, Carpathian montane forests, Pannonian mixed forests. The freshwater ecoregions are represented by Central & Western Europe, Dniester – Lower Danube, Dnieper – South Bug, Crimea Peninsula, Don. Marine ecoregion plays an important role in the nature protection system of Ukraine. This ecoregion is the Mediterranean Sea Ecoregion. The Black and Azov seas belong to its composition. WWF has identified a list of Global 200 that contains 238 ecoregions (142 terrestrial, 53 freshwaters, 43 marines) priority for the protection of their habitat diversity and biodiversity. More than half of these ecoregions are marked as endangered. The habitats of two ecoregions from the Global 200 list are in Ukraine. These are the habitats of the terrestrial ecoregion European-Mediterranean Montane Forests (the mountainous territories of the Crimean and Carpathian regions) and the freshwater ecoregion Danube River Delta.

scholarly journals Distribution of the timber quality attribute ‘knot surface’ in logs of Fagus sylvatica L. from pure and mixed forest stands

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kirsten Höwler ◽  
Torsten Vor ◽  
Peter Schall ◽  
Peter Annighöfer ◽  
Dominik Seidel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fagus Sylvatica ◽  
Mixed Forest ◽  
European Beech ◽  
Forest Stands ◽  
Species Identity ◽  
Mixed Stands ◽  
Mixed Forests ◽  
Climate Conditions ◽  
Timber Quality ◽  
Positive Effects

AbstractResearch on mixed forests has mostly focused on tree growth and productivity, or resistance and resilience in changing climate conditions, but only rarely on the effects of tree species mixing on timber quality. In particular, it is still unclear whether the numerous positive effects of mixed forests on productivity and stability come at the expense of timber quality. In this study, we used photographs of sawn boards from 90 European beech (Fagus sylvatica L.) trees of mixed and pure forest stands to analyze internal timber quality through the quality indicator knot surface that was quantitatively assessed using the software Datinf® Measure. We observed a decrease in knot surface with increasing distance from the pith as well as smaller values in the lower log sections. Regarding the influence of neighborhood species identity, we found only minor effects meaning that timber qualities in mixed stands of beech and Norway spruce (Picea abies (L.) H. Karst.) tended to be slightly worse compared to pure beech stands.

scholarly journals Object Oriented Classification for Mapping Mixed and Pure Forest Stands Using Very-High Resolution Imagery

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (13) ◽  
pp. 2508
Author(s):  
Loredana Oreti ◽  
Diego Giuliarelli ◽  
Antonio Tomao ◽  
Anna Barbati
Keyword(s):  
High Resolution ◽  
Spatial Scales ◽  
Parametric Method ◽  
Mixed Forest ◽  
Mixed Stands ◽  
Mapping Unit ◽  
Mixed Forests ◽  
High Resolution Imagery ◽  
Very High Resolution Imagery ◽  
Very High

The importance of mixed forests is increasingly recognized on a scientific level, due to their greater productivity and efficiency in resource use, compared to pure stands. However, a reliable quantification of the actual spatial extent of mixed stands on a fine spatial scale is still lacking. Indeed, classification and mapping of mixed populations, especially with semi-automatic procedures, has been a challenging issue up to date. The main objective of this study is to evaluate the potential of Object-Based Image Analysis (OBIA) and Very-High-Resolution imagery (VHR) to detect and map mixed forests of broadleaves and coniferous trees with a Minimum Mapping Unit (MMU) of 500 m2. This study evaluates segmentation-based classification paired with non-parametric method K- nearest-neighbors (K-NN), trained with a dataset independent from the validation one. The forest area mapped as mixed forest canopies in the study area amounts to 11%, with an overall accuracy being equal to 85% and K of 0.78. Better levels of user and producer accuracies (85–93%) are reached in conifer and broadleaved dominated stands. The study findings demonstrate that the very high resolution images (0.20 m of spatial resolutions) can be reliably used to detect the fine-grained pattern of rare mixed forests, thus supporting the monitoring and management of forest resources also on fine spatial scales.

scholarly journals Detecting the Competition between Moso Bamboos and Broad-Leaved Trees in Mixed Forests Using a Terrestrial Laser Scanner

Forests ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (9) ◽  
pp. 520 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yingjie Yan ◽  
Mingpeng Xia ◽  
Shaohui Fan ◽  
Meichun Zhan ◽  
Fengying Guan
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Structure ◽  
Laser Scanning ◽  
Mixed Forest ◽  
Laser Scanner ◽  
Phyllostachys Pubescens ◽  
Mixed Forests ◽  
Individual Trees ◽  
Convex Hull Algorithm ◽  
Intensity Of Competition ◽  
Multiple Interactions

