PSYCHOLOGICAL PECULIARITIES OF OLDER PRESCHOOL-AGE ORPHANS’ INTERPERSONAL RELATIONS

Interpersonal Relations ◽

Well Being ◽

Preschool Age ◽

Abnormal Development ◽

Orphaned Children ◽

Self Image

The article presents the research on the characteristics of older preschool-age orphans’ interpersonal relationships. It reveals differences between the functioning of the sphere of orphans’ interpersonal relations and that of children brought up in families. Orphans show higher interest in adults, indicating that orphans’ need in adults’ attention is not satisfied. The main motives for communication with adults in families are mutual interactions and cognitive needs, while the dominant motive of orphan children is searching for attention and kindness. Orphans show increased inclination to conflicts, cause for which are every-day issues and the struggle for adults’ attention and friendliness. The main cause of conflicts characteristic for family-raised children is their selfaffirmation in games. Orphans are less and less likely to express their own emotions when communicating. They rarely turn to their partners for some advice, support, and sharing of experiences, unlike children in families. Orphaned children feel indifference in relationships with peers. Differences were found between orphaned children and family-raised children as for well-being of relationships: orphans’ well-being is quite low, while family-raised children’s well-being is high. Orphaned children, due to problems in interpersonal relationships with adults and peers, have some deviations in the most important psychological formations: distortion of self image, delayed formation of subjective attitude to oneself, as well as slow and abnormal development of activity, which may further negative affect their psychological well-being.

INTERPERSONAL RELATIONS OF OLDER PRESCHOOL-AGE CHILDREN WHO ARE IN THE INSTITUTIONAL CARE

SOCIAL WELFARE INTERDISCIPLINARY APPROACH ◽

10.21277/sw.v1i9.465 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 1 (9) ◽

pp. 47

Author(s):

Alla Kovalenko

Keyword(s):

Interpersonal Relations ◽

Institutional Care ◽

Well Being ◽

Preschool Age ◽

Preschool Age Children ◽

The Future ◽

Children's Attitudes

<p>The article presents the research on the characteristics of the interpersonal relationships of older preschool-age children who are under institutional care. It reveals the dependence of the emotional components of such children’s attitudes to significant people and themselves on their status in the group. Children being brought up out of family have problems with their relationships with adults and peers; they have some deviations in the most important psychological formations, which in the future may negatively affect their psychological well-being.</p>

Loving Others: The Impact of Compassionate Love on Later-Life Psychological Well-Being

Innovation in Aging ◽

10.1093/geroni/igaa057.1554 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 4 (Supplement_1) ◽

pp. 480-481

Author(s):

Eva Kahana ◽

Tirth Bhatta ◽

Boaz Kahana ◽

Nirmala Lekhak

Keyword(s):

Older Adults ◽

Depressive Symptoms ◽

Negative Affect ◽

Positive Affect ◽

Emotional Support ◽

Later Life ◽

Well Being ◽

Compassionate Love ◽

The Impact

Abstract Existing scholarship in social gerontology has surprisingly paid little attention to broader loving emotions, such as compassionate and altruistic love, as potentially meaningful mechanisms for improving later life psychological well-being. This study examined the influence of feeling love toward other persons and experiencing love from others on later life psychological well-being. We conducted a 3-wave longitudinal study of a representative sample of 340 ethnically heterogeneous community dwelling older residents of Miami, Florida. The increase in feeling of being loved (β=-1.53, p<0.001) and love for others (β=-1.43, p<0.001) led to decline in odds of reporting greater level of depressive symptoms over time. The odds of reporting higher level of positive affect were significantly greater for older adults who reported feeling loved by others (β=1.16, p<0.001) and expressed love for other people (β=1.18, p<0.01). Older adults who felt loved had 0.92-point lower ordered log odds of reporting higher negative affect than those who reported lower level of love. The impact of compassionate love on depressive symptoms and negative affect remained statistically significant even after adjustment for altruistic attitudes and emotional support. The influence of loving emotions on positive affect was, however, explained by altruistic attitudes and emotional support. Our findings underscore the powerful influence of both receiving and giving love for the maintenance of later life psychological well-being. We offer support for the expectation that love is a significant force in the lives of older adults that transcends intimate relationships.

