scholarly journals AN IMPACT OF DIGITALIZATION ON COMPETITION POLICY: WORLD’S PRACTICE AND UKRAINE

2019 ◽  
pp. 33-45
Author(s):  
Vasylyna Kolosha
Keyword(s):  
Market Share ◽  
Consumer Choice ◽  
Competition Policy ◽  
Network Effects ◽  
Personal Data ◽  
Consumer Welfare ◽  
Relevant Market ◽  
Digital Platforms ◽  
Scale Network ◽  
Almost All

The article examines an impact of digitalization on modern competition policy. Author proves that a necessity to modify traditional instruments of competition policy is caused by such special features of economic rivalry at the digital markets as significant return on scale, network effects and growing importance of data. Author argues that competition authorities face challenges caused by digitalization at the almost all stages of determining of firm’s dominant position, especially in the case of determining of relevant market, its participants and estimation of their market share. Special issues of the activity of digital platforms as a key competition subjects at modern markets are analyzed. Author proves that in the most cases it is appropriate to consider each side of the platform as a separate market when the relevant market is determined. Determination of a single market of intermediation services is justified only if the single price is set for all platform clients and if there is the same degree of substitution of the services for each consumer group. The article shows that it is necessary to consider positive cross-group effect when SSNІP-test is used for economic analysis of digital platforms activity. The problems of evaluation of business platforms market share are exposed. Author argues that usage of revenues as a basis for market share calculation is not appropriate if platform sets zero-price. In this case market share should be calculated based on the number of user or intensity of usage. It is proven that the main criterion of competition policy efficiency – consumer welfare – should include not only the price but also such parameters as privacy, consumer choice, protection of personal data, switching costs. A necessity of modification of Ukrainian competition policy in response to challenges of digital era is proven.

scholarly journals Digital economyand competition policy

2018 ◽  
pp. 36-41
Author(s):  
A. G. Atanasian
Keyword(s):  
Big Data ◽  
Speed Of Sound ◽  
Competition Policy ◽  
Network Effects ◽  
Sharing Economy ◽  
Digital Economy ◽  
International Competition ◽  
Rapid Adaptation ◽  
Digital Platforms ◽  
Adaptation Effects

The realities of digital economy make international competition community to face chal- lenges that require rapid adaptation. Effects of large hi-tech companies’ activity are still too hard to witness and to forecast. It is, however, obvious now that not only informa- tion, but also infringements of antimonopoly legislation are spreading at the speed of sound. This paper observes such important for antimonopoly regulation phenomena, as big data, digital platforms and network effects, sharing economy.

Putting trust into antitrust? Competition policy and data-driven platforms

2021 ◽  
pp. 026732312110283
Author(s):  
Stefan Larsson
Keyword(s):  
Competition Policy ◽  
Personal Data ◽  
Competition Law ◽  
Data Driven ◽  
Data Handling ◽  
Special Issue ◽  
Digital Platforms ◽  
Platform Governance ◽  
Consumer Autonomy ◽  
The Relationship

Anti-competitive notions, it seems, are increasingly informing the critical debate on a data-driven economy organised into scalable digital platforms. Issues of market definitions, how to value personal data on multisided platforms, and how to detect and regulate misuses of dominant positions have become key nomenclature on the battlefield of addressing fairness in our contemporary digital societies. This article looks at the central themes for this special issue on governing trust in European platform societies through the lens of contemporary developments in the field of competition law. Three main questions are addressed: (1) To what extent are the platforms’ own abilities to govern their infrastructures, that is, to be de facto regulators over both human behaviour and market circumstances, a challenge for contemporary competition regulation? (2) In what way is the collection, aggregation, or handling of consumers’ data of relevance for competition? (3) How can the particular European challenges of governing US-based digital platforms more broadly be understood in terms of the relationship between transparency and public trust? Of particular relevance – and challenge – here are the platforms’ abilities to govern their infrastructures, albeit through automated moderation, pricing or scalable data handling. It is argued that this aspect of coded, and possibly autonomously adapting, intra-platform governance, poses significant anti-competitive challenges for supervisory authorities, with possible negative implications for consumer autonomy and wellbeing as well as platform-dependent other companies.

