The Relevance of Postmodernism to Counselors and Counseling Practice

2015 ◽  
Vol 37 (4) ◽  
pp. 355-363 ◽  
Author(s):  
James T. Hansen
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
Art Music ◽  
Late 20Th Century ◽  
Counseling Practice ◽  
Music Literature ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Postmodern Thinking ◽  
Intellectual Movement ◽  
The Way

Postmodernism is a broad intellectual movement that has been changing the way people approach art, music, literature, politics, and philosophy since the late 20th century. This article addresses the impact of postmodern thinking on the practice of counseling and its relevance to counselors' approach to understanding clients and their world.

scholarly journals Impak Pemikiran Islah dan Tajdid Terhadap Pendidikan Tinggi Wanita Islam di Malaysia Selepas Merdeka

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (3-4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Wahibah Twahir@Hj Tahir ◽  
Kamaruzzaman Yusof ◽  
Abu Hassan Abdul
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
Women's Education ◽  
Muslim Women ◽  
Female Students ◽  
Islamic Education ◽  
Late 20Th Century ◽  
Secondary Sources ◽  
Education Network ◽  
High Level ◽  
The Impact

The study aims to identify the development of the Islah and Tajdid movements in Malaya and the impact on Islamic education for women starting at the madrasah level to the high level in the late 20th century. This study discusses the movement of Islah and Tajdid which appeared at the beginning of the 20th century in Malaya and analyzed the influence of thinking on Islamic women's education. This study was conducted using a qualitative study, where all data information from primary and secondary sources was scrutinized and analyzed by taking an inductive approach. The study found that the characters involved in this movement in Malaya since the very beginning of their return from their studies in Egypt have supported the thought of Sheikh Muhammad Abduh and Sheikh Rasyid Ridha in the case of women's education. They wrote and worked on publications through newspapers and magazines that voiced the importance of Muslim women to be given freedom of education to engage in society. In order to realize these thoughts and awareness, they also set up special madrasah for female students in Penang, Melaka and Singapore. The influence of their thinking has led to the awareness of the Malay community with the establishment of madrasah in the states of Kelantan, Kedah, Perlis, and Johor and opened the widest opportunities for female students to receive education. Until the Independence era of Malaya, these madrasah have expanded to whole land of Malay as the efforts and awareness of group of religionist that support the thinking of Islah and Tajdid. In 1952 Malaya Islamic College was established and followed by Yayasan Pengajian Tinggi Islam Kelantan (YPTIK) in 1956 as a result of this group's efforts. Women's students also have the opportunity to pursue higher levels of education until there is an Islamic women's education network between Malaysia, Indonesia and Egypt. At the end of the 20th century, Muslim women had succeeded in occupying various career fields, especially in Islamic education as teachers in schools, as a lecturer at higher learning centers that offering various fields of Islamic studies and as civil servants in government departments.

scholarly journals The damaging character of shallow 20th century earthquakes in the Hainaut coal area (Belgium)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thierry Camelbeeck ◽  
Koen Van Noten ◽  
Thomas Lecocq ◽  
Marc Hendrickx
Keyword(s):  
Ground Motion ◽  
20Th Century ◽  
Focal Depth ◽  
Seismic Events ◽  
Late 20Th Century ◽  
Small Magnitude ◽  
Close Link ◽  
Epicentral Intensity ◽  
The 19Th Century ◽  
The Impact

Abstract. Shallow, light to moderate magnitude earthquakes in stable continental regions can have a damaging impact on vulnerable surface constructions. In the coal area of the Hainaut province in Belgium, a century of shallow seismic activity occurred from the end of the 19th century until the late 20th century. This seismicity is the second largest source of seismic hazard in northwestern Europe, after the Lower Rhine Embayment. The present study synthesises the impact and damage caused by this unique shallow seismicity. Reviewing intensity data provided in official macroseismic surveys held by the Royal Observatory of Belgium, press reports, and contemporary scientific studies resulted in a complete macroseismic intensity dataset. The strong shaking of five seismic events with moment magnitudes Mw around 4.0, which occurred on 3 June 1911, 3 April 1949, 15 December 1965, 16 January 1966, and 28 March 1967, locally caused widespread moderate damage to buildings corresponding to maximum intensity VII in the EMS-98 scale. For 28 earthquakes, detailed macroseismic maps were created. Our study highlights the capability of shallow, small-magnitude earthquakes to generate damage. Subsequently, using the Hainaut intensity dataset, we modelled a new Hainaut intensity attenuation law and created relationships linking magnitude, epicentral intensity and focal depth. Using these relationships, we estimated the location and magnitude of pre-1985 earthquakes that occurred prior to deployment of the modern digital Belgian seismic network. Estimated focal depths allowed discriminating between two different types of earthquakes. Some events were very shallow, only a few hundred metres deep, suggesting a close link to mining activities. Other earthquakes, including the largest and most damaging events, occurred at depths greater than 2 km but no deeper than 6 km, which would exclude a direct relationship with mining, but yet still might imply a triggering causality. This work results in a new updated earthquake catalogue including 123 seismic events. Our attenuation modelling moreover suggests that current hazard maps overestimated ground motion levels in the Hainaut area due to the use of inadequate ground motion prediction equations. Our Hainaut attenuation model is hence useful to evaluate the potential impact of current and future, e.g. geothermal energy, projects in the Hainaut area and other regions with a similar geological configuration.

