scholarly journals Edged Weapon Images On The Medieval Pottery From Taurida

2020 ◽  
pp. 6-23
Author(s):  
Kateryna Valentyrova
Keyword(s):  
Black Sea ◽  
Fine Arts ◽  
13Th Century ◽  
Crimean Peninsula ◽  
Black Sea Region ◽  
Archaeological Materials ◽  
Medieval Pottery ◽  
The One ◽  
Favorable Conditions ◽  
The Military

The research of the edged weapons requires an involvement of different types of sources. The visual ones are among the most informative. Images depicting medieval edged weapon could be found on different objects, in particular, on pottery. Most of such engravings are schematic; that is why an informative value of such sources is rather modest. Nevertheless, engrawings on pottery depicting edged weapons may attract scholar’s attention. Images on medieval pottery from Taurida (Crimea peninsula) are especially interesting in this context. In the article the author analyses 17 artifacts decorated with images of edged weapons that were found in Crimea. In each case an image of weapon was part of a larger composition depicting a warrior. Scholars tend to interpret such figures as saint warriors or epic heroes. Local life contexts as well as the general historical situation in Europe during the 12-13th centuries shaped favorable conditions for increasing popularity of the military themes in fine arts. The swords, sabres and items that cannot be reliably interpreted are depicted on the artifacts that are dealt with. The author reveals a spesific type of weaponry which have no analogies among the medieval archaeological materials by now. The upper date of exploitation of most of the atrifacts can be clearly identified as far as the artifacts were found in the cultural layer which corresponds with destruction of Chersonesus in the 13th century. The artists used to engrave weapons schematiclly, however sometimes the one can be sure what kind of weapon an artist tried to depict. Comparison of the images on pottery with the archaeological findings allows us to jydge on specific military traditions of both the Bizantine Empire and the Northern Black Sea region during the 11-12 centuries. The findings of the 13th century weapons in the Crimean peninsula are rather scarce, so the visual sources are very important for studing of the local edged weapon. Such sources are interesting in the broad context of studying of the medieval culture of Mediterranean and Black Sea regions as well.

RUSSIAN ANTI-ACCESS POTENTIAL (A2 / AD) ON THE CRIMEAN PENINSULA

2020 ◽  
Vol XIV ◽  
pp. 0-1
Author(s):  
Patryk Reśkiewicz
Keyword(s):  
Black Sea ◽  
Russian Federation ◽  
The Black Sea ◽  
Security Architecture ◽  
Crimean Peninsula ◽  
Black Sea Region ◽  
South Eastern ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
The Military ◽  
The Crimean Peninsula

The purpose of the following article is to present the military capabilities of the Russian Federation located on the Crimean peninsula, and to define in this context Russian A2/AD anti-access capabilities and their impact on the security architecture of the Black Sea region, in particular NATO's south-eastern flank

Analysis of potential seismic sources of tsunamis in the Black Sea region, using data from various catalogues

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emil Oynakov ◽  
Liliya Dimitrova ◽  
Lyubka Pashova ◽  
Dragomir Dragomirov
Keyword(s):  
Black Sea ◽  
Scientific Evidence ◽  
Active Faults ◽  
Active Regions ◽  
The Black Sea ◽  
Earthquake Catalogues ◽  
Crimean Peninsula ◽  
Black Sea Region ◽  
Global Science ◽  
Using Data

<p>Low-laying territories along the Black Sea coastal line are more vulnerable to the possible high (long) waves due to tsunami events caused by strong earthquakes in the active seismic regions. Historically, such events are rare in the Black Sea region, despite some scientific evidence of tsunamis and their recordings through continuous sea-level observations with tide gauges built in certain places along the coast. This study analyses seismic data derived from different international earthquake catalogues - NEIC, ISC, EMSC, IDC and Bulgarian national catalogue (1981 - 2019). A catalogue of earthquakes within the period covering the historical to the contemporary seismicity with magnitudes M ≥ 3 is compiled. The data are processed applying the software package ZMAP, developed by Stefan Wiemer (http://www.seismo.ethz.ch/en/research-and-teaching/products-software/software/ZMAP/index.html). The catalogues' completeness is calculated to assess the reliability of the historical data needed to assess the risk of rare tsunami events. The prevailing part of the earthquakes' epicentres are in the seismically active regions of Shabla, the Crimean peninsula, the east and southeast coast of the Black Sea forming six main clusters, which confirmed previous studies in the region. In these areas, several active and potentially active faults, which can generate tsunamigenic seismic events, are recognized.</p><p><strong>Acknowledgements: </strong>The authors would like to thank the Bulgarian National Science Fund for co-funding the research under the Contract КП-СЕ-КОСТ/8, 25.09.2020, which is carried out within framework of COST Action 18109 “Accelerating Global science In Tsunami HAzard and Risk analysis” (AGITHAR; https://www.agithar.uni-hamburg.de/).</p>

scholarly journals Problems of Muses Education in the Ancient Cities of the Northern Black Sea Coast

