scholarly journals Risk of Suicidal Events in Youths Taking Atomoxetine Compared with Those on Methylphenidate; An Observational Cross-Sectional Study

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Padideh Ghaeli ◽  
Javad Mahmoudi-Gharaei ◽  
Leila Kouti ◽  
Alia Shakiba ◽  
Reza Hazara ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Suicidal Ideation ◽  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Current Therapy ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
History Of ◽  
And Behavior

Background: Stimulants such as methylphenidate and atomoxetine, a nonstimulant norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor, are approved for the treatment of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD). Associations between the use of methylphenidate or atomoxetine with suicidal ideation and suicide-related behavior have been reported in the literature. The present study aimed to compare the effects of atomoxetine with that of methylphenidate on suicidal ideation and behavior in children and adolescents. Methods: Children and adolescents between 7 to 17 years of age with the diagnosis of ADHD, based on DSM-5 criteria, were included in this observational, cross sectional study. The suicidal ideation was assessed among children and adolescents who have been receiving either atomoxetine or methylphenidate for at least 12 months prior to entering the study. A Farsi version of Positive and Negative Suicide Ideation (PANSI) inventory was applied for the assessment. Differences among age groups, duration of therapy and comparison of positive and negative scores in both genders were analyzed using t-test. In addition, a one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) was applied to examine the differences in positive and negative scores among different age groups. Moreover, chi-square and Fisher’s exact tests were performed to examine the effects of past history of drugs and other present illnesses on suicidal ideation. P-value of <0.05 was considered as significant. Results: A total of 57 students between 7 to 17 years of age were enrolled in this study. Twenty-eight patients have been taking atomoxetine at doses of 10 to 60 mg/day while 29 were on methylphenidate 7.50-55 mg/day. The mean positive and negative scores in the atomoxetine group were found to significantly differ (P=0.001) from those in the methylphenidate group. No risk of suicidal ideation was detected in the atomoxetine group, while in the methylphenidate group 15 out of 29 patients (51.7%) scored above the cutoff point. In terms of the relationship between suicidal ideation and history of other drugs prior to the current therapy and other concurrent disorders, chi-square test showed no significant difference in methylphenidate group (P=0.100 and 0.500 respectively). This analysis was not considered in atomoxetine group due to the absence of suicidal ideation. Conclusion: The authors of this study suggest that atomoxetine may be a safer choice than methylphenidate for the treatment of ADHD when suicidal ideation is a concern. In this regard, monitoring suicidal ideation and behavior along with family education should be considered in all children and adolescents suffering ADHD.

scholarly journals Determinan pemberantasan sarang nyamuk pada ibu rumah tangga di Bogor

2016 ◽  
Vol 32 (6) ◽  
pp. 189
Author(s):  
Mayumi Nitami ◽  
Sri Tjahyani Budiutami
Keyword(s):  
Age Groups ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Influential Factor ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Job Knowledge ◽  
Control And Prevention ◽  
Dengue Control ◽  
Prevention Counseling

Determinants of dengue mosquito eradication (PSN) in the households in Bogor in 2016PurposeThis study aimed to determine the factors that affect of PSN on housewives in Cibinong and the factors found that influence were: job, knowledge, attitude, behavior of housewife, counselling, active jumantik, giving abatement and the number of container.MethodsA cross-sectional study was conducted using 125 housewifes in Cibinong sub-district. The statistical analysis used chi-square and multiple logistic regression tests.ResultsThis study showed that counseling and the existence of jumantik cadre were the determinants of the application of mosquito nest eradication. Counseling was the most influential factor on the application of mosquito nest eradication.Conclusion Dengue control and prevention counseling should be given to all age groups in the community regularly and it is recommended to reactivate jumantik cadres.

scholarly journals Relationship between Periodontitis and Glaucoma: A Cross-Sectional Study

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Soo Hwan Byun ◽  
Dae Myoung Yoo ◽  
Minwook Chang ◽  
Hyo Geun Choi ◽  
Seok Jin Hong
Keyword(s):  
Odds Ratio ◽  
Adjusted Odds Ratio ◽  
Epidemiological Data ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Epidemiology Study ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
History Of ◽  
And Control