scholarly journals The Vlachs in Macedonia in the 19th and 20th centuries

2021 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
pp. 211-224
Author(s):  
Nikola Kosto Minov
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
18Th Century ◽  
Late 20Th Century ◽  
Republic Of Macedonia ◽  
The Republic ◽  
The Way

The article summarizes the known data about the localization and numerical distribution of various Vlach groups in Macedonia in the 19th and 20th centuries. Each Vlach group’s (Moscopolitan; Grammoustian; Farsherot and Moglenite Vlachs) migrations are analyzed separately, following them from their starting points from which they ventured forth and dispersed all over Ottoman Macedonia at the end of the 18th century, all the way to their dwellings in late 20th century in North Macedonia. In the second part of the article we review the thorough, yet unofficial statistics of Gustav Weigand and Vasil Kanchov about the number of Vlachs in Ottoman Macedonia, as well as the number and territorial distribution of the Vlachs in Macedonia, as shown in the 1921 census in the Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes, the Yugoslav census from 1931, the six censuses conducted in socialist Yugoslavia in 1948, 1953, 1961, 1971, 1981 and 1991, and the two censuses in the Republic of Macedonia from 1994 and 2002. 

Boys and Fatherhood

2021 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
Role Models ◽  
Good Deal ◽  
Father Absence ◽  
Global Perspective ◽  
Childhood Studies ◽  
Late 20Th Century ◽  
Male Role ◽  
Primary Focus ◽  
The Impact

The academic study both of boys’ lives and of fatherhood has increased exponentially since the late 20th century, with both fields part of a wider expansion of masculinity studies, itself the product of a renewed focus on issues of gender and identity resulting from the rise of feminist studies in the closing decades of the 20th century. While some studies of fathering have paid attention to the topic of parenting boys, and a few of the growing number of studies of boys’ experiences have focused on relationships with fathers, research that brings the two topics together, exploring either fathers’ experience of raising sons, or boys’ relationships with their fathers, is a relatively new and developing field. This is by contrast with the situation in popular discourse, where a good deal of attention has focused on fathers and sons, often with a negative slant, viewing the so-called problem of boys (whether a supposed decline in educational achievement or a rise in antisocial behavior) as the result of father absence and a lack of positive male role models in the lives of boys in modern society. The topic of boys and fatherhood thus stands at the intersection of a number of important areas both of academic interest and of current policy debates and discourses, and this review seeks to include a cross section of those connected discussions from a range of intersecting disciplinary backgrounds. The primary focus is on aspects of boys’ relationships with their fathers, including the influence of those relationships on boys’ developing identities, and the role of fathers in responding to specific challenges in their sons’ lives. The emphasis on relationships complements the broader Oxford Bibliographies in Childhood Studies article on “Fathers” (by Esther McDermott), which focuses on social and structural aspects of fatherhood, as well as its representations. Any review of the academic literature on boys and fatherhood cannot avoid the vexed question of absent fatherhood, which is covered by two sections here: the first attempting to present diverse perspectives on the impact on boys, and the second examining the related debate surrounding the supposed absence of male role models in boys’ lives. The final section reviews the literature on another contentious issue, young fatherhood, and includes a range of perspectives on the implications of boys themselves becoming fathers. Although Oxford Bibliographies in Childhood Studies already includes a review of the literature on teenage fatherhood in the “Teenage Fathers” article (by Andrew M. Kiselica and Mark S. Kiselica), the primary focus there is North American, while the current review seeks both to expand the geographical scope and to reflect more-recent studies. An attempt has been made throughout this review to present a global perspective and to demonstrate the ways in which the issues under discussion play out for boys and their fathers from diverse ethnic and cultural backgrounds.

scholarly journals The “Expo” and the Post-“Expo”: The Role of Public Art in Urban Regeneration Processes in the Late 20th Century