Interpersonal Relationships and Psychological Well-Being in Middle-Aged Persons

Aging and Technological Advances ◽

10.1007/978-1-4613-2401-0_24 ◽

1984 ◽

pp. 253-254

Author(s):

Joachim Wittkowski

Keyword(s):

Well Being ◽

Middle Aged ◽

Psychological Well Being

Questions of Time and Affect: A person’s affectivity profile, time perspective, and well-being

10.7287/peerj.preprints.1630v1 ◽

2016 ◽

Author(s):

Danilo Garcia ◽

Uta Sailer ◽

Ali Al Nima ◽

Trevor Archer

Keyword(s):

Negative Affect ◽

Positive Affect ◽

Time Perspective ◽

Structural Equation Models ◽

Well Being ◽

Satisfaction With Life Scale ◽

Short Version ◽

The Past ◽

Balanced Time Perspective

Background: A “balanced” time perspective has been suggested to have a positive influence on well-being: a sentimental and positive view of the past (high Past Positive), a less pessimistic attitude toward the past (low Past Negative), the desire of experiencing pleasure with slight concern for future consequences (high Present Hedonistic), a less fatalistic and hopeless view of the future (low Present Fatalistic), and the ability to find reward in achieving specific long-term goals (high Future). We used the affective profiles model (i.e., combinations of individuals’ experience of high/low positive/negative affectivity) to investigate differences between individuals in time perspective dimensions and to investigate if the influence of time perspective dimensions on well-being was moderated by the individual’s type of profile. Method: Participants (N = 720) answered to the Positive Affect Negative Affect Schedule, the Zimbardo Time Perspective Inventory and two measures of well-being: the Temporal Satisfaction With Life Scale and the Scales of Psychological Well-Being-short version. A Multivariate Analysis of Variance (MANOVA) was conducted to identify differences in time perspective dimensions and well-being among affective profiles. Four Structural Equation Models (SEM) were used to investigate which time perspective dimensions predicted well-being for each profile. Results: Comparisons between individuals at the extreme of the affective profiles model suggested that individuals with a self-fulfilling profile (high positive/low negative affect) were characterized by a “balanced” time perspective and higher well-being compared to individuals with a self-destructive profile (low positive/high negative affect). However, a different pattern emerged when individuals who differed in one affect dimension but matched in the other were compared to each other. For instance, decreases in the past negative time perspective dimension lead to high positive affect when negative affect is high (i.e., self-destructive vs. high affective) but to low negative affect when positive affect was high (i.e., high affective vs. self-fulfilling). The moderation analyses showed, for example, that for individuals with a self-destructive profile, psychological well-being was significantly predicted by the past negative, present fatalistic and future time perspectives. Among individuals with a high affective or a self-fulfilling profile, psychological well-being was significantly predicted by the present fatalistic dimension. Conclusions: The interactions found here go beyond the postulation of a “balanced” time perspective being the only way of promoting well-being. Instead, it presents a more person-centered approach to achieve higher levels of emotional, cognitive, and psychological well-being.

LIETUVOS GYVENTOJŲ REPREZENTATYVIOS IMTIES PSICHOLOGINĖS GEROVĖS STRUKTŪRA

Psichologija ◽

10.15388/psichol.2013.1.2629 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 48 ◽

pp. 7-19

Author(s):

A. Kairys ◽

A. Liniauskaitė ◽

A. Bagdonas ◽

V. Pakalniškienė

Keyword(s):

