A Multidimensional Measure of Diarrheal Disease Load Changes Resulting from Access to Improved Water Sources in Honduras

2009 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
pp. 15-20 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeffery Deal ◽  
Sylvia Nazar ◽  
Ronald Delaney ◽  
Micah Sorum ◽  
Thomas Leatherman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Diarrheal Disease ◽  
Water Sources ◽  
Morbidity And Mortality ◽  
Multidimensional Measure ◽  
Quality Of Water ◽  
Waterborne Illnesses ◽  
Access And Quality ◽  
The Impact

Waterborne illnesses continue to be a major source of morbidity and mortality in developing countries. A myriad of interventions to improve both access and quality of water for household use has been used. The impact of these interventions is most commonly measured by self-reported frequencies of diarrhea, a method prone to significant reporting bias.

scholarly journals Organik Tavukçulukta İçme Suyu Özellikleri, Beslemedeki Önemi ve Su Kalitesini Artırmaya Yönelik Uygulamalar

2013 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hasan Eleroğlu ◽  
Arda Yıldırım ◽  
Ahmet Şekeroğlu
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Water Sources ◽  
Organic Production ◽  
Poultry Production ◽  
Water Contaminants ◽  
Quality Of Water ◽  
Quality Of Products ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
The Impact

The source of water, the content and quality is very important used in every stage of poultry production. The birds must have continuous access and supply of quality water without any antibiotic and bacteriological residues. Sensory, physiochemical properties and chemical composition must be taken into consideration while assessing water quality. The quality of water used in the production of conventional or organic poultry has impacts on the poultry health, quality of products and human health. The impact of water quality is higher on the functionality of water in live organism and the consumption amount varies depending on many factors. A source of water which is used in organic production is also important with their characteristics. Different water sources may be used for animal consumption, such as springs, shallow wells, deep and artesian wells, lakes and creeks. Organic farms should regularly submit water samples to a laboratory for testing of water quality against the possibility of contamination of water sources. Water contaminants could create equipment problems and restrict the amount of water available for consumption therefore affects the quality of products. There are many aspects to the broad problems of water quality and different physical and chemical applications used to ensure sustainability of water quality for human and animal use. In this review, it will be focused on the quality of the water to be used in the organic poultry production and quality enhancing physical and chemical applications.

scholarly journals Migration infrastructures and the production of migrants’ irregularity in Japan and the United Kingdom

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nando Sigona ◽  
Jotaro Kato ◽  
Irina Kuznetsova
Keyword(s):  
Legal Status ◽  
Qualitative Interviews ◽  
Legal Violence ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
The Social ◽  
Access And Quality ◽  
The Uk ◽  
The Impact

AbstractThe article examines the migration infrastructures and pathways through which migrants move into, through and out of irregular status in Japan and the UK and how these infrastructures uniquely shape their migrant experiences of irregularity at key stages of their migration projects.Our analysis brings together two bodies of migration scholarship, namely critical work on the social and legal production of illegality and the impact of legal violence on the lives of immigrants with precarious legal status, and on the role of migration infrastructures in shaping mobility pathways.Drawing upon in-depth qualitative interviews with irregular and precarious migrants in Japan and the UK collected over a ten-year period, this article develops a three-pronged analysis of the infrastructures of irregularity, focusing on infrastructures of entry, settlement and exit, casting a comparative light on the mechanisms that produce precarious and expendable migrant lives in relation to access to labour and labour conditions, access and quality of housing and law enforcement, and how migrants adapt, cope, resist or eventually are overpowered by them.

