Social Networks of Help-Seeking in Different Types of Disaster Responses to the 2008 Mississippi River Floods

2015 ◽  
Vol 74 (4) ◽  
pp. 351-361 ◽  
Author(s):  
David G. Casagrande ◽  
Heather McIlvaine-Newsad ◽  
Eric C. Jones
Keyword(s):  
Social Networks ◽  
Mississippi River ◽  
Social Stratification ◽  
Help Seeking ◽  
Weak Ties ◽  
Theory Approach ◽  
Bonding Social Capital ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Life Threatening

We conducted thirty-two interviews and four focus groups in Illinois after extensive flooding in 2008 to determine whether people use social networks in different ways when responding to different types of challenges before, during, and after the flood. Using a grounded theory approach to analyze narratives of interviewees recalling events, we coded sections of text using “social relationship” and “response” as sensitizing concepts. Results showed people relied most on immediate family when securing life. Networks expanded to friends, neighbors, professionals, and volunteers during non-life-threatening preparation and immediate recovery. Immediately before the disaster's impact, social networks extended outward into weak ties in a spirit of communitas. During long-term recovery, interviewees were most isolated and relied heavily on immediate family and professionals. The concepts of bridging and bonding social capital may be more important for understanding non-vital response, whereas strong and weak ties are more relevant for understanding evacuation and long-term recovery. Strong and weak ties best help explain post-disaster social stratification. Policies aimed at enhancing recovery should recognize that the roles of social networks are constantly changing.

scholarly journals Features of communication in specialized social networks (on the example of Internet sites associated with the practice of "hand-made")

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
A.M. Siyukhova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Social Networks ◽  
Social Stratification ◽  
Social Life ◽  
Social Characteristics ◽  
Network Communication ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Security Level ◽  
Social Production ◽  
Horizontal Structure

The article discusses a method of social communication on the Internet based on general professional hobbies in the field of amateur creativity. The relevance of the topic is substantiated by the fact that social life of a modern person in the sphere of social production seems to be extremely formalized, often not allowing the manifestation of personal individuality, which can affect the state of both an individual and society as a whole. Compensating for this deficit makes it possible to engage in amateur creativity in various fields, and communication in social networks with like-minded hobbies can enhance the sociocultural effect of creative satisfaction. The method of analyzing documents (posts of forum participants on the site of sewers "burdastyle.ru") has been used in the research. The analysis has shown that the initially horizontal structure of network communication in the process of forming a network community gradually acquires the properties of a vertical hierarchy, where each participant receives his/her conditional social status with his/her inherent role. Thus, the effect of social stratification arises according to significant social characteristics (material security, level of education, etc.). Long-term participation in network communication with specific participants through the monitor leads to the fact that it can be perceived as a kind of plot of a series, where forum participants acquire the qualities of character-types. The main conclusion of the article is that the creative potential of handmade placed in the Internet space increases many times over, and as a result, an atmosphere of collective immersion into the depths of artistic communication with its inherent function of increasing the vital energy of society and individuals arises.

scholarly journals Motivation to use big data and big data analytics in external auditing

2019 ◽  
Vol 34 (7) ◽  
pp. 750-782 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lina Dagilienė ◽  
Lina Klovienė
Keyword(s):  
Big Data ◽  
Data Analytics ◽  
Big Data Analytics ◽  
Constructivist Grounded Theory ◽  
Theory Approach ◽  
Motivating Factors ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Current Practices

Purpose This paper aims to explore organisational intentions to use Big Data and Big Data Analytics (BDA) in external auditing. This study conceptualises different contingent motivating factors based on prior literature and the views of auditors, business clients and regulators regarding the external auditing practices and BDA. Design/methodology/approach Using the contingency theory approach, a literature review and 21 in-depth interviews with three different types of respondents, the authors explore factors motivating the use of BDA in external auditing. Findings The study presents a few key findings regarding the use of BD and BDA in external auditing. By disclosing a comprehensive view of current practices, the authors identify two groups of motivating factors (company-related and institutional) and the circumstances in which to use BDA, which will lead to the desired outcomes of audit companies. In addition, the authors emphasise the relationship of audit companies, business clients and regulators. The research indicates a trend whereby external auditors are likely to focus on the procedures not only to satisfy regulatory requirements but also to provide more value for business clients; hence, BDA may be one of the solutions. Research limitations/implications The conclusions of this study are based on interview data collected from 21 participants. There is a limited number of large companies in Lithuania that are open to co-operation. Future studies may investigate the issues addressed in this study further by using different research sites and a broader range of data. Practical implications Current practices and outcomes of using BD and BDA by different types of respondents differ significantly. The authors wish to emphasise the need for audit companies to implement a BD-driven approach and to customise their audit strategy to gain long-term efficiency. Furthermore, the most challenging factors for using BDA emerged, namely, long-term audit agreements and the business clients’ sizes, structures and information systems. Originality/value The original contribution of this study lies in the empirical investigation of the comprehensive state-of-the-art of BDA usage and motivating factors in external auditing. Moreover, the study examines the phenomenon of BD as one of the most recent and praised developments in the external auditing context. Finally, a contingency-based theoretical framework has been proposed. In addition, the research also makes a methodological contribution by using the approach of constructivist grounded theory for the analysis of qualitative data.

