scholarly journals Emigration intentions of youth: theoretical foundations of the study and categorical diversity (a review of international studies)

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 57-67
Author(s):  
N.V. Murashcenkova
Keyword(s):  
Driving Forces ◽  
Empirical Studies ◽  
Psychological Research ◽  
International Studies ◽  
Special Role ◽  
Research Strategies ◽  
Main Research ◽  
Current Trends ◽  
The Individual

The article deals with the overview of modern international studies of emigration intentions of youth. The special role of psychological research in this scientific field is substantiated. The article reviews the procedural models of voluntary emigration. The paper analyses the significance of the social context and the role of the “migration culture” by shaping the emigration activity of the individual. The article describes the categorical variety of youth emigration intentions in international studies. The article analyses the main research strategies, measurement methods and current trends by conducting such psychological research. It is promising to compare the analyzed results of international studies with those of national scientists in the area under consideration. The data presented in the article can be useful in organizing and conducting socio-psychological empirical studies aimed at identifying the driving forces behind the emigration activity of young people in Russia and other countries.

scholarly journals Revisiting the Role of Place in Geographic Information Science

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (9) ◽  
pp. 364 ◽  
Author(s):  
Helena Merschdorf ◽  
Thomas Blaschke
Keyword(s):  
Information Science ◽  
Human Perception ◽  
Geographic Information Science ◽  
Geographic Information ◽  
Human Environment ◽  
Subjective Data ◽  
Main Research ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Individual

Although place-based investigations into human phenomena have been widely conducted in the social sciences over the last decades, this notion has only recently transgressed into Geographic Information Science (GIScience). Such a place-based GIS comprises research from computational place modeling on one end of the spectrum, to purely theoretical discussions on the other end. Central to all research that is concerned with place-based GIS is the notion of placing the individual at the center of the investigation, in order to assess human-environment relationships. This requires the formalization of place, which poses a number of challenges. The first challenge is unambiguously defining place, to subsequently be able to translate it into binary code, which computers and geographic information systems can handle. This formalization poses the next challenge, due to the inherent vagueness and subjectivity of human data. The last challenge is ensuring the transferability of results, requiring large samples of subjective data. In this paper, we re-examine the meaning of place in GIScience from a 2018 perspective, determine what is special about place, and how place is handled both in GIScience and in neighboring disciplines. We, therefore, adopt the view that space is a purely geographic notion, reflecting the dimensions of height, depth, and width in which all things occur and move, while place reflects the subjective human perception of segments of space based on context and experience. Our main research questions are whether place is or should be a significant (sub)topic in GIScience, whether it can be adequately addressed and handled with established GIScience methods, and, if not, which other disciplines must be considered to sufficiently account for place-based analyses. Our aim is to conflate findings from a vast and dynamic field in an attempt to position place-based GIS within the broader framework of GIScience.

scholarly journals Phenomenon of self-consciousness and its development during infancy and childhood

2020 ◽  
Vol 164 ◽  
pp. 12017
Author(s):  
Maria Kondratiuk
Keyword(s):  
Preschool Age ◽  
Special Role ◽  
Self Awareness ◽  
Main Research ◽  
Consciousness Development ◽  
Infancy And Childhood ◽  
Analysis And Synthesis ◽  
External Conditions ◽  
Key Aspects

The purpose of this work is determining the features of self-consciousness development in infancy and childhood. The main research methods are analysis and synthesis. The role of self-awareness and personality is evaluated. The importance of self-awareness in ontogenetic development is shown. The work shows that the development of self-consciousness begins with infancy, when the first prerequisites for its development arise, and the first formed elements of self-consciousness are manifested in preschool childhood. The dynamics of the development of self-consciousness during infancy and childhood. is shown. Considers the key aspects of its development during infancy, early childhood and preschool age. The special role of the environment and communication for the formation of self-awareness is studied. The development of elements of self-awareness in preschool age is characterized. The essential internal and external conditions for development of self-consciousness within these age periods were analyzed.

scholarly journals The issue of borders and cross-border processes in socio-humanitarian sciences

2019 ◽  
Vol 21 (11) ◽  
pp. 62-69
Author(s):  
O. F. Benchak
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Private Property ◽  
Sociological Theory ◽  
Empirical Studies ◽  
Interdisciplinary Studies ◽  
Special Role ◽  
Cross Border ◽  
Leading Role ◽  
Medium Level

