Adventure Playground as an Example of the Child’s Right to Play

2014 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 81-90 ◽  
Author(s):  
I.A. Kotliar ◽  
M.V. Sokolova
Keyword(s):  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Urban Space ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Productive Activity ◽  
Social Psychological ◽  
Rights Of The Child ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Structure And Activity ◽  
Adventure Playground

We analyze the history of creation, structure and psychological foundations of adventure playgrounds, which appeared and became widespread in Europe during the second half of the XX century. Adventure playground is an example of realization of children’s rights enshrined in the Convention on the Rights of the Child, especially in Article 31. Adventure playgrounds are designed by experts, parents, teachers, sharing the ideas of civil society and seeking new ways to support the initiative, independence of children and adolescents. At an adventure playground, modern urban children and adolescents have the opportunity to realize their intentions, and try to explore their capabilities in a joint productive activity with peers. In this article, adventure playgrounds are considered as one of the ways to facilitate public urban space to play and socialize. Adventure playground serves as a social-psychological-pedagogical center and has great potential for all age groups. We provide specific examples of the structure and activity on adventure playgrounds existing in the UK and Germany. Separately we discuss the contribution of professionals working at these sites (playworker).

scholarly journals Diabetic polyneuropathy in children and adolescents: clinical picture and diagnosis

2003 ◽  
Vol 49 (6) ◽  
pp. 3-8
Author(s):  
G. I. Sivous ◽  
I. A. Strokov ◽  
I. V. Galeyev ◽  
E. P. Kasatkina
Keyword(s):  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Neurological Examination ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Diabetic Polyneuropathy ◽  
Childhood And Adolescence ◽  
Medical Academy ◽  
Impairment Score ◽  
Peripheral Polyneuropathy ◽  
History Of ◽  
Motor Nerves

The Department of Childhood and Adolescence Endocrinology, Russian Medical Academy of Postgraduate Training, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, examined 529 patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus (DM) whose age was 5 to 22 years. The study was undertaken to examine the prevalence and severity of diabetic peripheral polyneuropathy (DPN) in children, adolescents, and young individuals who fell ill with DM in childhood, to characterize the symptoms and neurological manifestations of this complication, and to choose adequate studies for their examination. DPN is most common in adolescents and young individuals having a longer history of the disease and worse values of compensation of carbohydrate metabolism. The specific feature of DPN in these age groups are the absence of severe forms of the disease and the presence of mainly the sensory pattern of disorders. The study defined the required scope of a neurological examination for early diagnosis of DPN in children and adolescents, which should include a thorough analysis of a patient’s complaints and a test by the Total Symptoms Score, a neurological examination by the modified Neuropathy Impairment Score for the Lower Extremities, stimulation electromyography of the sensory and motor nerves of the leg. By taking into account a poor DM compensation in the absolute majority of children and adolescents, the neurological examination should be regular at least once a year.

Epidemiology and risk factors for varicose veins among older people: cross-sectional population study in the UK

2010 ◽  
Vol 25 (5) ◽  
pp. 236-240 ◽  
Author(s):  
A Clark ◽  
I Harvey ◽  
F G R Fowkes
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Varicose Veins ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Significant Risk ◽  
P Value ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Vein Thrombosis ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Uk

Background There are many hypotheses concerning risk factors for the development of varicose veins based mostly on pathophysiological plausibility. Population studies have been carried out mostly on the middle aged with relatively few on elderly populations. Objectives To investigate epidemiological risk factors for varicose veins in an elderly population in the UK. Methods The South Wales Skin Cancer study – an examination survey undertaken between 1988 and 1991 of a random sample ( n = 792) drawn from all patients aged 60 and over registered with a general practitioner in South Glamorgan. Exposure variables were obtained from a structured administered questionnaire combined with clinical examination. Unadjusted and adjusted odds ratios were estimated using logistic regression. Results The response rate was 71% with an average age of 71 years (range 60–97). The age-adjusted prevalence of trunk varices was 63.2% (95% confidence interval [CI] 57.9–68.4%) in men and 57.0% (95% CI 50.6–63.4%) in women. In a multiple logistic regression the significant risk factors for varicose veins were increasing age ( P value = 0.001), obesity (odds ratio [OR] 3.28, 95% CI 1.25–8.63, P = 0.042), self-reported history of deep vein thrombosis (DVT) (OR 3.19, 1.16–8.78, P = 0.024) and history of hypertension (OR 0.58, 0.38–0.89, P = 0.013). The results for gender suggested that women were at greater risk than men, but this was not statistically significant (OR 1.53, 0.99–2.38, P = 0.056). Conclusion Trunk varices occur very commonly in older age groups with increasing age, obesity and possibly female sex as risk factors. Associations found with DVT and hypertension were based on history alone and must be interpreted with caution.