2022 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 985
Author(s):  
Rita Ochoa
Keyword(s):  
Public Space ◽  
20Th Century ◽  
Public Art ◽  
Urban Regeneration ◽  
Late 20Th Century ◽  
Urban Art ◽  
Art Program ◽  
Tagus River ◽  
The Impact

In 1998, the Lisbon Universal Exhibition—Expo’98—led to an urban regeneration process on Lisbon’s waterfront. Following the example of other cities, this event was a pretext for rethinking and replacing a depressed area and for reconnecting it with the Tagus river through the creation of a set of new spaces for common use along the water. It was promoted as a public art program, which can be considered quite innovative in the Portuguese context. In view of this framework, this article aims to debate the relationships between public art and the dynamics of urban regeneration at the end of the 20th century. For that, it will analyse: (1) Expo’98’s public art program, comparing its initial assumptions with the final results; and (2) the impact of this program, through the identification of the placement of public art before (1974–1998) and after (1999–2009) the event. Although most of the implemented works did not (intentionally) explore aspects of space integration nor issues of public space appropriation, Expo’98’s public art program originated a monumentalisation of Lisbon’s eastern riverfront, later extended to other waterfront areas. At the same time, it played an important role in the way of understanding the city and public space that decisively influenced subsequent policies and projects. It is concluded that public art had a significant role in urban processes in the late 20th century, which is quite evident in a discourse of urban art as space qualifier and as a means of economic and social development.

scholarly journals Transformation of Villas to Mosques Social Impact of Islamization On The Government Center of Java In The Late 20th Century

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-15
Author(s):  
Muh Saerozi
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
Social Impact ◽  
Central Government ◽  
Social Research ◽  
Causality Analysis ◽  
Late 20Th Century ◽  
Central Java ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Government Center

Islamization of Java becomes an actual topic of religious social research because the phenomena not only relate to religious discourse but also other aspects. This research focuses on the Islamization of the government center of Salatiga Central Java. The aims of this study are: to find the academic answer to why Islamization occurred in the government center of Salatiga in Central Java, to find out the Islamization process underway, to describe the dominant factors affecting Islamization, and to describe the impact of Islamization on religious life around the central government. The benefit of this research is to contribute the theories of Islamization of Government center of Java in the late of 20th century. This study is a descriptive research and causality analysis.  The events were limited to those of 1985 to 2018. The data were sourced from the archives, inscription, news, interviews, and literature. The results of the study found that the Islamization of the Salatiga government center was carried out because the infrastructure was still European patterned. The actualization of Muslim religiosity was not well supported by this infrastructure. The symbol of Islamization is the transformation of the villa on the west of the city square into a mosque. The Islamization was successful because of the symbiotic factors between political parties, rulers, scholars, Islamic universities, and religious organizations. There was no significant impact yet on the improvement of spiritual and social lives around the government center. This study enriches theories about the symbiotic relations of religions, politics, and social changes in Java in the late 20th century.

scholarly journals Explore the Harmony in Chinese Contemporary Choral Art—"CCTV National Young Singer Grand Prix" as an Example

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (2S9) ◽  
pp. 623-627
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
Personal Observation ◽  
Late 20Th Century ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Way

The history of the chorus in China can be traced back to the late 20th century and has been developing rapidly. The "CCTV National Young Singer Grand Prix," as one of the top competitions of Chinese singing art since 1984, has actively promoted chorus culture, providing an important platform where chorus groups can appreciate and learn. This paper explores the process of its development and the way of harmony of the chorus in China. The paper is based on synergism theory and takes the "CCTV National Young Singer Grand Prix" as the research object. Through personal observation, more than ten works including "Chun Xiao" "Dong Zu Da Ge", "Meng Gu Xue", etc. will be analyzed through the singing technique, singing method, singing synergism. The possibility of harmony and collision of different natures of chorus art is obtained, expecting to improve the spirituality of chorus and provide a theoretical and practical reference for the majority of chorus art workers.

Theories of Mass Incarceration

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Natasha A. Frost ◽  
Todd R. Clear
Keyword(s):  
Crime Prevention ◽  
20Th Century ◽  
Prevention And Control ◽  
Mass Incarceration ◽  
Policy And Practice ◽  
Late 20Th Century ◽  
Prison Populations ◽  
And Control ◽  
The Way

This essay focuses in greater detail on sources of the massive increase in US prison admissions in the late 20th century. It argues that subtle, and not so subtle, shifts in policy and practice lead to changes in the way people approach crime prevention and control, and those shifts ultimately explain changing rates of incarceration. Elsewhere, these dynamics have been referred to as the “iron law” of prison populations. Explaining increases (or decreases) in prison populations is fairly straightforward-it is invariably a question of policies that drive prison populations up or down. Explaining what led to those policies, how they came to exist, and why they were deemed necessary is much more complicated. The recent downturn in incarceration rates is also considered within this framework.

