scholarly journals The distortion of social identity structure as a result of social exclusion

2016 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 34-55
Author(s):  
I.Yu. Suvorova
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Social Identity ◽  
Social Exclusion ◽  
Social System ◽  
Social Reality ◽  
Social Needs ◽  
Regressive Model ◽  
The Social ◽  
And Control

The article describes the mechanism of human’s interaction with social system through the analysis of its distortion as a result of social exclusion. It was assumed that the impossibility to satisfy basic social needs destroys symbolic links between an individual and a social system. It causes the distortion of the structure of social identity and control over social reality. Third year students of Ecological faculty of People’s Friendship University of Rus- sia participated in the experiment. In total there were 49 students from 18 to 22 years old (22 male and 27 female). The social system was imitated in the experiment. Participants were given a task to discuss and draw a plan of city of a dream. Discussion was carried out according to certain rules aimed to limit the ability of some of the respondents to participate in the decision making. As a result, a regressive model was created, proving the influence of impossibility to content basic social needs on social identity structure (R2 = 0,195; p = 0,005) and the feeling of control over reality (R2 = 0,251; p = 0,001).

Scham und Autonomie

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 (1) ◽  
pp. 163-192
Author(s):  
Sonja Rinofner-Kreidl
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Social Dynamics ◽  
Self Esteem ◽  
Self Determination ◽  
Intentional Content ◽  
Conceptual Clarification ◽  
The Social ◽  
Conventional Behavior ◽  
And Control

Autonomy is associated with intellectual self-preservation and self-determination. Shame, on the contrary, bears a loss of approval, self-esteem and control. Being afflicted with shame, we suffer from social dependencies that by no means have been freely chosen. Moreover, undergoing various experiences of shame, our power of reflection turns out to be severly limited owing to emotional embarrassment. In both ways, shame seems to be bound to heteronomy. This situation strongly calls for conceptual clarification. For this purpose, we introduce a threestage model of self-determination which comprises i) autonomy as capability of decision-making relating to given sets of choices, ii) self-commitment in terms of setting and harmonizing goals, and iii) self-realization in compliance with some range of persistently approved goals. Accordingly, the presuppositions and distinctive marks of shame-experiences are made explicit. Within this framework, we explore the intricate relation between autonomy and shame by focusing on two questions: on what conditions could conventional behavior be considered as self-determined? How should one characterize the varying roles of actors that are involved in typical cases of shame-experiences? In this connection, we advance the thesis that the social dynamics of shame turns into ambiguous positions relating to motivation, intentional content,and actors’ roles.

scholarly journals Social exclusion increases the executive function of attention networks

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Huoyin Zhang ◽  
Shiyunmeng Zhang ◽  
Jiachen Lu ◽  
Yi Lei ◽  
Hong Li
Keyword(s):  
Social Exclusion ◽  
Executive Control ◽  
Brain Regions ◽  
Negative Influence ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Research Attention ◽  
Attention Network ◽  
Attention Networks ◽  
The Social ◽  
And Control

AbstractPrevious studies in humans have shown that brain regions activating social exclusion overlap with those related to attention. However, in the context of social exclusion, how does behavioral monitoring affect individual behavior? In this study, we used the Cyberball game to induce the social exclusion effect in a group of participants. To explore the influence of social exclusion on the attention network, we administered the Attention Network Test (ANT) and compared results for the three subsystems of the attention network (orienting, alerting, and executive control) between exclusion (N = 60) and inclusion (N = 60) groups. Compared with the inclusion group, the exclusion group showed shorter overall response time and better executive control performance, but no significant differences in orienting or alerting. The excluded individuals showed a stronger ability to detect and control conflicts. It appears that social exclusion does not always exert a negative influence on individuals. In future research, attention to network can be used as indicators of social exclusion. This may further reveal how social exclusion affects individuals' psychosomatic mechanisms.