Physical Health ◽

Structural Equation ◽

Interpersonal Relations ◽

Negative Affectivity ◽

Well Being ◽

Second Order ◽

Living Standards ◽

Health Satisfaction ◽

High Internal Consistency

Straipsnyje pristatomos 16–89 metų Lietuvos gyventojų reprezentatyvios imties asmens psichologinės gerovės struktūros paieškos, naudojant Lietuviškąją psichologinės gerovės skalę (LPGS). Atlikus patvirtinamąją faktorių analizę išryškėjo vieno faktoriaus psichologinės gerovės modelis, apimantis abu gerovės aspektus – hedoninį ir eudaimoninį. Išskirti septyni gerovės komponentai: optimizmas / kontrolė; pasitenkinimas pragyvenimo lygiu; negatyvus emocingumas; pasitenkinimas šeima ir artimaisiais; pasitenkinimas tarpasmeniniais santykiais; pasitenkinimas fizine sveikata; pasitenkinimas darbu. Du teiginiai, matuojantys pasitenkinimą gyvenimu Lietuvoje, į faktorių analizę nebuvo įtraukti. Skalei ir subskalėms būdingas labai geras vidinis suderintumas.Pagrindiniai žodžiai: psichologinė gerovė, jos struktūra, Lietuviškoji psichologinės gerovės skalė (LPGS).Verification of the structure of psychological well-being in a representative Lithuanian sampleKairys A., Liniauskaitė A., Bagdonas A., Pakalniškienė V. SummarySome studies focusing on well-being were unable to distinguish two – hedonic and eudaimonic – components of well-being (Vitterso et al., 2010; Kashdan et al., 2008; Šarakauskienė, 2012). Previous comparatively smaller sample researches, conducted by the authors of this article, also yielded a single psychological well-being phenomenon (Bagdonas ir kt., 2012; 2013). Although a slightly different structure was established, studies could not isolate two traditional – hedonic and eudaimonic – components. The aim of this study was to verify the structure of psychological well-being in a representative Lithuanian sample using the original Lithuanian Psychological Well-being Scale.Methods. 1202 Lithuanian citizens aged 16–89 were enrolled in the research (M = 45.5 years, SD = 18.7 years). The study sample was representative of the Lithuanian population aged from 16 to 89 years according to gender, age, educational level, nationality, type of settlement, and region. The Lithuanian Psychological Well-being Scale, which consists of seven subscales (optimism / control, satisfaction with living standards, negative affectivity, satisfaction with relatives, satisfaction with interpersonal relations, satisfaction with physical health, satisfaction with work) was used in this study. Two items that depict satisfaction with living in Lithuania were not included in the factor analysis. The analysis of the data was conducted using the SPSS 20 and structural equation modelling AMOS software.Results. The data obtained from the Lithuanian representative sample supports the same factor structure of the Lithuanian Psychological Well-being Scale (χ2 = 4851.0; df = 1487; p < 0.0001; RMSEA = 0.043; CFI = 0.9; TLI = 0.889) that was established by previous studies. The scale consists of optimism / control, satisfaction with living standards, negative affectivity, satisfaction with relatives, satisfaction with interpersonal relations, satisfaction with physical health, and satisfaction with work subscales. All the mentioned subscales have a high internal consistency (Cronbach α is no less than 0.8).The testing of the second-order factor models has shown that psychological well-being is as coherent and unanimous phenomenon; even when two second-order factors representing the hedonic and eudaimonic aspects of well-being are omitted in the model, the correlation between those two is very high (>0.8). The obtained results do not support the idea that the construct of well-being consists of two different foci; it seems like there are no hedonic or eudaimonic well-being, but just person’s psychological well-being.

ORPHANHOOD EFFECT ON PRIMARY SCHOOL PUPILS’ INTERPERSONAL RELATIONSHIPS IN KENYA

Problems of Education in the 21st Century ◽

10.33225/pec/12.49.40 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 49 (1) ◽

pp. 40-47

Author(s):

Beatrice M. Mburugu ◽

Micah C. Chepchieng ◽

Teresa C. Kattam

Keyword(s):