2019 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Black Sea ◽  
Social Background ◽  
Black Sea Region ◽  
Black Sea Coast ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Archaeological Materials ◽  
Teaching Music ◽  
Teaching Grammar ◽  
Of Greece

The article deals with the problems of education and upbringing in the ancient cities of the Northern Black Sea Littoral. Literary, epigraphic and material data sources characterizing the muses education are systematized. Namely: the study of grammar, literature, arithmetic, music. The inscriptions that can be considered as school exercises, texts of epitaphs, messages from ancient authors, archaeological materials, including funerals are analyzed. The material of the graffiti shows the peculiarities of teaching grammar and literature, the process of forming a unified system for writing throughout the Northern Black Sea Littoral. The process of teaching music and dance is still poorly covered in literature. A wide range of iconographic and archaeological materials have been used to expose this aspect of muses education. According to the author, the content and forms of education in the cities of the Northern Black Sea region were generally the same as in the cities of Greece itself. The possibility of obtaining the highest level of education from the local elite is emphasized. That is confirmed by the data on eminent philosophers from the Northern Black Sea region, such as Bosporan Sopheid, Bion Borisfenit, Posidonius Olviopolit and others. The following forms of organization of school education are considered: questions of school premises and educational accessories, methods of teaching and education, social background of students and teachers. The role of muses agonists and religious holidays as forms of quality control of education is shown. The connection of musical education with physical preparation and influence of political structure of the states on the development of education are considered.

Architecture of One-Apsidal Churches of North Black Sea Coast VI-XII c.

2018 ◽  
Vol 931 ◽  
pp. 790-796
Author(s):  
Viktoria V. Pishchulina
Keyword(s):  
Black Sea ◽  
The Black Sea ◽  
Byzantine Empire ◽  
Black Sea Region ◽  
The North ◽  
Black Sea Coast ◽  
The Crimea ◽  
The One ◽  
Sea Coast

A one-apsidal hall church is always a reflection of so-called “vulgar” Christianity, thus revealing the important peculiarities of the spatial culture of the region where it is erected. In this region we can mark two periods when such temples were built: VI-VII c. and X-XII c. The first period is associated with the missionary activity by Byzantine Empire, Antioch, Caucasian Albania which was conditioned by both geopolitical interests (Byzantian Empire, Antioch) and the shift of The Great Silk Way to the north (Caucasian Albania). The second, as the research has shown, is connected with the migration of the peoples of Abkhazia, the abzakhs to this territory in the XII-XIII c. and the development of contacts with the Crimea. In the North Black Sea Region the one-apsidal hall church appears as early as in the VI c. – in the territory of Abkhazia we know about ten such temples. The temples of this type in the area of Big Sochi are dated back to the VII-VIII c. In the first Abhzaian temples we can reveal the influence of denominational centers – Byzantian Empire, Antioch, Caucasian Albania. In the temples of the Black Sea coast of both periods – introduction of the samples from Abkhazia.

scholarly journals Ukraine's Cultural Diplomacy in the Black Sea Region

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 10
Author(s):  
Svitlana Ovcharenko
Keyword(s):  
Black Sea ◽  
Cultural Diplomacy ◽  
Foreign Affairs ◽  
The Black Sea ◽  
Eastern European ◽  
Association Agreement ◽  
Crimean Peninsula ◽  
Black Sea Region ◽  
Level Of Activity ◽  
The Eu