The objective of this cross-sectional study was to evaluate the association between periodontitis and glaucoma. This prospective cohort study used epidemiological data from the Korean Genome and Epidemiology Study performed between 2004 and 2016. Among 173,209 participants, 9572 patients with periodontitis and 115,332 controls (nonperiodontitis) were selected. We analysed the history of glaucoma in periodontitis and control participants. The participants were interviewed regarding their history of hypertension, diabetes mellitus, hyperlipidaemia, periodontitis, glaucoma, smoking, and alcohol consumption by trained interviewers. A logistic regression model was created to analyse the odds ratio of having a history of glaucoma among patients with periodontitis. Two-tailed analyses using chi-square and independent t-tests were used for statistical analysis. The adjusted odds ratio of periodontitis as a risk factor for glaucoma was 3.44 (95% confidence interval = 2.99–3.97, p < 0.001 ). This study demonstrated that glaucoma was associated with periodontitis.

scholarly journals Suicidal behaviour in postnatal mothers in northwestern Ethiopia: a cross-sectional study

BMJ Open ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (9) ◽  
pp. e027449
Author(s):  
Habte Belete ◽  
Eyaya Misgan
Keyword(s):  
Suicidal Ideation ◽  
Suicide Attempt ◽  
Suicidal Behaviour ◽  
Postnatal Care ◽  
Unplanned Pregnancy ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
History Of ◽  
Postpartum Mothers

AimTo assess the prevalence and associated factors of suicidal behaviour (suicidal ideation, plan or suicide attempt) in postpartum mothers.MethodAn institutional cross-sectional study was employed from March to April 2017.SettingTwo primary health centres and one referral hospital in northwestern Ethiopia.ParticipantsA total of 1065 mothers aged ≥18 years during routine postnatal care were included and 988 of them completed the study. Those who were unable to communicate due to illness were not included.Outcome measureMothers who visit for routine postnatal care were assessed for suicidal behaviour using a suicidal screening tool. Logistic analysis was employed with adjusted OR (AOR) and 95% CI, and with p value less than 0.05 as the level of significance.ResultsThe prevalence of suicidal behaviour (suicidal ideation, plan or suicide attempt) was found at 14.0% (138/988) (95% CI 12.00 to 16.00) in postpartum mothers. Poor wealth of the mother (AOR=2.80, 95% CI 1.18 to 6.84), unplanned pregnancy of the current child (AOR=2.28, 95% CI 1.48 to 3.54), history of rape (AOR=2.26, 95% CI 1.42 to 3.61) and sickness of the new child (AOR=1.68, 95% CI 1.12 to 2.52) were significantly associated with suicidal behaviours.ConclusionSuicidal behaviour was found pretty high among postpartum mothers and was associated with poor wealth, unplanned pregnancy, history of rape and sickness of the new infant. It is recommended to screen mothers for possible suicidal behaviour during routine postnatal care.

scholarly journals Stimulation and cognitive function in short-stature preschoolers

2021 ◽  
Vol 61 (2) ◽  
pp. 74-81
Author(s):  
Ika Citra Dewi ◽  
Rini Sekartini ◽  
Hartono Gunardi ◽  
Asrawati Nurdin
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Function ◽  
Short Stature ◽  
Primary Caregivers ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Normal Height ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Primary Scale ◽  
History Of

Background Normal-height children generally have better cognitive function than growth-stunted, short-stature children. Children’s cognitive function reportedly improves with stimulation. However, a correlation between stimulation and cognitive function in children with a history of short stature remains unclear. Objective To assess correlation between stimulation and cognitive function in normal-height vs. short-stature preschool children. Methods A cross-sectional study with consecutive sampling was performed in four sub-district areas in Jakarta. Preschool-aged children and their primary caregivers from previous studies on short stature were eligible for inclusion. An Indonesian version of a questionnaire was used to assess stimulation. A psychologist assessed verbal IQ (VIQ), performance IQ (PIQ), and full-scale IQ (FSIQ) with the Indonesian version of the Wechsler Preschool and Primary Scale of Intelligence (WPPSI). Data were analyzed using Pearson’s correlation and Chi-square tests, and P values <0.05 were considered to be significant. Results Of 62 subjects, 64.5% had normal height and 35.5% had short stature. Both normal-height and short-stature children had similar IQ outcome and history of stimulation. The stimulation was significantly correlated with FSIQ in normal-height children (r= 0.316; P=0.047), but not short-stature children (r=0.049; P=0.828). However, the percentage differences in VIQ, PIQ, and FSIQ between normal-height and short-stature children were not significant (P=0.409, 0.119 and 0.877, respectively). Conclusion  There is a significant correlation between stimulation and IQ in normal-height children. Short-stature preschoolers were not worse in terms of IQ than normal-height preschoolers. Parents and caregivers should be encouraged to provide regular and adequate stimulation to their young children.