The essence of social knowledge of borders and cross-border processes in the socio-humanitarian sciences in general and in sociology in particular has been analyzed in the article. The three stages of formation of knowledge about these phenomena and processes have been distinguished on this basis. Particular attention has been paid to the characteristics of the third stage, when interdisciplinary researches become dominant in social cognition due to the leading role of sociology. The special role of the sociology in the cognitive process, its possibilities in conducting theoretic, methodological and empirical studies has been determined. The necessity of constituting a separate direction - «sociology of borders and cross-border processes» as a medium-level sociological theory has been emphasized. Cross-border processes exist since there are boundaries. They may be limited by one or another part of states’ territories, but also they may cover all their depth. The purpose of boundaries’ establishing is to protect the state’s resource potential (human and natural). The purpose of their violation is to capture this potential. The large-scale violation of the border is the war of one country, which is accompanied by various human losses. The conducted analysis shows that the boundaries are a historical product that appeared at that stage of society’s development, when it became necessary to regulate the spatial existence of private property institutions and the existence of the state. Together with changes in these institutions’ development needs, the relevant cross-border processes are taking place in the space. That’s why, there are no unchanged borders. The exceptional significance of the sociological version of the system methodology being the methodological platform for interdisciplinary studies of cross-boundary processes and phenomena has been grounded.

scholarly journals The Effect of Trust on the Various Dimensions of Climate Change Attitudes

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (23) ◽  
pp. 10200
Author(s):  
Ákos Bodor ◽  
Viktor Varjú ◽  
Zoltán Grünhut
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Social Trust ◽  
Empirical Studies ◽  
National Level ◽  
European Social Survey ◽  
Policy Support ◽  
Individual Responsibility ◽  
Change Beliefs ◽  
The Individual

The struggle against climate change will not be successful without a sufficient level of collective action. However, a necessary precondition for this is the existence of trust between people. The literature on trust and attitudes to climate change is displaying a growing tendency, and today the results of numerous empirical studies are available. Although, for the time being, on the basis of these studies, we only have a fragmented picture from which it appears that trust is having a significant effect on attitudes to climate change at both the micro and macro levels. The current paper tries to progress on this path and reveal the role of trust in various dimensions of the attitude to climate change using the data of the European Social Survey originating from 22 countries. The results show that while climate change beliefs and climate concern display no relationship with trust, neither on the individual or national level, trust does have a clear effect on the feeling of individual responsibility in connection with climate change and on support for the various policy measures. In addition, it is also investigated whether the effect of trust can be shown to exist in the relationships between climate concern and the feeling of individual responsibility, and climate concern and policy support. The results show that in both cases the relationship is stronger in those countries characterized by a higher level of social trust.

Psychological Preconditions for Personality-Oriented Training of the Cadets of Institute of Emergency of Russia

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 39-45
Author(s):  
Вера Штерензон ◽  
Vera Shterenzon ◽  
С. Худякова ◽  
S. Hudyakova ◽  
А. Шпаньков ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Professional Growth ◽  
Career Guidance ◽  
Personal Characteristic ◽  
Fire Service ◽  
Special Role ◽  
Professional Orientation ◽  
Multi Stage ◽  
Self Actualization ◽  
The Individual

The article is devoted to the study of professional orientation (individual inclination to various professions) in future fire and technosphere safety specialists. Personality’s professional orientation is considered as one of the most important personal characteristic, which can be basis for effective personality-oriented training of the cadets of institute of Emergency of Russia, plays a special role in self-actualization of their personality, influences the results of personal and professional growth. Results of a research of individual inclination to various professions of cadets of the 1st course at the beginning of their training at the Ural State Fire Service Institute of EMERCOM of Russia are presented in the article. In this research there were established significant differences in the structure of the individual professional orientation among cadets-boys and cadets-girls, displayed the inexpediency of their joint training in the identical educational programs, marked the role of professional orientation monitoring in organization of personality-oriented training, extracurricular self-dependent work, continuous multi-stage career guidance.

Financial planning for retirement: the role of income

2019 ◽  
Vol 37 (6) ◽  
pp. 1419-1440
Author(s):  
Milagros Vivel-Búa ◽  
Lucía Rey-Ares ◽  
Rubén Lado-Sestayo ◽  
Sara Fernández-López
Keyword(s):  
Driving Forces ◽  
Pension Plans ◽  
Retirement Savings ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Working Lives ◽  
Future Income ◽  
Wealth Inequalities ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Impact