Private Lives and Public Worlds: Changes in Americans' Social Ties and Civic Attachments in the Late‐20th Century

2003 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 143-163 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel J. Monti, Jr. ◽  
Colleen Butler ◽  
Alexandra Curley ◽  
Kirsten Tilney ◽  
Melissa F. Weiner
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
Social Ties ◽  
Private Life ◽  
Alexis De Tocqueville ◽  
Late 20Th Century ◽  
Robert Putnam ◽  
Private Lives ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Interpersonal Ties ◽  
The Way

The tension between one's private life and larger public obligations has been the subject of much speculation, captured powerfully in works as diverse as those of Alexis de Tocqueville and Robert Putnam. This matter is explored to an extent not previously undertaken in a study of Americans' interpersonal ties and civic attachments at the end of the 20th century. Evidence from the GSS for 1974, 1984, and 1994 suggests that a person's gender, race, age, education, occupation, and mobility became a little more strongly associated with the way one socialized informally and less strongly associated with the kinds of organizations one joined. Regardless of where they live or what generation they came from, Americans have managed the tension between their private lives and broader public duties better and more creatively than we could have imagined.

scholarly journals THE WAY TO TIBET: RELIGIOUS SONGS OF THE KALMYKS AND THE REALITIES OF TRAVEL

2021 ◽  
pp. 91-104
Author(s):  
Эльза Петровна Бакаева
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Study ◽  
20Th Century ◽  
Historical Data ◽  
18Th Century ◽  
17Th Century ◽  
Folk Songs ◽  
Late 20Th Century ◽  
The Comparative Study ◽  
Literary Materials ◽  
The Way

В статье анализируются калмыцкие народные песни о паломничестве в Тибет на примере текстов «Зу гидг һазр» ‘Страна, называемая Тибет’, «Алта гидг һазрас» ‘Из местности, называемой Алтай’. На основе сравнительного исследования разновременных записей песни «Зу гидг һазр» (1897 г., 1903 г., а также записи конца XX в.) и сопоставления с историческими данными о посольствах и паломничествах в Тибет и вариантами преданий о Джиджетен-ламе сделан вывод о том, что религиозная песня посвящена паломническому посольству хана Дондук-Даши (1755‒1757 гг.) и в ней отражены сведения о пути в Тибет через Монголию и Кукунор. Анализ песни «Алта гидг һазрас» и данных наиболее полного текста песни «Зу гидг һазр» в записи Г. Й. Рамстедта позволил сделать вывод о том, что в них отражены сведения о двух основных путях в Тибет. Архивные и литературные материалы о паломничествах в Тибет свидетельствуют, что в XVII в., когда территория формирующегося Калмыцкого ханства была подвижной, к святыням Лхасы, называвшейся калмыками «Зу», отправлялись по традиционному пути через территории расселения ойратов — «из местности, называемой Алтай». С начала XVIII в. по ряду причин путь в Тибет пролегал через Монголию и Кукунор. И лишь в начале XX в. вновь был освоен путь в Тибет, бывший традиционным для их предков, который теперь назывался «новым». The article analyzes the Kalmyk folk songs about the pilgrimage to Tibet through the example of the texts titled “Zu gidg gazr” (“The Country Called Tibet”), “Alta gidg gazras” (“From the Land Called Altai”). The comparative study of records of the song “Zu gidg gazr” of different times (1897, 1903, late 20th century) and insights into historical data and versions of legends about Jijeten Lama conclude that the religious song is dedicated to the pilgrimage embassy of Khan Donduk-Dashi (1755‒1757) and contains information about the way to Tibet through Mongolia and Kokonor. The analysis of the song “Alta gidg gazras” and the data of the most complete text of the song “Zu gidg gazr” recorded by G. J. Ramstedt makes it possible to conclude that those reflect information about two main routes to Tibet. Archival and literary materials about pilgrimages to Tibet indicate that in the 17th century when boundaries of the emerging Kalmyk Khanate were still mobile, routes to the shrines of Lhasa (Zu) went through the traditional territories of Oirat settlement ― “from the area called Altai”. From the beginning of the 18th century, for a number of reasons, the way to Tibet lay through Mongolia and Kokonor. Only at the beginning of the 20th century the path to Tibet which had been traditional for ancestors (now called the “new one”) was mastered again.

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