The growth of individual trees in a forest is affected by many factors, a crucial one being the intensity of competition among trees, because it affects the spatial structure of the forest and is in turn influenced by silvicultural practices. In a mixed forest in particular, the growth of trees is affected by multiple interactions. To analyse the competition between moso bamboo (Phyllostachys pubescens (Pradelle) Mazel ex J.Houz.) and broad-leaved trees in a mixed forest, data were extracted by sampling six spots within such a forest using terrestrial laser scanning (TLS). The convex hull algorithm was used for calculating the overlap volume between the crowns of the broad-leaved trees and the bamboo canopy. Bamboos growing at least 3 m away from any of the broad-leaved trees were the most numerous and the diameter at breast height (DBH) is larger than those growing closer than that, which suggests that broad-leaved trees suppressed the growth of bamboo if they are closer but promote it beyond 3 m up to a point at which the distance is too great for any such effect. The modified Hegyi’s competition index was constructed based on the canopy factor, which may better describe the competitive interaction among the trees and bamboos. Using TLS can enhance our understanding of the competition among trees in mixed forests and help in planning the spatial structure of such forests in general and provide a benchmark for choosing planting distances in particular.

scholarly journals Can Carbon Sequestration in Tasmanian “Wet” Eucalypt Forests Be Used to Mitigate Climate Change? Forest Succession, the Buffering Effects of Soils, and Landscape Processes Must Be Taken into Account

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-16
Author(s):  
Peter D. McIntosh ◽  
James L. Hardcastle ◽  
Tobias Klöffel ◽  
Martin Moroni ◽  
Talitha C. Santini
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Forest Fires ◽  
Forest Succession ◽  
Mixed Forest ◽  
Mixed Forests ◽  
Soil C ◽  
C Stocks ◽  
Mitigate Climate Change ◽  
Eucalypt Forests

Small areas of the wetter parts of southeast Australia including Tasmania support high-biomass “wet” eucalypt forests, including “mixed” forests consisting of mature eucalypts up to 100 m high with a rainforest understorey. In Tasmania, mixed forests transition to lower biomass rainforests over time. In the scientific and public debate on ways to mitigate climate change, these forests have received attention for their ability to store large amounts of carbon (C), but the contribution of soil C stocks to the total C in these two ecosystems has not been systematically researched, and consequently, the potential of wet eucalypt forests to serve as long-term C sinks is uncertain. This study compared soil C stocks to 1 m depth at paired sites under rainforest and mixed forests and found that there was no detectable difference of mean total soil C between the two forest types, and on average, both contained about 200 Mg·ha−1 of C. Some C in subsoil under rainforests is 3000 years old and retains a chemical signature of pyrogenic C, detectable in NMR spectra, indicating that soil C stocks are buffered against the effects of forest succession. The mean loss of C in biomass as mixed forests transition to rainforests is estimated to be about 260 Mg·ha−1 over a c. 400-year period, so the mature mixed forest ecosystem emits about 0.65 Mg·ha−1·yr−1 of C during its transition to rainforest. For this reason and because of the risk of forest fires, setting aside large areas of wet eucalypt forests as reserves in order to increase landscape C storage is not a sound strategy for long-term climate change mitigation. Maintaining a mosaic of managed native forests, including regenerating eucalypts, mixed forests, rainforests, and reserves, is likely to be the best strategy for maintaining landscape C stocks.

scholarly journals Determination of snow-covered area in different land covers in central Alaska, U.S.A., from aircraft data — April 1995

1998 ◽  
Vol 26 ◽  
pp. 149-155 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dorothy K. Hall ◽  
James L. Foster ◽  
Alfred T. C. Chang ◽  
Carl S. Benson ◽  
Janet Y. L. Chien
Keyword(s):  
Snow Cover ◽  
Vegetation Cover ◽  
Near Infrared ◽  
Mixed Forest ◽  
Mixed Forests ◽  
Mapping Algorithm ◽  
Covered Area ◽  
Moderate Resolution ◽  
Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer ◽  
Cover Density

During April 1995, a field and aircraft experiment was conducted in central Alaska in support of the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) snow-mapping project. The MODIS Airborne Simulator (MAS), a 50 channel spectroradiometer, was flown on board the NASA ER-2 aircraft. An objective of the mission was to determine the accuracy of mapping snow in different surface covers using an algorithm designed to map global snow cover after the launch of MODIS in 1998. The surface cover in this area of central Alaska is typically spruce, birch, aspen, mixed forest and muskeg. Integrated reflectance, Ri was calculated from the visible/near-infrared channels of the MAS sensor. The Ri was used to estimate different vegetation-cover densities because there is an inverse relationship between vegetation-cover density and albedo in snow-covered terrain. A vegetation-cover density map was constructed using MAS data acquired on 13 April 1995 over central Alaska. In the part of the scene that was mapped as having a vegetation-cover density of < 50%, the snow-mapping algorithm mapped 96.41% snow cover. These areas are generally composed of muskeg and mixed forests and include frozen lake. In the part of the scene that was estimated to have a vegetation-cover density of ≥50%, the snow-mapping algorithm mapped 71.23% snow cover. These areas are generally composed of dense coniferous or deciduous forests. Overall, the accuracy of the snow-mapping algorithm is > 87.41% for a 13 April MAS scene with a variety of surface covers (coniferous and deciduous and mixed forests, muskeg, tundra and frozen lake).