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to study the driving forces of both the decision to participate in individual pension plans and the amount of money allocated to such plans. Moreover, this paper evaluates the potential role that income plays, which has not previously been considered in depth in the financial literature.Design/methodology/approachBased on a sample of the Spanish population over the period 2008–2015, this paper estimates probit and tobit models, using 165,791 observations. The driving forces of private retirement savings comprise demographic, financial and socio-economic characteristics.FindingsThis paper confirms the impact of socio-demographic and economic variables on participation and monetary contributions to pension plans. It also confirms that income plays a non-negligible role. Moreover, empirical evidence reveals that the effect of gender is related to the income stratum to which the individual belongs.Originality/valueRetirement planning plays a key role in retirees’ future income and several countries have emphasised the importance of private individual savings to supplement the minimum provided by public pension schemes. The previous literature has concluded that those who plan their retirement end their working lives with three times the wealth of non-planners. Consequently, analysis of whether people are saving enough for their retirement can contribute to avoiding future wealth inequalities among retirees. Spain is one of the countries with the greatest inequality in income distribution, so this issue is of even greater interest.

scholarly journals The role of moral education in personal development

2021 ◽  
Vol 135 (2) ◽  
pp. 123-133
Author(s):  
L.A. Mukhamedzhanova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Moral Education ◽  
Social Relations ◽  
Personal Development ◽  
Main Task ◽  
Special Role ◽  
National Values ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Personal Interests ◽  
Human Spirituality

The article raises the problem of moral and spiritual education of a person. Formation of the individual as a personality, is directly linked to the process of education, the main task of which the author sees as the improvement of a person. The article identifies the challenges of moral education. It is shown that the development of moral values has historically changed and is associated with the development of social relations in general. Both the religious values of Islam and the national values are of particular importance for the education of the youth of Uzbekistan. On the example of the collections of hadiths of the hadith scholar and Islamic jurist Abu Isa at-Tirmizi, the books of Imam al-Bukhari, the muhadiss scholar and mufassir, it is proved that the hadiths contain valuable ideas for human spirituality. They are of great importance for understanding the correct relations between a person and society. It is also emphasized that they call people to do good in this world. The article deals with the topic of means and tools of moral education. It is emphasized that in the process of moral education it is necessary to combine traditional and modern means and the special role of the teacher. Moral education is one of the main tasks of Uzbekistan. Progress in society and the state is achieved through upbringing and education, and Uzbek youth take their place in the world, combining their personal interests with interests of their people. The article discusses the importance of morality in ensuring harmony between traditional and modern values and reveals the role of moral and Islamic values in the upbringing of young people.

scholarly journals INTEGRATED APPROACH TO IMPROVING THE EFFICIENCY OF THE USE OF HUMAN CAPITAL IN THE REGION

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 (2) ◽  
pp. 152-156
Author(s):  
Валентина Халиулина ◽  
Valentina Khaliulina ◽  
В. Шабашев ◽  
V. Shabashev ◽  
С. Шабашева ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Human Capital ◽  
Production Efficiency ◽  
Integrated Approach ◽  
Labor Rights ◽  
Special Role ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Effective Use ◽  
Constituent Elements

<p>The article deals with the constituent elements of the human capital and their influence on the development of the region. It stresses the special role of health as an important component of human capital in increasing production efficiency. The paper describes the current approaches to the definition of labor and human resources at the individual and community level (enterprise, region, society). It features the directions of their rational use in the case of transport enterprises of Kemerovo-city and the Kemerovo region. The authors give specific proposals for its improvement. The study involves a sociological survey revealing the motivation of the personnel as<br />well as facts of violations in the sphere of labor relations, and their interconnection. Attention is focused on ways to counteract the management of enterprises in case of violation of labor rights. The authors emphasize the need for social responsibility in the<br />maintenance and development of human capital, especially the need for an integrated approach to the effective use of human capital in the region.</p>

scholarly journals Features of self-attitude in primary school children with dysgraphia and dyslexia in the conditions of digitalization of education

2020 ◽  
Vol 210 ◽  
pp. 18061
Author(s):  
Elena Matsyuk ◽  
Marina Yelagina
Keyword(s):  
Reading Skills ◽  
Basic Education ◽  
Empirical Studies ◽  
Speech Disorders ◽  
Primary School Children ◽  
Reading Processes ◽  
Self Acceptance ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Sphere Formation

This article is devoted to the study of the influence of impaired writing and reading skills on the peculiaries of self-acceptance by younger students. The main content and results of an empirical study aimed at a comparative analysis of the specifics of self-attitude in students with dysgraphia and dyslexia and their peers without speech disorders are presented. Features of self-acceptance in the study play the role of a parameter that determines the characteristics of the semantic sphere formation of the individual not only in the standardized development, but also in the presence of deficits, namely, violations of the processes of writing and reading. The research methodology included 2 series of experimental tasks: assessment of the state of oral and written speech activity and psychometric experiment. As a result empirical studies fully confirmed the assumption about the presence of specific signs of self-attitude in pupils with dyslexia and dysgraphia the evidence of the signs categories of self-acceptance in this group of children compared to peers without violations of reading and writing was determined. The identified features of self-attitude will be taken into account when building a didactic model of teaching younger students with disorders of writing and reading processes in general basic education.