Orthodontic Treatment Need in Bangladeshi Young Adults Evaluated Through Dental Aesthetic Index

2015 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Kajol Chandra Paul ◽  
Md Zakir Hossain
Keyword(s):  
Young Adults ◽  
Orthodontic Treatment ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Treatment Need ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Mean

Aim : The objectives of this study were to evaluate the severity of malocclusion and orthodontic treatment need in Bangladeshi young adults by using the Dental Aesthetic Index (DAI).Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted at Government and private college of Dhaka and Netrokona, Bangladesh. A total of 405 students (from 17 to 25 years old) were selected by convenience sampling. Students wearing orthodontic appliance or reporting a history of orthodontic treatment were excluded from the study. Clinical examinations were conducted using the Dental Aesthetic Index (DAI). The chi-square test (x2) was used to compare malocclusion severity. The analysis of variance (ANOVA) test was used to compare the changes in DAI scores and the mean DAI scores between various age groups. The t test was used to compare the mean DAI scores between sex groups.Results: 405 college students were examined, 305(75.3%) were boys and 100(24.7%) were girls. Most of the  students 277(68.4%) had DAI scores ? 25 with no or little malocclusion requiring slight  or no  orthodontic  treatment, 76(18.8%) had DAI score of 26-30 with definite malocclusion requiring elective orthodontic  treatment, 34(8.4%) had DAI score of 31-35 with severe type of malocclusion requiring highly desirable orthodontic treatment, 18(4.4%) had DAI score ? 36 with very severe or handicapping malocclusion requiring mandatory orthodontic treatment.Conclusion: The majority of the students in our study (68.4%) required no or little treatment; (12.8%) had definite malocclusion requiring definite orthodontic treatment.Ban J Orthod & Dentofac Orthop, April 2013; Vol-3, No.2

scholarly journals Anemia among children and adolescents in a rural area

2014 ◽  
Vol 54 (2) ◽  
pp. 88 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ivan Riyanto Widjaja ◽  
Felix Firyanto Widjaja ◽  
Lucyana Alim Santoso ◽  
Erick Wonggokusuma ◽  
Oktaviati Oktaviati
Keyword(s):  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Rural Area ◽  
Public Hospital ◽  
Complete Blood Count ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Deficiency Anemia ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Prevalence Of Anemia

Background Anemia in children and adolescents affects growthand development. It is a preventable disease, but unfortunately isoften ignored until the symptoms occur. There have been limitedreports on the prevalence of anemia in children and adolescentsin Indonesia, especially from rural areas.Objective To describe the prevalence of anemia in children andadolescents in district ofMalinau, a rural area in East KalimantanProvince.Methods This cross-sectional study was done in June 20 10 usinglaboratory records between July 2009 to January 20 10. Laboratoryrecords of patients aged between 6 months and 18 years whichinvestigated were complete blood count (CBC) from ambulatory,inpatient, and emergency care ofMalinau Public Hospital in EastKalimantan. Mentzer and England & Fraser indices were used todifferentiate iron deficiency anemia (IDA) and thalassemia amongmicrocytic hypochromic anemic patients.Results This study involved 709 laboratory records. Prevalenceof anemia was 53 .9% (95% CI 50.2% to 57 .5%) . The prevalenceof IDA among age groups were as follows: 29.4% (95% CI 24.3to 34.5%) in 6- 59 months group, 16% (95% CI 11 to 21 %) in5- 11.9 years, and 15.2% (95% CI 10.2 to 20.2%) in 12- 18 years.Children aged 6- 59 months tended to have more anemia th anthose aged 5- 11.9 years (OR 2. 184, 95% CI 1.398 to 3.413) oraged 12- 18 years (OR 2.3 19, 95% CI 1.464 to 3.674).Conclusion T he prevalence of an emia in children andadolescents of the Malinau Regency is 53 .9% (95% CI 50.2 to57.5%), quite similar to that of other developing countries . Agovernment program to overcome anemia is recommended, n otonly for pregnant women, but also for children and adolescents.