Towards a Universal Social Impact Metric for Engineered Products That Alleviate Poverty

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Phillip D. Stevenson ◽  
Christopher A. Mattson ◽  
Kenneth M. Bryden ◽  
Nordica A. MacCarty
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Developing Countries ◽  
Social Impact ◽  
Multidimensional Poverty ◽  
Social Impacts ◽  
Five Dimensions ◽  
Multidimensional Poverty Index ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Impact

More than ever before, engineers are creating products for developing countries. One of the purposes of these products is to improve the consumer’s quality of life. Currently, there is no established method of measuring the social impact of these types of products. As a result, engineers have used their own metrics to assess their product’s impact, if at all. Some of the common metrics used include products sold and revenue, which measure the financial success of a product without recognizing the social successes or failures it might have. In this paper we introduce a potential metric, the Product Impact Metric (PIM), which quantifies the impact a product has on impoverished individuals — especially those living in developing countries. It measures social impact broadly in five dimensions: health, education, standard of living, employment quality, and security. The PIM is inspired by the Multidimensional Poverty Index (MPI) created by the United Nations Development Programme. The MPI measures how the depth of poverty within a nation changes year after year, and the PIM measures how an individual’s quality of life changes after being affected by an engineered product. The Product Impact Metric can be used to predict social impacts (using personas that represent real individuals) or measure social impacts (using specific data from products introduced into the market).

scholarly journals The Impact of RSV-Associated Respiratory Disease on Children in Asia

2018 ◽  
Vol 14 (03) ◽  
pp. 079-088
Author(s):  
Maduja Divarathne ◽  
Rukshan Ahamed ◽  
Faseeha Noordeen
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Developing Countries ◽  
Disease Burden ◽  
Heart Diseases ◽  
Epidemiological Studies ◽  
Morbidity And Mortality ◽  
Life Years ◽  
Rsv Infection ◽  
Tract Infections ◽  
The Impact

AbstractAcute respiratory tract infections (ARTIs) are leading contributors to the global infectious disease burden, which is estimated to be 112,900,000 disability adjusted life years. Viruses contribute to the etiology of ARTIs in a big way compared with other microorganisms. Since the discovery of respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) 61 years ago, the virus has been recognized as a major cause of ARTI and hospitalization in children. The morbidity and mortality attributable to RSV infection appear to be higher in infants < 3 months and in those with known risk factors such as prematurity, chronic lung, and congenital heart diseases. Crowded living conditions, exposure to tobacco smoke, and industrial or other types of air pollution also increase the risk of RSV-associated ARTI. Many epidemiological studies have been conducted in developed countries to understand the seasonal patterns and risk factors associated with RSV infections. Dearth of information on RSV-associated morbidity and mortality in Asian and developing countries indicates the need for regional reviews to evaluate RSV-associated disease burden in these countries. Epidemiological studies including surveillance is the key to track the disease burden including risk factors, seasonality, morbidity, and mortality associated with RSV infection in these countries. These data will contribute to improve the clinical diagnosis and plan preventive strategies in resource-limited developing countries.

scholarly journals Quality of water sources in Southwestern Uganda using the compartment bag test (CBT): a cross-sectional descriptive study

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 683-693
Author(s):  
Richard Onyuthi Apecu ◽  
Lucas Ampaire ◽  
Edgar Mugema Mulogo ◽  
Fred Norman Bagenda ◽  
Afsatou Traore ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Samples ◽  
Water Sources ◽  
World Health ◽  
Most Probable Number ◽  
Physical Parameters ◽  
Probable Number ◽  
Gravitational Flow ◽  
Quality Of Water ◽  
Compartment Bag Test

Abstract The aim of this study was to assess the bacteriological quality of water sources in the two rural areas of Uganda using the compartment bag test (CBT). In total, 200 water samples were collected from 69 different water sources and processed within 6 h of collection. Positive and negative controls were processed each day together with water samples. Physical parameters were measured in situ. Descriptive statistics were used to generate mean, minimum, maximum, standard deviations and percentages. The results indicated that 29% of the water sources met the National Standards and World Health Organization (WHO) Guidelines for drinking water. Sixty percent of the borehole, 44% of gravitational flow taps and 14% of roof rain water met the required standards. Of the open water sources, 75% of the rivers, 50% of open channels and 43% of unprotected dug wells plus 25% of protected springs and 9% of gravitational flow schemes had most probable number counts &gt;100 Escherichia coli/100 mL of water. Most of the water sources in the study areas were not fit for human consumption without prior treatment. The CBT was found to be robust and easy to use in all field situations. The mean physical parameters of water sources were within the acceptable limits.

scholarly journals Estimation of Impact From Surface Runoff on Water Objects in Urban Landscape Conditions