The article analyzes the achievements, prospects and issues of Ukrainian cultural diplomacy in the Black Sea region. It outlines different levels of cultural cooperation in the region, in which the goals of Ukraine's cultural diplomacy can be realized: cooperation within UNESCO, cooperation within the Eastern European Partnership, cooperation within the Black Sea Economic Cooperation (BSEC), cooperation within bilateral cultural contacts. It is emphasized that all formats of cultural interaction complement each other and can have a synergistic effect. It is noted that Ukraine is one of the few countries that has participated in the ICDS testing, and together with Georgia, Armenia and Azerbaijan can set a precedent for the regional application of this methodology by UNESCO. Ukrainian cultural diplomacy in the Black Sea region is also considered in connection with the state’s European integration obligations under the "Association Agreement between Ukraine and the EU". Summarizing the level of activity in the field of cultural diplomacy in the region, it is noted that Ukraine is not fully aware of the importance of cultural diplomacy tools for resolving the conflict situation related to the occupation of the Crimean Peninsula by the Russian Federation. Examining the content of the "Strategy of Public Policy of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Ukraine 2021-2025", a recommendation was made to supplement the list of target regions for cultural diplomacy of Ukraine with the Black Sea region as an integral socio-cultural object.

scholarly journals Заключительный этап истории в Восточном региональном образовании Скифии

2020 ◽  
Vol 29 ◽  
Author(s):  
В. Копылов ◽  
◽  
А. Коваленко ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Black Sea ◽  
Final Stage ◽  
River Mouth ◽  
Comprehensive Analysis ◽  
River Delta ◽  
Black Sea Region ◽  
Stable Period ◽  
Archaeological Materials ◽  
Don River ◽  
History Of

The paper deals with all kinds of sources concerning the final stage of the Scythian history in the area of the Tanais river mouth. Comprehensive analysis of archaeological materials shows that the crisis, which led to the end of the Great Scythia, started long before the turn of the 3rd century BC. In the 3rd quarter of the 4th century BC the Elizavetovskoe settlement was attacked by the Bosporan Kingdom. Consequently, a Greek quarter was founded within the Scythian settlement, and it is highly possible that the Scythians lost some of their control over the region. At the end of the 4th century BC the Bosporan Kingdom finally conquered the Elizavetovskoe settlement, displaced its Scythian population and founded the Great Greek colony at the place. At the same time other Scythians stayed in the region. In the mid 70s of the 3rd centure BC, a sudden military attack destroyed the unfortified Greek colony. That concludes the Scythian history of the region. There is no evidence that the Sarmatians took part in the events of second half of the 4th — first half of the 3rd century BC. Tanais, a new Bosporan colony, was founded in the mouth of the Don river delta. It was during another stable period in the Northern Black Sea region, so up to the turn of the 2nd century BC Tanais had no fortifications.

scholarly journals Chronometry of the Final Eneolithic Cemeteries at Święte, Jarosław District, from the Perspective of Cultural Relations Among Lesser Poland, Podolia and the North-Western Black Sea Region

2018 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 178-212
Author(s):  
Piotr Włodarczak
Keyword(s):  
Black Sea ◽  
Cultural Relations ◽  
Radiocarbon Dates ◽  
Black Sea Region ◽  
The North ◽  
Archaeological Materials ◽  
Absolute Age ◽  
Age Range ◽  
North Western ◽  
Catacomb Culture

Abstract The research on archaeological materials from sites 11, 15, and 20 at Święte produced a series of 13 radiocarbon dates for niche graves of the Corded Ware culture (CWC). The results are coherent and point to a range of 2550-2350 BC. This corresponds well with other results obtained for nearby CWC cemeteries in the Rzeszów Foothills, and is consistent with dates obtained for CWC graves in other regions in Lesser Poland: the Lesser Poland Upland, the Sokal Ridge, and the Lublin Upland. At the same time, the obtained absolute age range corresponds with a wave of influences from the North Pontic circle of steppe cultures and the Middle Dnieper culture. It can be synchronized with the beginning of the development of the classic variants of the Catacomb culture: the Ingul and Doniec variants.

scholarly journals Romanian naval dimplomacy, continuous evolution in the swirl of external diplomacy

2022 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
Ioan Gabriel Moise ◽  
Edith-Hilde Kaiter
Keyword(s):  
Black Sea ◽  
Economic Benefits ◽  
Regional Security ◽  
The Black Sea ◽  
Special Role ◽  
Black Sea Region ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The World ◽  
The Military ◽  
The Eu