The Social Requirements of Technical Systems

2009 ◽  
pp. 2-22 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brian Whitworth
Keyword(s):  
Social System ◽  
Knowledge Exchange ◽  
Physical World ◽  
Social Needs ◽  
Network Systems ◽  
Technical Performance ◽  
The Social ◽  
Global Information Society ◽  
Technical Systems ◽  
E Mail

A socio-technical system (STS) is a social system built upon a technical base. An STS adds social requirements to human-computer interaction (HCI) requirements, which already add to technical (hardware and software) requirements. Socio-technical systems use technology to connect people socially, for example through e-mail, electronic markets, social network systems, knowledge exchange systems, blogs, chat rooms, and so forth. Yet while the technology is often new, the social principles of people interacting with people may not be. The requirements of successful social communities, whether mediated by computers or the physical world, may be similar. If so, socio-technical systems must close the gap between social needs and technical performance, between what communities want and what the technology does. If online society is essentially a social system, of people interacting with people, social principles rather than the mediating technology should drive its design. Societies create value through social synergy, which is lost for example when people steal from others, whether time (spam), money (scams), credibility (lying), reputation (libel) or anything else of value. The success of today’s global information society depends upon designing the architecture of online interaction to support social goals. This chapter briefly reviews some of the emerging requirements of STS design.

The Politics of Consultation

1973 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 332-353 ◽  
Author(s):  
Léon Dion
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Social System ◽  
Political System ◽  
Economic Organization ◽  
The Political ◽  
Pressure Groups ◽  
The Social ◽  
Political Forces

THE DIVERSIFICATION IN THE SOCIO-ECONOMIC ORGANIZATION AND the growth of the political system have increased the number of instances of decision-making and intensified the relations between social and political forces. Parties and pressure groups are not enough in themselves to channel the interests, ideologies, and stresses, originating in the social system, into the political system. Nevertheless, during the last forty years, other, less familiar channels have broadened considerably and of these it is what we call the consultative councils which have made the greatest impact. So much has their importance grown in recent years that they must be considered as a mechanism of systemic interaction, comparable in weight to those of the pressure groups or parties. The consultative councils have, in fact, become a major cog in the political system and any attempt to exclude them is doomed to failure.

Counterfactuals in Health and Risk Messaging

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Irina A. Iles ◽  
Xiaoli Nan
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Counterfactual Thinking ◽  
Depth Information ◽  
Negative Events ◽  
Positive Events ◽  
Political Sciences ◽  
The Social ◽  
The One ◽  
The Individual ◽  
And Control

Counterfactual thinking is the process of mentally undoing the outcome of an event by imagining alternate antecedent states. For example, one might think that if they had given up smoking earlier, their health would be better. Counterfactuals are more frequent following negative events than positive events. Counterfactuals have both aversive and beneficial consequences for the individual. On the one hand, individuals who engage in counterfactual thinking experience negative affect and are prone to biased judgment and decision making. On the other hand, counterfactuals serve a preparative function, and they help people reach their goals in the future by suggesting effective behavioral alternatives. Counterfactual thoughts have been found to influence an array of cognitive processes. Engaging in counterfactual thinking motivates careful, in-depth information processing, increases perceptions of self-efficacy and control, influences attitudes toward social matters, with consequences for behavioral intentions and subsequent behaviors. Although it is a heavily studied matter in some domains of the social sciences (e.g., psychology, political sciences, decision making), counterfactual thinking has received less attention in the communication discipline. Findings from the few studies conducted in communication suggest that counterfactual thinking is a promising message design strategy in risk and health contexts. Still, research in this area is critically needed, and it represents an opportunity to expand our knowledge.

scholarly journals Is a System Motive Really Necessary to Explain the System Justification Effect? A Response to Jost (2019) and Jost, Badaan, Goudarzi, Hoffarth, and Mogami (2019)

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chuma Kevin Owuamalam ◽  
Mark Rubin
Keyword(s):  
Social Identity ◽  
Social Reality ◽  
Conclusive Evidence ◽  
System Justification ◽  
Ingroup Bias ◽  
Special System ◽  
System Justification Theory ◽  
The Social ◽  
Identity Model ◽  
Identity Motives