1. Competition policy and economics

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard Whish ◽  
David Bailey
Keyword(s):  
Market Power ◽  
Market Share ◽  
Competition Policy ◽  
Competition Law ◽  
Consumer Welfare ◽  
Market Definition ◽  
Economic Context ◽  
Competition Laws ◽  
Competition Process

This chapter provides an overview of competition law and its economic context. Section 2 describes the practices that competition laws attempt to control in order to protect the competition process. Section 3 examines the theory of competition and gives an introductory account of why the effective enforcement of competition law is thought to be beneficial for consumer welfare. Section 4 considers the expected functions of a system of competition law. Section 5 then introduces two key economic concepts, market definition and market power, that are important to a better understanding of competition policy. The chapter concludes with a table of market share figures that are significant in the application of EU and UK competition law.

IPR Regime and Antitrust Implications of Mergers and Acquisitions: With a Focus on Software and Pharmaceutical Sector

2021 ◽  
pp. 0003603X2199702
Author(s):  
P. L. Beena
Keyword(s):  
Mergers And Acquisitions ◽  
Market Share ◽  
Competition Policy ◽  
Manufacturing Sector ◽  
Competitive Dynamics ◽  
Regulatory Mechanisms ◽  
Relevant Market ◽  
Knowledge Based ◽  
Start Ups ◽  
Abuse Of Dominance

This article seeks to analyze the trends and patterns of mergers and acquisitions (M&As) during the Trade-Related Intellectual Property Rights regime and addresses the antitrust issues related to innovation and competition in the framework of competition policy. Empirical evidence supports the view that enhancing size in terms of corporate control of equity, product market share, and innovation market share could be the motivations for the M&A phenomenon in the sector such as software and pharmaceuticals. These sectors were able to extract relatively more profit margin as compared to the manufacturing sector. This article further observes anticompetitive practices in terms of pricing and abuse of dominance in these two industries. The study argues for introducing regulatory mechanisms in the competition policy which could address the antitrust implications of M&As that are engaged in by knowledge-based firms and start-ups. This is because such acquisitions can reduce the incentives to innovate or change the innovative and competitive dynamics in the relevant market.

Effects of mergers on processed milk market in Kenya

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 480-500
Author(s):  
Patrick Chege Nderitu ◽  
Simon Wagura Ndiritu
Keyword(s):  
Mergers And Acquisitions ◽  
Performance Measures ◽  
Competition Policy ◽  
Consumer Welfare ◽  
Relevant Market ◽  
Product Price ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Consumer Prices ◽  
Market Shares ◽  
Milk Market

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to determine the effects of the mergers and acquisitions on market prices, consumer welfare and aggregate profit of the merging firms and those of the non-merging firms and, therefore, answer the question on the overall effect of mergers and acquisitions on different performance measures on milk market using data from all the 34 licensed and active milk processors in Kenya. Design/methodology/approach A new model of analysis as developed from the Canadian Competition Policy maker, i.e. The Canadian Competition Policy merger simulation model, was used. Findings The study found that mergers and acquisitions lead to increase in market shares of the merging firms. The study also found that mergers and acquisitions have a significant effect on product price in the processed milk market. From the findings, the study concludes that mergers and acquisition not only lead to an increase in market shares of both merging and non-merging processed milk firms but also create market dominance due to reduction in the number of market players in the industry. Research limitations/implications The study uses the data for the licensed and active milk processors in the industry. The dormant and the non-licensed processors are excluded. Future studies can use the farm-gate prices as opposed to final consumer prices for the processed milk market. Originality/value The study contributes toward providing information on the effect of buyouts on social welfares, prices, market share, profitability and other relevant market equilibrium performance measures in the processed milk market in Kenya.