From ancient times the dominion of the seas has been a condition for gaining power and influence, and the position of a state near a sea has been an advantage for both its development and the neighboring region.           Due to its geographical position, the Black Sea is a region of great importance for all actors claiming leading positions in the world hierarchy and the intensification of economic relations between the states of the region after the end of the Soviet monopoly and its connection to the world market generated auspices for a new cycle development and regional prosperity.         The relocation of the EU border to the Black Sea, along with the integration of Romania and Bulgaria, brings in many economic benefits, given its dependence on oil imports, but its expansion, like that of NATO, does not only mean benefits. The EU and NATO must also take on vulnerabilities in the area, such as underperforming economies, arms, drug and human trafficking, illegal immigration or frozen conflicts, and thus try to help stabilize the region. In recent years, the military has not only played a destabilizing role, but has made a decisive contribution to ensuring the security of the Black Sea region. In this sense, the military naval forces of the riparian countries, including Romania, had a special role. Through the wide range of missions in which the Romanian Naval Forces participate in the Danubian-Pontic space, both internally and externally, in cooperation with the states bordering the Black Sea and with the NATO member states, Romania contributes to the promotion of regional security and stability. The naval diplomacy actions carried out in the last thirty years thus reveal not only the role and purpose of the Romanian Naval Forces within NATO in the actions of maintaining and consolidating good relations with the states bordering the Black Sea, as well as maintaining security with allies in the distant maritime districts. They also point out that naval diplomacy has contributed to the expression of foreign policy in different areas and with means that have increased its effect, impact and efficiency.  

scholarly journals Crimea in the Era of Napoleon: the ‘French trace’ in regional politics

2019 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 540-559
Author(s):  
Denis V. Konkin
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Policy ◽  
Black Sea ◽  
The Black Sea ◽  
Russian Government ◽  
Black Sea Region ◽  
Russian Territory ◽  
The Status ◽  
The Crimea ◽  
The Russian Empire ◽  
The Military

When the Crimea acquired the status of Russian territory in 1783, it became an imperial ‘borderland’ a long way from Saint Petersburg. However, in the geopolitical aspirations of European powers, and, also, from the viewpoint of the Russian Empire, the Crimea was not a remote periphery. The Russian government consistently sought to attract colonists from abroad to the thinly-populated Black Sea region. Several attempts to do so ended in failure; one of these was the organization of farming colonies at the Sea of Azov for French royalist emigrants and military men from Condé’s army. In the era of Napoleon, France paid particular attention to the peninsula; in the complicated foreign policy conditions, France did not miss any opportunity to reconnoitre the internal situation of this potentially unstable province of Russia, with the goal to infl uence the position of the Ottomans towards this territory which at that time was largely populated by Muslims. The author emphasizes that an important aspect of Napoleon’s foreign policy was supporting anti-Russian sentiment in the Ottoman Empire. One of the obvious means to achieve this goal was focusing on the Crimea issue and promising assistance for returning the peninsula into the Ottoman sphere of infl uence. The Russian authorities did not neglect these attempts and countered them skilfully. The author argues that the success of Russia’s policy in the Crimea was mainly related to certain Frenchmen in Russian service. During the Russian-Ottoman confl ict of 1806-1812, the military and administrative measures conducted by Armand de Richelieu, the Governor of New Russia, and Jean de Traversay, the commander of the Black Sea Navy, became an important factor for providing a stable situation within the peninsula.

BURIALS OF WARRIORS-CHARIOTS OF PRE-SCYTHIAN TIME ON CRIMEAN PENINSULA

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (72) (4) ◽  
pp. 37-44
Author(s):  
S. G. Koltukhov
Keyword(s):  
Black Sea ◽  
Iron Age ◽  
European Part ◽  
Short Description ◽  
Crimean Peninsula ◽  
Black Sea Region ◽  
Eurasian Steppe

This note is sanctified to a short description of materials of two complexes of finds which are descended from burial places of Cimmerians warriors. One of the burials is located on the border of steppe and Foothill Crimea. It was discovered and dug out by archaeologists during the building of Taurida’s route in 2017, part of materials are published in 2018 — 2019. The second burial, which is localized in Steppe Crimea, was destroyed by robbers, and the saved material was purchased by a collector and published in 2017, Complexes are undoubtedly, bright. They are determined as burial places of warriors — riders of the Novocherkassk group of burials of pre-Scythian time. However, it is curious that there were various objects which are typical for the bridle of saddle-horses and for details and harnesses of chariots of VIII century B.C. in both complexes. Similar finds are infrequent, though they are known on Caucasus, rarely they can be found in North Black Sea Region. Chariots appeared in bronze century on the East of Eurasian steppe, however in European part of steppe corridor they appeared later, obviously not earlier than the beginning of iron age.

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