Gender Differences ◽

Primary School ◽

School Counselors ◽

Primary Schools ◽

Well Being ◽

Being There ◽

Sampling Procedures ◽

Primary School Pupils

In Kenya, orphanhood has risen and affected many children among them primary school pupils. A parent’s death may affect children’s psychological well being. There is a close coherence between children’s psychological well-beings and their interpersonal relationships. Children who have poor psychological well-being are likely to be withdrawn, experience low self-esteem and have poor adaptations to human functioning and life experiences. These conditions affect their relations with others hence become deviants. A literature gap exists in Kenya on orphanhood’s effect children’s relations with other pupils thus motivating the authors to come up with such a study. Thus, the objective of the study was to establish the influence of orphanhood on pupils’ interpersonal relationships in public primary schools by comparing the mean scores in pupils’ interpersonal relationships between the orphaned and the non-orphaned pupils. Also, establish whether gender differences exist in interpersonal relationships between the orphaned pupils. Causal-Comparative research design was considered appropriate for the study because of the comparison of groups. A sample of 110 pupils (55 orphaned and 55 non-orphaned) drawn from 10 primary schools was involved in the study. The pupils were drawn from primary classes 6 and 7. The sample was selected by using purposive and stratified random sampling procedures. A questionnaire was used to collect data which was analyzed by use of independent sample t-test. The study established that orphanhood has a significant effect on interpersonal relationships among pupils in primary schools in Kenya. It was also established that significant gender differences exist in the effect that orphanhood exert on pupils; with boys being more affected than the girls. From the findings, it is evident that absence of parents negatively affect the interpersonal skills of children particularly the boy-child. Such children need counseling interventions to counter these effects. It is therefore recommended that school counselors, teachers and school administrators in Kenya should assist orphaned pupils cope with the loss of their parents by offering psychological and social support to them. This is because the poor interpersonal relationships of orphaned pupils may affect various aspects of their lives that include academics and discipline among others. Key words: effect, interpersonal, relationships, orphanhood, primary school pupil.

Expansion of the Open Area (Johari Window) and Group Work Directed to Enhancing the Level of Subjective Well-being

Journal of Education and Training Studies ◽

10.11114/jets.v7i5.4128 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 7 (5) ◽

pp. 76

Author(s):

Devrim Erginsoy Osmanoğlu

Keyword(s):

Psychological Health ◽

Group Work ◽

Positive Emotions ◽

Interpersonal Relations ◽

Well Being ◽

Subjective Well Being ◽

Open Area ◽

The People ◽

Johari Window

Open and healthy communication plays an important role in the determination of human relations. While people are interpreting the bodily feedbacks given by the people they are communicating with to understand their intentions, they rely on the information they give about themselves; that is, their explanations about themselves. The Johari Window technique is the technique that supports the creation of trust in interpersonal relations, as well as the elimination of problems arising in the communication used in counseling processes. According to this technique, the area including an individual's behaviors, attitudes, feelings, experiences, skills or clear information about how he/she looks is called the open area. This area’s being broad plays an important role in the individual’s developing close relationships with other members of society, in his/her happiness or in his/her living positive emotions. In many studies, it was determined that both the physical health and psychological health of the people who shared their knowledge about themselves were positively affected. The purpose of the current study is to expand the open area of the group members participating in nine-session group work by using Johari window so that their understanding and awareness of themselves can be improved and their understanding of others can be enhanced and they can be enabled to see interpersonal differences. The study group of the current research is comprised of 12 students; 5 females and 7 males, from the Department of Psychological Counseling and Guidance who participated in the study on a volunteer basis. In the current study, in order to collect data, the Psychological Well-being Scale, which was developed on the basis of Ryff's (1989) psychological well-being model and the Johari Window Evaluation Form developed according to the model proposed by Joseph Luft and Harry Ingham were used. According to the posttest results obtained at the end of the study, it was observed that the open areas of the university students participating in the group work were expanded and their scores taken from the sub-dimension “positive relationships with others” of the subjective well-being increased.

Social discrimination and stigma on the community of health professionals during the Covid-19 pandemic. An ethnographic approach

10.1101/2021.10.28.21265608 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Alexandros Argyriadis ◽

Athina Patelarou ◽

Vasiliki Kitsona ◽

Alexandra Trivli ◽

Evridiki Patelarou ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Social Environment ◽