2019 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Urban Environment ◽  
Surface Waters ◽  
Surface Runoff ◽  
System Analysis ◽  
Urban Landscape ◽  
Salt Content ◽  
Atmospheric Precipitation ◽  
Quality Of Water ◽  
The Impact

The quality of surface water remains an important issue today. This is particularly acute for water bodies located in the urban-basin geosystems. Purpose. To estimate pressure of atmospheric precipitation within the urban landscape basin geosystem on the river water (by example of the Kharkiv river). Methods. Field landscaping, ecological, landscape-geochemical; analytical; system analysis; chemical analytical; statistical Results. An assessment of the state of surface waters under the impact from the surface runoff of atmospheric origin during 2014-2016, and partly from 2017-2019, formed under the influence of the transport (partly residential) subsystem of the urban area and surface waters in Kharkiv. On the salt content, the characteristic of water quality is "moderately polluted" (1,6); on the tropho-saprobiological indicators, the quality of water is characterized as "polluted" (from 3.1 to 2.75 along the river). It is in this context the impact of waters, which is formed in the conditions of the urban environment for the quality of natural waters, is well demonstrated. The presence of high values of pollutants and natural factors. The assessment of the quality of water on the content of specific indicators is "moderately polluted" (from 2.28 to 1.85). Conclusions. The water of the Kharkiv region, which has a strong influence from the urban environment, has a grade III quality; the water is "moderately polluted". Environmental assessment indicates the impact of surface runoff already on the middle part of the river, which increases in accordance with the conditions of the operation of urban landscapes and anthropogenic (transport) load.

scholarly journals The impact of coal ash and slag dump on the quality of surface and ground waters - a case study

2019 ◽  
Vol 84 (5) ◽  
pp. 527-530
Author(s):  
Ivana Cipranic ◽  
Radmila Markovic ◽  
Stefan Djordjievski ◽  
Zoran Stevanovic ◽  
Marija Stevanovic
Keyword(s):  
Water Samples ◽  
Coal Ash ◽  
Negative Influence ◽  
Physical Treatment ◽  
Physical Chemical ◽  
Quality Of Water ◽  
Slag Dump ◽  
The Impact

This paper presents the assessment of the impact of coal ash and slag from the ?Maljevac? dump on the quality of water of Paleski Creek, Montenegro. The obtained results confirm the negative influence of surface and groundwater from the dump on the water from the Paleski Creek. The results obtained by testing of the water samples, collected from Paleski Creek upstream of the dump, indicate that the water is qualified to be used for drinking, after simple physical treatment and disinfection. The results obtained for the water samples collected from the Paleski creek downstream from the dump indicate that the water could be safe for drinking only after the treatment that requires an intensive physical, chemical and biological processing, including some extended treatment.

scholarly journals Aquatic macroinvertebrates in Uruguayan rice agroecosystem

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leticia Bao ◽  
Sebastián Martínez ◽  
Mónica Cadenazzi ◽  
Mónica Urrutia ◽  
Lucía Seijas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Costa Rica ◽  
Paddy Field ◽  
Grain Filling ◽  
Diversity Indices ◽  
Water Sources ◽  
Control Area ◽  
Aquatic Macroinvertebrates ◽  
Quality Of Water ◽  
Grain Filling Stage

This work is a first approach to the knowledge of insects and other aquatic macroinvertebrates of rice agroecosystems from eastern Uruguay. The composition of the groups collected may represent an approximation to the knowledge of the quality of water sources associated with Uruguayan rice production. Sampling of aquatic macroinvertebrates was carried out during the grain-filling stage in crops without insecticide use, in three localities of Treinta y Tres Department. In each crop, macroinvertebrates were collected with a Surber-type network at the inlet and outlet of water to and from the paddy field and a neighbouring control area. Differences in morphospecies composition were found according to the location and source of water. Insecta was the most represented class in macroinvertebrate samplings (41.5%). Diptera (59.9%), Hemiptera (16.3%) and Ephemeroptera (14.0%) were the most abundant orders within insects. The Richness and Shannon Diversity Indices were higher than those recorded for similar studies in Costa Rica, Italy and Australia.

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