scholarly journals The UK Paediatric Familial Hypercholesterolaemia Register: preliminary data

2016 ◽  
Vol 102 (3) ◽  
pp. 255-260 ◽  
Author(s):  
Uma Ramaswami ◽  
Jackie Cooper ◽  
Steve E Humphries
Keyword(s):  
Family History ◽  
Familial Hypercholesterolaemia ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Statin Treatment ◽  
Baseline Data ◽  
Degree Relative ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Uk

BackgroundThe National Institute for Health and Care Excellence 2008 guidelines on the treatment and management of familial hypercholesterolaemia (FH) recommend that children with FH should be considered for statin treatment by the age of 10 years. The Paediatric FH Register was established in 2012 to collect baseline and long-term follow-up data on all children with FH in the UK.MethodsPaediatricians and adult lipidologists have been invited to enter baseline data on any child with a clinical diagnosis of FH using an electronic capture record.ResultsBaseline data is on 232 children (50% boys, 80% Caucasian), with an untreated mean (SD) total cholesterol of 7.61 (1.48) mmol/L and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) of 5.67 (1.46) mmol/L. Overall 111/232 (47.8%) of the children were on statins. Children over the age of 10 years at the most recent follow-up were twice as likely to be on statin treatment than those under 10 years (57.6% (102/177) vs 23.1% (9/39), p=0.00009). In both age groups, those subsequently on statin treatment had significantly higher diagnostic total and LDL-C (overall 6.01 (1.46) mmol/L vs 5.31 (1.37) mmol/L, p=0.00007), and had stronger evidence of a family history of early coronary heart disease (CHD) in parent or first-degree relative (overall 28.4% vs 19.0%, p=0.09). In statin-treated children LDL-C level was reduced by 35% (2.07 (1.38) mmol/L) compared with a reduction of 5.5% (0.29 (0.87) mmol/L), p=0.0001 in those not treated. None of those on statin had measured plasma levels of creatine kinase, alanine aminotransferase and AST indicative of statin toxicity (ie, >2.5 times the upper limit of the normal range).ConclusionsThe data indicates that treatment decisions in children with FH are appropriately based on a stronger family history of CHD and higher LDL-C.

scholarly journals Creating a Child-Friendly Environment: An Interpretation of Children’s Drawings from Planned Neighborhood Parks of Lucknow City

Societies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 80
Author(s):  
Mohit Kumar Agarwal ◽  
Vandana Sehgal ◽  
Aurobindo Ogra
Keyword(s):  
Urban Space ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Open Spaces ◽  
Stakeholder Consultation ◽  
Rights Of The Child ◽  
Methodological Tool ◽  
United Nations Convention ◽  
Child Friendly ◽  
Children’S Expectations ◽  
Answering Questions

The urban environment is a product of many tangible and intangible factors for communities, involving activities, spaces, and users of different age groups. Stakeholder consultation has become an essential part of envisaging any urban space. In general practice, mostly adults’ opinions and suggestions are taken into account, and children are sidelined, even if the issues are related to children. Children are an integral part of the present urbanizing world and are some of its most sensitive and affected users. The United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child recognizes three P’s: provision, protection, and participation. The third, participation, is a crucial dimension of creating a healthier environment, but it has largely been neglected. The drawing technique is among the methods to gather information directly through the children’s participatory approach. It has been observed that children prefer to express themselves by drawing rather than answering questions and find it easy and enjoyable. This research incorporates drawing as a methodological tool for identifying children’s expectations and understanding their preferences about their ideal neighborhood park. A total of 80 children aged between 6 and 15 years from planned zones of Lucknow city were selected for the research. The results derived from the content and co-relation data analysis techniques highlight that children emphasized physical, perceptional, cognitive, emotional, and social parameters for developing a child-friendly environment in parks and open spaces.