Family Environment ◽

Health Professionals ◽

Interpersonal Relations ◽

Well Being ◽

Social Discrimination ◽

Structured Interviews ◽

Ethnographic Approach ◽

The Government

Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus Type 2 (SARS-CoV-2) that caused the pandemic since March 2020, has affected among others, health professionals who work in covid-19 units by facing social discrimination. The aim of this study was to record the experiences of health professionals working in the first line of treatment of the pandemic, to analyse the effects of the pandemic on the interpersonal relationships of health professionals, and to ask about the stigma they faced during their work with people with covid-19. This is a qualitative study with an ethnographic approach based on 160 semi-structured interviews with health professionals living and working in the Epirus Region, Greece. For the data collection we used semi-structured interviews, discussions and participatory observation. Specifically, the interviews were conducted on health professionals and more specifically doctors, nurses, rescuers, physiotherapists and administrative staff, working in covid-19 units at the University General Hospital of Ioannina (Reference hospital for Ioannina, in Epirus), which assists in the treatment of patients with covid-19, and in the branch of the rescue department of Ioannina. The data were analysed in four thematic units based on their common characteristics: a) emotions and experiences of health professionals, b) interpersonal relations of health professionals, c) social exclusion and discrimination, and d) health professionals as patients. The results showed that the main emotions that health professionals experienced when they were moved to covid-19 clinics were fear, anxiety, distress, anger and insecurity. These feelings worsened when their family environment treated them with fear and hesitancy. Their social environment tended to avoid them, leading to a state of self-isolation. To conclude, health professionals faced discriminating behaviors and stigma both from their families and social environment, and from other health professionals. The government struggled to handle the situation in keeping a balance between both the security and well-being of health professionals as it was not prepared for a pandemic like this.

Does Affect Influence Coping Styles among People from North India During the Pandemic? Implications for Psychological Well-Being

10.31219/osf.io/5ntsy ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Shreya Verma ◽

Meetu Khosla ◽

Garima Goel

Keyword(s):

Negative Affect ◽

Positive Affect ◽

Coping Styles ◽

Affective State ◽

Well Being ◽

North India ◽

Positive And Negative Affect ◽

Coping Scale ◽

Males And Females

Does affect influence coping styles among people from North India during the COVID pandemic? This study investigates how affective state influences the coping styles of people from North India and to examine its impact on psychological well-being. Coping styles, PA, negative affect, and psychological well-being of the sample (n=220; 105 males (46%) and 115 females (53.5%)) (Mean Age= 30.75) (SD= 15.36 years) were analysed during the pandemic. Coping styles were assessed using the Coping Scale (Hamby, Grych, & Banyard, 2013), psychological well-being was assessed using the Ryff Scale of Psychological Well-Being (Ryff and Keyes, 1995) and affect was evaluated using The Positive and Negative Affect Schedule (PANAS) (Watson, Clark, & Tellengen, 1988). The findings revealed that coping was positively related to psychological well-being but negatively related to Negative Affect (NA). Positive Affect (PA) was positively related to psychological well-being but negatively related to coping. Additionally, significant differences were seen in the PA and negative affect of males and females. Implications of psychological well-being are further discussed.

Displacement through incarceration: an opportunity for personal re-engagement

The Journal of Adult Protection ◽

10.1108/jap-09-2018-0017 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 21 (1) ◽

pp. 36-45

Author(s):

David N. Eades

Keyword(s):

Interpersonal Relations ◽

Well Being ◽

Significant Other ◽

Structured Interviews ◽

Formerly Incarcerated ◽

Content Type ◽

Field Notes ◽

Carceral Geography ◽

The Impact

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to highlight that interpersonal relations within a visits venue in a carceral space can be restorative. This provides implications for staff working in institutions to support a visits programme to assist those incarcerated. Design/methodology/approach The experiences of those formerly incarcerated are captured through an ethnography of engagement by way of semi-structured interviews and field notes. In methodology it draws upon the fields of criminology and prison sociology, and in particular using an ethnographic approach within the field of Carceral Geography. Findings Interpersonal relationships developed, with a “significant other” within the liminality of displacement, are therapeutic in nature and potentially contribute to ongoing healthier relationships than previously experienced, once a person is released from incarceration. These also assist those incarcerated transition into the community when released. Research limitations/implications The sample within the study was only small, did not include the impact of family members, nor the impact of not having visitors upon people who are incarcerated. The feedback received was all positive. Other people might have had alternative experiences that were not captured in this study. Practical implications A practical outcome of this research is to encourage the development of interpersonal relationships and the reconstruction of social networks for those incarcerated as a means of early intervention for their recovery and future progress reintegrating back into society. Social implications The impact of a significant other helps those formerly incarcerated to value the importance of close supportive relationships in contributing to the lives of others socially. Originality/value Assisting those incarcerated develop a relationship with a significant other provides a unique protective element as a social intervention. Staff within institutions have a unique role within their service to facilitate visitors and to encourage those incarcerated to connect with a significant other so as to help their mental health, support their general well-being and give them hope for the future.