scholarly journals MENTAL DEVELOPMENT: PROBLEMS OF PERIODIZATION IN THE VIEWS OF FOREIGN AND DOMESTIC THEORISTS

2021 ◽  
pp. 30-37
Author(s):  
Korokhod Ya.D.
Keyword(s):  
Human Development ◽  
Psychosocial Development ◽  
Driving Forces ◽  
Mental Development ◽  
Internal Factors ◽  
Analysis And Synthesis ◽  
Psychological Knowledge ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
The Individual

Purpose of the article is the analysis of the conceptual positions of the representatives of psychological science within the concept of “mental development” and definition of the periodization of mental development in the views of domestic and foreign representatives. Research methods. Analysis and synthesis, systematization of scientific sources, comparison and generalization.Results. It is determined that mental development covers various fields of human existence, including such as: psychophysiological, cognitive and psychosocial ones. It is characterized by features that are expressed in irreversibility, direction and regularity.It is considered the S. Hall's theory of recapitulation, which is based on the biogenetic law in the article. Taking into account the contribution of S. Hall to the development of psychological knowledge, E. Hutchison lays the extraction of food by man as a criterion in the basis of mental development. It is determined the role of ethical and moral ideas in the views of L. Kohlberg and the connection with the periodization of human development.It was taken into account the role of psychological orientations of a human in his life and their role at each stage of mental development of the individual through the theory of psychosocial development of E. Erickson. It is determined the place of intelligence in human development and its connection with the development of the human psyche in the views of J. Piaget. It is characterized the views of S. Khudoyan views in the periodization of human development, where in his research he relied on the functional significance of biological, social and psychological neoformations.Conclusions. According to the results of theoretical analysis, it is established that a mental development is influenced by both external and internal factors, or biological and social. Periodization of its development was devised by scientists and theorists in accordance with the driving forces, which in their opinion were decisive. It was identified the areas according to which theories of periodization of mental development were devised: biogenetic, sociogenetic and mixed.Key words: psyche, mental development, subjective and objective factors, age, crisis periods. Мета. Метою статті є аналіз концептуальних положень представників психологічної науки в рамках поняття «психічний розвиток» та визначення проблематики періодизації психічного розвитку в поглядах вітчизняних та зарубіжних представників. Методи. Аналіз та синтез, систематизація наукових джерел, порівняння та узагальнення.Результати. Визначено, що психічний розвиток охоплює собою різні сфери людського буття, вклю-чаючи психофізіологічну, когнітивну та психосоціальну сфери. Для нього характерні особливості, які виражаються в незворотності, спрямованості та закономірності.У статті розглянуто теорію рекапітуляцій С. Холла, в основі якої лежить біогенетичний закон. Беручи до уваги вклад С. Холла в розвиток психологічного знання, Е. Гетчисон в основу психічного розвитку закладає добування їжі людиною як критерій. Визначено роль етичних та моральних уявлень у поглядах Л. Колберга та зв’язок із періодизацією розвитку людини. Проаналізовано наявність кризових періодів у періодизації психологічного розвитку особистості в поглядах Л. Виготського та В. Слободчикова.Було взято до уваги роль психологічних орієнтирів людини в її житті та їх роль на кожному етапі психічного розвитку особистості через теорію психосоціального розвитку Е. Еріксона. Визначено місце інтелекту в розвитку особистості та зв’язок його з розвитком психіки в поглядах Ж. Піаже. Охарактеризовано погляди С. Худояна в періодизації розвитку людини, де у своїх дослідженнях він спирався на функціональне значення біологічних, соціальних та психологічних новоутворень.Висновки. За результатами теоретичного аналізу встановлено, що психічний розвиток зазнає впливу як зовнішніх, так і внутрішніх чинників, або ж біологічних і соціальних. Періодизація психічного розвитку розроблялась науковцями та теоретиками відповідно до рушійних сил, які, на їхню думку, були визначальними. Були виділені напрями, згідно з якими розроблялись теорії періодизації психічного розвитку: біогенетичний, соціогенетичний та змішаний. Подальші перспективи дослідження будуть розширювати ґрунтовність вивчення означеної проблеми.Ключові слова: психіка, психічний розвиток, суб’єктивні та об’єктивні чинники, вік, кризові періоди.

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