Importance of Facial Physical Attractiveness of Audiovisual Models in Descriptions and Preferences of Children and Adolescents

2005 ◽  
Vol 101 (1) ◽  
pp. 229-243 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cristina Ruiz ◽  
Elena Conde ◽  
Esteban Torres
Keyword(s):  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Physical Attractiveness ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Developmental Differences ◽  
Social Knowledge ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Desirable Characteristic

We performed a cross-sectional study with three age groups (8, 14, and 17 years) to evaluate developmental differences in stereotyped beliefs about physical attractiveness and the value of this as perceived by the participants. Given the current importance of television in the development of social knowledge, television models were used. The children and adolescents were asked to evaluate, using bipolar open scales, the physical attractiveness, likeableness, generosity, intelligence, fun, and altruism of 12 television models of both sexes, previously selected by judges, as well as the desire to resemble or feel close to the models. Analysis showed developmental differences across age groups both in the concept of physical attractiveness and in stereotyped beliefs about this. As in other areas of social knowledge, the younger children's responses were bipolar, global, and much more stereotyped, while the adolescents introduced subtle distinctions and elaborated their responses. Nevertheless, physical attractiveness appeared a desirable characteristic for all age groups.

scholarly journals FAKTOR RISIKO HIPERTENSI PADA SISWA SMU ADABIAH DI KOTA PADANG

2011 ◽  
Vol 35 (2) ◽  
pp. 147
Author(s):  
Delmi Sulastri ◽  
Sidhi Sidhi
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
High School Students ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Smoking Habits ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Relationship

AbstrakHipertensi pada anak dan remaja sudah merupakan masalah kesehatan mesyarakat yang ada di Indonesia maupun di beberapa negara yang ada di dunia. Hampir 95% kasus hipertensi tidak diketahui penyebabnya atau disebut hipertensi esensial. Beberapa faktor risiko diduga berhubungan dengan peningkatan prevalensi hipertensi ini.Telah dilakukan penelitian dengan desain cross sectional study pada siswa SMU Adabiah yang berusia antara 15 tahun sampai 18 tahun, bertujuan untuk melihat hubungan faktor risiko riwayat keturunan, obesitas, aktifitas fisik dan kebiasaan merokok dengan kejadian hipertensi. Sampel sebanyak 61 orang, kemudian dilakukan wawancara mengenai karakteristik, riwayat keturunan, aktifitas fisik dan kebiasaan merokok serta pemeriksaan tekanan darah dan antropometri. Data yang diperoleh selanjutnya dianalisis menggunakan uji chi-square serta ditampilkan dalam bentuk tabel, gambar dan narasi.Hasil penelitian ini adalah 66.7% siswa mengalami obese, 20.7% mempunyai keturunan hipertensi, 30% dengan aktifitas fisik rendah dan 33.3% mempunyai kebiasaan merokok mengalami hipertensi.Tidak didapat hubungan antara obesitas, riwayat keturunan dan aktifitas fisik dengan kejadian hipertensi dan terdapat hubungan antara merokok dengan kejadian hipertensi (p=0.033).Perlu dilakukan kebijakan yang mengatur tentang peraturan merokok pada anak remaja.Kata kunci : Hipertensi, Riwayat keturunan dan ObesitasAbstractHypertension in children and adolescents is a health problem of the community is in Indonesia as well as in several countries of the world. Almost 95% of the hypertension cases have no cause yet identified or it can be referred to as essential hypertension. Some of the risk factors associated with an increased prevalenceofhypertension. . A research has be made based on cross sectional study study with a cross sectional study Adabiah high school students aged between 15 years to 18 years. The aims to examine the relationship of risk factors history of heredity, obesity, physical activity and smoking habits with the incidence of hypertension. Sample of 61 people were interviewed about the characteristics, history of heredity, physical activity and smoking habits and blood pressure and anthropometry. The dataARTIKEL PENELITIAN148obtained were then analyzed using the chi-square test and displayed in the form of tables, figuresandnarratives.The results of this study were 66.7% of students had obese, 20.7% had a descendants of hypertension, 30% with low physical activity, and 33.3% having ever smoked had hipertensi.Tidak obtained relationship between obesity, a history of heredity and physical activity with the incidence of hypertension and the relationship between smoking with the incidence of hypertension (p = 0033). There needs to be policy regarding smoking regulations in adolescents. Key word : Hypertension, Heredity and Obesity