Prey of the Persian Leopard (Panthera pardus saxicolor) in a mixed forest-steppe landscape in northeastern Iran (Mammalia: Felidae)

2016 ◽  
Vol 62 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elmira Sharbafi ◽  
Mohammad S. Farhadinia ◽  
Hamid R. Rezaie ◽  
Alex Richard Braczkowski
Keyword(s):  
Mixed Forest ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Panthera Pardus ◽  
Persian Leopard

The Spatial Heterogeneity of the Soil Bulk Density under Different Management Types of Pinus koraiensis Forests

2013 ◽  
Vol 726-731 ◽  
pp. 4315-4318
Author(s):  
Shu Li Wang ◽  
Chao Ma
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Heterogeneity ◽  
Bulk Density ◽  
Mixed Forest ◽  
Soil Bulk Density ◽  
Field Investigation ◽  
Pinus Koraiensis ◽  
Analysis Tool ◽  
Betula Platyphylla ◽  
Forest Types ◽  
Mixed Forests

Through the manner of field investigation and room experiments, by using software SPSS 13.0, software ArcGis 9.3 and geostatistical analysis tool, the spatial heterogeneity of the soil bulk density under virgin Pinus koraiensis forest, Betula platyphylla and Pinus koraiensis mixed forest (Pinus koraiensis natural regeneration), Betulaplatyphylla and Pinus koraiensis mixed forest (Pinus koraiensis planted) and pure Pinus koraiensis plantation were studied. The characteristics of the spatial heterogeneity of the soil bulk density under different forest types were different, the spatial heterogeneity of the soil bulk density under four forest types were influenced by random factors, but the auto relationship part of the soil bulk density spatial heterogeneity under Betula platyphylla and Pinus koraiensis mixed forests were bigger, and the change distance was smaller than that under pure Pinus koraiensis plantation. The spatial distribution pattern of the soil bulk density under Betula platyphylla and Pinus koraiensis mixed forests was superior to that under pure Pinus koraiensis plantation. The results would provide a theory basis for the recovery and the sustainable management of the Pinus koraiensis forest.

scholarly journals Complex Geochemical Characteristics of Soils and Plants in Natural Reserve Zones of Ukraine

2021 ◽  
pp. 12-24
Author(s):  
N.O. Kryuchenko ◽  
◽  
Ya. Zhovinsky ◽  
P.S. Paparyga ◽  
O.A. Zhuk ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pinus Sylvestris ◽  
Quercus Robur ◽  
Humus Content ◽  
Mixed Forest ◽  
Steppe Zone ◽  
Perennial Grasses ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Forest Zone ◽  
Natural Reserve ◽  
Mobile Forms

The results of a comprehensive analysis of the microelement composition of soils — B, Co, Cu, Mn, Mo, Ni, Zn and plants — Ag, Co, Cu, Mn, Mo, Ni, Pb, Zn (oak (Quercus robur L.), pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) perennial grasses — Kupena (Polygonatum multiflorum (L.) All.), wheatgrass (Elymus repens (L.) Gould)) of natural reserve belonging to different physical and geographical zones — Polessky reserve (mixed forest zone), Roztochya reserve (broad-leaved forest zone), Kanevsky reserve (forest-steppe zone), the reserve «Askania Nova» (steppe zone), the Chernogorsk massif of the Carpathian Biosphere Reserve (KBR, Ukrainian Carpathians), which are proposed to be considered as background. It was found that in the soils of mixed and broad-leaved forests and the Chernogorsk massif KBR with an increase in the content of gross forms of Co, Cu, Ni, Zn, the content of their mobile forms increases, this dependence is inverse in the soils of the steppe zone, which is associated with a decrease in soil acidity and mobility microelements A positive correlation was revealed between the humus content in soils and Zn, Co (gross and mobile forms) and negative — B, Mo in the soils of all reserve zones. It was found that the greatest biogeochemical activity is characteristic of plants in the zone of deciduous forests — oak leaves (Quercus robur L.) and pine needles (Pinus sylvestris L.).

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