Social Networks and Port Traffic in Early Modern Overseas Trade

2015 ◽  
Vol 39 (2) ◽  
pp. 151-173 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emily Erikson ◽  
Sampsa Samila
Keyword(s):  
Social Networks ◽  
Early Modern ◽  
Social Interactions ◽  
Early Modern Period ◽  
Weak Ties ◽  
Trade Patterns ◽  
Modern Period ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Informal Relations ◽  
The Relationship

Individuals engaged in overseas trade in the early modern period often faced high levels of uncertainty regarding their prospects for trade. One way of managing uncertainty is to gather information from others through social interactions, that is, through social networks. Here we consider how social ties impacted trade patterns by analyzing the relationship between port traffic and early modern ship captains’ exposure to information about ports using informal relations. We consider the possible impact of strong and weak ties and the use of ties under different types of uncertainty. The analysis suggests that social networks encouraged trade at port cities with already high rates of traffic, though this effect is less pronounced than for other means through which information was distributed throughout the trade system.

The Acute Effect of Alcohol on Various Memory Processes

2010 ◽  
Vol 24 (4) ◽  
pp. 249-252 ◽  
Author(s):  
Márk Molnár ◽  
Roland Boha ◽  
Balázs Czigler ◽  
Zsófia Anna Gaál
Keyword(s):  
Low Dose ◽  
Short Term Memory ◽  
Acute Effect ◽  
Long Term Memory ◽  
Term Memory ◽  
Memory Processes ◽  
Different Types ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Legal Consequences

This review surveys relevant and recent data of the pertinent literature regarding the acute effect of alcohol on various kinds of memory processes with special emphasis on working memory. The characteristics of different types of long-term memory (LTM) and short-term memory (STM) processes are summarized with an attempt to relate these to various structures in the brain. LTM is typically impaired by chronic alcohol intake but according to some data a single dose of ethanol may have long lasting effects if administered at a critically important age. The most commonly seen deleterious acute effect of alcohol to STM appears following large doses of ethanol in conditions of “binge drinking” causing the “blackout” phenomenon. However, with the application of various techniques and well-structured behavioral paradigms it is possible to detect, albeit occasionally, subtle changes of cognitive processes even as a result of a low dose of alcohol. These data may be important for the consideration of legal consequences of low-dose ethanol intake in conditions such as driving, etc.

The Arabic Origins of English and Indo-European “Definite Articles”: A Radical Linguistic Theory Approach

2016 ◽  
Vol 4 (6) ◽  
pp. 26
Author(s):  
Zaidan Ali Jassem
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Method ◽  
Linguistic Theory ◽  
General Level ◽  
Theory Approach ◽  
Tree Model ◽  
Linguistic Change ◽  
European Languages ◽  
The Family ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Definite Articles

This paper traces the Arabic origins or cognates of the “definite articles” in English and Indo-European languages from a radical linguistic (or lexical root) theory perspective. The data comprises the definite articles in English, German, French, Spanish, Portuguese, Italian, Romanian, Latin, Greek, Macedonian, Russian, Polish, Sanskrit, Hindi, Bengali, Persian, and Arabic. The results clearly indicate that five different types of such articles emerged in the data, all of which have true Arabic cognates with the same or similar forms and meanings, whose differences are due to natural and plausible causes and different routes of linguistic change, especially lexical, semantic, or morphological shift. Therefore, the results support the adequacy of the radical linguistic theory according to which, unlike the Family Tree Model or Comparative Method, Arabic, English, German, French, Latin, Greek, and Sanskrit not only belong to the same language family, renamed Eurabian or Urban family, but also are dialects of the same language, with Arabic being their origin all because only it shares the whole cognates with them all and because it has a huge phonetic, morphological, grammatical, and lexical variety. They also manifest fundamental flaws and grave drawbacks which plague English and Indo-European lexicography for ignoring Arabic as an ultimate ancestor and progenitor not only in the treatment of the topic at hand but in all others in general. On a more general level, they also show that there is a radical language from which all human languages stemmed and which has been preserved almost intact in Arabic, thus being the most conservative and productive language

Effect of sleep on memory for binding different types of visual information

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
John J Shaw ◽  
Zhisen Urgolites ◽  
Padraic Monaghan
Keyword(s):  
Visual Information ◽  
Storage Capacity ◽  
Declarative Memory ◽  
Recognition Task ◽  
Forced Choice ◽  
Long Term Memory ◽  
Term Memory ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Types Of Information

Visual long-term memory has a large and detailed storage capacity for individual scenes, objects, and actions. However, memory for combinations of actions and scenes is poorer, suggesting difficulty in binding this information together. Sleep can enhance declarative memory of information, but whether sleep can also boost memory for binding information and whether the effect is general across different types of information is not yet known. Experiments 1 to 3 tested effects of sleep on binding actions and scenes, and Experiments 4 and 5 tested binding of objects and scenes. Participants viewed composites and were tested 12-hours later after a delay consisting of sleep (9pm-9am) or wake (9am-9pm), on an alternative forced choice recognition task. For action-scene composites, memory was relatively poor with no significant effect of sleep. For object-scene composites sleep did improve memory. Sleep can promote binding in memory, depending on the type of information to be combined.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document