scholarly journals Application of a Stool Antigen Test To Evaluate the Incidence of Helicobacter pylori Infection in Children and Adolescents from Tehran, Iran

2005 ◽  
Vol 12 (9) ◽  
pp. 1094-1097 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tahereh Falsafi ◽  
Nargess Valizadeh ◽  
Shayesteh Sepehr ◽  
Mehri Najafi
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Helicobacter Pylori ◽  
Family History ◽  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Diagnostic Technique ◽  
Stool Antigen Test ◽  
Ulcer Disease ◽  
History Of ◽  
H Pylori

ABSTRACT Helicobacter pylori infection is acquired mainly in childhood, especially in developing countries, where a low-cost, rapid diagnostic technique which is reliable for all age groups may be useful for the management of H. pylori infection. For this purpose, we used an HpSA test (Equipar) to detect H. pylori infection in children and adolescents from Tehran, Iran. Thirty-five children who were positive or negative for H. pylori infection by endoscopy-based tests were used as positive and negative controls for the HpSA test. Stools were collected from 430 randomly selected children and adolescents (4 to 18 years old) from southwest, near the center, and northwest of Tehran. A questionnaire that included presence of recurrent abdominal pain (RAP), family history of infection and/or peptic ulcer disease (PUD), and income of parents was completed. A good agreement was found between the results of endoscopy-based tests and those of the HpSA test; the sensitivity and specificity of the Equipar-HpSA test were 100% and 83.4%, respectively. Among 430 children and adolescents, 47% were positive by the HpSA test, of whom 82% had RAP. No difference in incidence was observed between the two sexes; the various categories of age showed an increasing incidence, ranging from 24% (ages 4 to 6) to 58% (ages 16 to 18). The rate of infection in children and adolescents from the southwest was significantly higher (70%) than the rate in those from the northwest (32%), and a family history of H. pylori infection or PUD was observed in 59% of the HpSA positive subjects. The HpSA test is a useful test to detect H. pylori infection in children and adolescents from developing countries.

scholarly journals Risk of Suicidal Events in Youths Taking Atomoxetine Compared with Those on Methylphenidate; An Observational Cross-Sectional Study

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Padideh Ghaeli ◽  
Javad Mahmoudi-Gharaei ◽  
Leila Kouti ◽  
Alia Shakiba ◽  
Reza Hazara ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Suicidal Ideation ◽  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Current Therapy ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
History Of ◽  
And Behavior

Background: Stimulants such as methylphenidate and atomoxetine, a nonstimulant norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor, are approved for the treatment of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD). Associations between the use of methylphenidate or atomoxetine with suicidal ideation and suicide-related behavior have been reported in the literature. The present study aimed to compare the effects of atomoxetine with that of methylphenidate on suicidal ideation and behavior in children and adolescents. Methods: Children and adolescents between 7 to 17 years of age with the diagnosis of ADHD, based on DSM-5 criteria, were included in this observational, cross sectional study. The suicidal ideation was assessed among children and adolescents who have been receiving either atomoxetine or methylphenidate for at least 12 months prior to entering the study. A Farsi version of Positive and Negative Suicide Ideation (PANSI) inventory was applied for the assessment. Differences among age groups, duration of therapy and comparison of positive and negative scores in both genders were analyzed using t-test. In addition, a one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) was applied to examine the differences in positive and negative scores among different age groups. Moreover, chi-square and Fisher’s exact tests were performed to examine the effects of past history of drugs and other present illnesses on suicidal ideation. P-value of <0.05 was considered as significant. Results: A total of 57 students between 7 to 17 years of age were enrolled in this study. Twenty-eight patients have been taking atomoxetine at doses of 10 to 60 mg/day while 29 were on methylphenidate 7.50-55 mg/day. The mean positive and negative scores in the atomoxetine group were found to significantly differ (P=0.001) from those in the methylphenidate group. No risk of suicidal ideation was detected in the atomoxetine group, while in the methylphenidate group 15 out of 29 patients (51.7%) scored above the cutoff point. In terms of the relationship between suicidal ideation and history of other drugs prior to the current therapy and other concurrent disorders, chi-square test showed no significant difference in methylphenidate group (P=0.100 and 0.500 respectively). This analysis was not considered in atomoxetine group due to the absence of suicidal ideation. Conclusion: The authors of this study suggest that atomoxetine may be a safer choice than methylphenidate for the treatment of ADHD when suicidal ideation is a concern. In this regard, monitoring suicidal ideation and behavior along with family education should be considered in all children and adolescents suffering ADHD.