scholarly journals Relationship between dental caries, oral hygiene and malocclusion among Syrian refugee children and adolescents: a cross-sectional study

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nesreen A. Salim ◽  
Rasha A. Alamoush ◽  
Mariam Mohammad Al-Abdallah ◽  
Aya Ahmed Al-Asmar ◽  
Julian D. Satterthwaite
Keyword(s):  
Oral Health ◽  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Oral Hygiene ◽  
Contact Point ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Refugee Children ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Syrian Refugee

Abstract Background Little is known about the oral disease burden in refugee children and associated risk factors. This cross-sectional study aimed to explore the oral hygiene status and prevalence of caries, and to investigate their association with malocclusion characteristics in a child refugee population. Methods 606 Syrian refugee children and adolescents aged 7–19 years, registered as refugees in Jordan and residing in Zaatari camp, were recruited to the study. Oral hygiene and caries status were recorded using DMFT (mean of decayed, missing, and filled permanent teeth) and OHI-S (Simplified Oral Hygiene Index) according to WHO criteria. Oral health results were then cross tabulated with previously reported malocclusion traits for the same study sample (crowding, spacing, contact point deflection and IOTN) to detect any associations. Statistical analysis was conducted using chi-square test, independent sample t-test, one-way ANOVA, Welch test and Post Hoc testing (Gabriel and Games-Howell). Results Overall DMFT and OHI-S were 4.32 and 1.33 respectively with no difference between males and females. Around 40% of the sample showed ≥ 5 DMFT score. 96.1% of the sample either do not brush or brush occasionally: females showed better oral hygiene practices (P = 0.002). No significant differences in DMFT scores were noted for gender or age, other than the 7–9.9 year old group having significantly higher mean DMFT scores than all other age groups (P < 0.01);the mean of OHI-S was not significantly different between different age groups (P = 0.927). Subjects with malocclusion, specifically crowding, contact point deflection and IOTN grades 3, 4 and 5 had higher scores in both arches for OHI-S and DMFT than subjects without malocclusion traits, although this was not statistically significant for DMFT scores. Overall, patients with generalized spacing had a significantly lower OHI-S score than those without spacing (P = 0.021). Significant correlations were found between parameters of intra-arch and inter-arch relationships and oral health indices (DMFT and OHI-S). Conclusion Malocclusion may increase the risk of caries and periodontal disease; the magnitude of this risk is amplified in populations with poor oral health and limited access to oral healthcare services, highlighting the need for preventive and curative oral health programs.

Frequency of Crowding in patients reporting at Nishtar Institute of Dentistry, Multan

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (8) ◽  
pp. 1908-1909
Author(s):  
Zubair Hassan Awaisi ◽  
Muhammad Azeem ◽  
Faisal BDS ◽  
Hafiza Asma Jawaid ◽  
Muhammad Haseeb ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Analysis ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Permanent Dentition ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Gender And Age ◽  
Chi Square Test

Aim: To determine the frequency of crowding in patients reporting at Nishtar Institute of Dentistry, Multan. Methods: A total of 200 patients (126 females, 74 males) having malocclusion in permanent dentition were included in this cross-sectional study. Patients in the age group 7years and above were included in the study. Statistical analysis was done by using SPSS version20.0. Cross tabulations were performed for gender and age groups and chi square test was used to determine association. Results: The frequency of crowding was found to be 29%. The percentage of crowding in males was 12% and females 17 %. While the frequency of crowding was 31% in males and 28% in females. It was found that there was a decrease in crowding with increasing age in both genders. Conclusion: Crowding was more frequent in females than males. Keywords: Malocclusion, Alignment, Orthodontics

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