Principles for sharing economy formation in the digital society

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (5) ◽  
pp. 800-821
Author(s):  
E.V. Popov ◽  
K.A. Semyachkov
Keyword(s):  
Network Effects ◽  
Sharing Economy ◽  
Network Effect ◽  
Industrial Society ◽  
Economic Activities ◽  
Digital Platforms ◽  
Digital Society ◽  
Modern Economy ◽  
Characteristic Features ◽  
The Impact

Subject. The article addresses economic relations that are formed in various areas of economic application of digital platforms. The target of the research is the modern economy of digital platforms across different economic activities. Objectives. The aim is to systematize principles for share economy formation in the context of the digital society development. Methods. We employ general scientific methods of research. Results. The study shows that the development of digital platforms is one of the most important trends in the development of the modern economy. We classified certain characteristic features of modern digital platforms, analyzed principles for their creation. The paper emphasizes that the network effects achieved through the use of digital platforms are an important factor in the development of the share economy. The network effect describes the impact of the number of the platform users on the value created for each of them. The paper also considers differences in the organization of traditional economy companies and companies that are based on the digital platform model, reveals specifics of changes in socio-economic systems caused by the development of digital platforms, systematizes principles of the sharing economy formation in the context of the digital society development. Conclusions. The analyzed principles for sharing economy development on the basis of digital platforms can be applied to create models for the purpose of forecasting the transformation of economic activity in the post-industrial society.

Mobile Marketing: Upcoming marketing tool for Entrepreneurs

2017 ◽  
Vol 3 (02) ◽  
Author(s):  
Bhagwan Singh ◽  
Sunita Yadav
Keyword(s):  
Market Share ◽  
General Public ◽  
Mobile Apps ◽  
Mobile Marketing ◽  
Good Market ◽  
Marketing Tool ◽  
Almost All

The Bhartiyamarket is changing overnight. The reforms taken by the current UPAgovernment regarding bold decisions like demonetization in November 2016 and forthcoming launch of GST on 1st July 2017 is changing the market facade in BHARAT. Latest innovation in technology is dictating the market and the youth of the country Bharat popularly called as India is depending on the technological reforms. The youths are enlisting themselves in rapid growing and developing technology and are very much adaptive to the change, thus, having complete dependency on the e-gadgets like smartphones, laptops, iPads and the like. This change is forcing the COF (Company Organization Firms) and marketers to use this tool through which they can sell their provices (products + services) and penetrate in the hands of the smartphone users by just launching mobile apps. The launching or developing of mobile apps is the market where almost all enterprises and rising entrepreneurs are keeping eye and want to capture good market share using this tool of mobile marketing. This study has tried to explain the usage and awareness of Mobile marketing as an upcoming tool for entrepreneurs based on the responses of the general public using mobile or smartphones.

Theory in closer contact with industrial life: American institutional economists on competition theory and policy

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-18
Author(s):  
Matthew T. Panhans ◽  
Reinhard Schumacher
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
Competition Policy ◽  
Self Regulation ◽  
Consumer Welfare ◽  
Antitrust Enforcement ◽  
Mainstream Economic ◽  
Competition Theory ◽  
One Stage ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Experimental Attitude

Abstract This paper investigates the views on competition theory and policy of the American institutional economists during the first half of the 20th century. These perspectives contrasted with those of contemporary neoclassical and later mainstream economic approaches. We identify three distinct dimensions to an institutionalist perspective on competition. First, institutionalist approaches focused on describing industry details, so as to bring theory into closer contact with reality. Second, institutionalists emphasized that while competition was sometimes beneficial, it could also be disruptive. Third, institutionalists had a broad view of the objectives of competition policy that extended beyond effects on consumer welfare. Consequently, institutionalists advocated for a wide range of policies to enhance competition, including industrial self-regulation, broad stakeholder representation within corporations, and direct governmental regulations. Their experimental attitude implied that policy would always be evolving, and antitrust enforcement might be only one stage in the development toward a regime of industrial regulation.

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