The Film World’s Cooperative Store: Institutions and Films of the 1930s and 1940s

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Claire Thomson
Keyword(s):  
World War Ii ◽  
Meat Products ◽  
Public Information ◽  
Early History ◽  
World War ◽  
International Context ◽  
German Occupation ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Uk ◽  
The Impact

This chapter traces the early history of state-sponsored informational filmmaking in Denmark, emphasising its organisation as a ‘cooperative’ of organisations and government agencies. After an account of the establishment and early development of the agency Dansk Kulturfilm in the 1930s, the chapter considers two of its earliest productions, both process films documenting the manufacture of bricks and meat products. The broader context of documentary in Denmark is fleshed out with an account of the production and reception of Poul Henningsen’s seminal film Danmark (1935), and the international context is accounted for with an overview of the development of state-supported filmmaking in the UK, Italy and Germany. Developments in the funding and output of Dansk Kulturfilm up to World War II are outlined, followed by an account of the impact of the German Occupation of Denmark on domestic informational film. The establishment of the Danish Government Film Committee or Ministeriernes Filmudvalg kick-started aprofessionalisation of state-sponsored filmmaking, and two wartime public information films are briefly analysed as examples of its early output. The chapter concludes with an account of the relations between the Danish Resistance and an emerging generation of documentarists.

Volunteering in hospice and palliative care in the United Kingdom

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ros Scott
Keyword(s):  
Palliative Care ◽  
United Kingdom ◽  
Care Services ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
Strategic Direction ◽  
Palliative Care Services ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Hospice And Palliative Care ◽  
Changing Role

This chapter explores the history of volunteers in the founding and development of United Kingdom (UK) hospice services. It considers the changing role and influences of volunteering on services at different stages of development. Evidence suggests that voluntary sector hospice and palliative care services are dependent on volunteers for the range and quality of services delivered. Within such services, volunteer trustees carry significant responsibility for the strategic direction of the organiszation. Others are engaged in diverse roles ranging from the direct support of patient and families to public education and fundraising. The scope of these different roles is explored before considering the range of management models and approaches to training. This chapter also considers the direct and indirect impact on volunteering of changing palliative care, societal, political, and legislative contexts. It concludes by exploring how and why the sector is changing in the UK and considering the growing autonomy of volunteers within the sector.

Urban Space and Aristocratic Power in Late Antique Rome

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carlos Machado
Keyword(s):  
Roman Empire ◽  
Cultural History ◽  
Urban Space ◽  
Social Life ◽  
Late Antiquity ◽  
Late Antique ◽  
The Social ◽  
Traditional Elite ◽  
History Of ◽  
The City

This book analyses the physical, social, and cultural history of Rome in late antiquity. Between AD 270 and 535, the former capital of the Roman empire experienced a series of dramatic transformations in its size, appearance, political standing, and identity, as emperors moved to other cities and the Christian church slowly became its dominating institution. Urban Space and Aristocratic Power in Late Antique Rome provides a new picture of these developments, focusing on the extraordinary role played by members of the traditional elite, the senatorial aristocracy, in the redefinition of the city, its institutions, and spaces. During this period, Roman senators and their families became increasingly involved in the management of the city and its population, in building works, and in the performance of secular and religious ceremonies and rituals. As this study shows, for approximately three hundred years the houses of the Roman elite competed with imperial palaces and churches in shaping the political map and the social life of the city. Making use of modern theories of urban space, the book considers a vast array of archaeological, literary, and epigraphic documents to show how the former centre of the Mediterranean world was progressively redefined and controlled by its own elite.

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