The debate between the proponents of SIMSA and SJT does not pivot on whether system justification occurs – we all agree that system justification does occur. The issue is why it occurs? System justification theory (SJT; Jost & Banaji, 1994) assumes that system justification is motivated by a special system justification motive. In contrast, the social identity model of system attitudes (SIMSA; Owuamalam, Rubin, & Spears, 2018) argues that there is insufficient conclusive evidence for this special system motive, and that system justification can be explained in terms of social identity motives, including the motivation to accurately reflect social reality and the search for a positive social identity. Here, we respond to criticisms of SIMSA, including criticisms of its social reality, ingroup bias and hope for future ingroup status explanations of system justification. We conclude that SJT theorists should decide whether system justification is oppositional to, or compatible with social identity motives, and that this dilemma could be resolved by relinquishing the theoretically problematic notion of a system justification motivation.

scholarly journals Field research in the sphere of taxpayers’ equality

2021 ◽  
pp. 53-55
Author(s):  
Halyna Marchenko
Keyword(s):  
Social Justice ◽  
Social Inequality ◽  
Social System ◽  
Field Research ◽  
The State ◽  
Social Needs ◽  
Social Benefits ◽  
Economic Stability ◽  
Fair Treatment ◽  
The Social

corruption in any social system. At the same time, taxes are a measure of social justice and should not only ensure the economic stability of the state, but also instill in members of the taxpayer society a positive tolerance to the state. The term for defining the state as "social" implies meeting the social needs of each member of society. According to the author's view, this does not mean that the state should sponsor people, who do not want to work. At the same time, the state must provide an appropriate level of support to society members who, due to objective circumstances, need it. Taxes are a source of social benefits for society. At the same time, they are a form of fair treatment of citizens by the state. Inequality or injustice in the collection of taxes contributes to social inequality and significantly reduces the tolerance of society members to the state.

scholarly journals Algorithmic Accountability in Context. Socio-Technical Perspectives on Structural Causal Models

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nikolaus Poechhacker ◽  
Severin Kacianka
Keyword(s):  
Machine Learning ◽  
Decision Making ◽  
Social Theory ◽  
Social System ◽  
Causal Models ◽  
The Social ◽  
Algorithmic Accountability ◽  
Research Questions ◽  
New Form ◽  
Automated Decision Making

The increasing use of automated decision making (ADM) and machine learning sparked an ongoing discussion about algorithmic accountability. Within computer science, a new form of producing accountability has been discussed recently: causality as an expression of algorithmic accountability, formalized using structural causal models (SCMs). However, causality itself is a concept that needs further exploration. Therefore, in this contribution we confront ideas of SCMs with insights from social theory, more explicitly pragmatism, and argue that formal expressions of causality must always be seen in the context of the social system in which they are applied. This results in the formulation of further research questions and directions.

scholarly journals Aprendizaje - Servicio (ApS). Metodología y aplicación desde la asignatura de Gestión y Control de la Calidad = Service-Learning (S-L). Methodology and application from the subject of Quality Management and Control

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 60
Author(s):  
Daniel Ferrández Vega ◽  
Irantzu Recalde Esnoz ◽  
Carlos Moron Fernández ◽  
Engerst Yedra Álvarez
Keyword(s):  
Quality Management ◽  
Service Learning ◽  
Student Satisfaction ◽  
Social Needs ◽  
Professional Activity ◽  
The Sustainable Development ◽  
The Social ◽  
Development Goals ◽  
The Moment ◽  
And Control

El modelo educativo universitario de las últimas décadas ha cambiado radicalmente frente a las tradicionales clases magistrales. Es un hecho, que el profesorado debe actualizarse y adaptarse a las necesidades sociales del momento, elaborando materiales y planificando sus clases para formar ciudadanía competente para el desempeño de su actividad profesional. En este sentido, y como respuesta a esta necesidad, surge la metodología de Aprendizaje-Servicio (ApS), donde el alumnado puede aplicar de forma sencilla mediante la realización de un servicio los contenidos teóricos aprendidos en el aula, encontrando así un sentido práctico a aquello que estudian.En este trabajo se exponen los fundamentos teóricos y nociones básicas sobre el ApS, así como, la manera de llevar a cabo la planificación de una actividad docente que incluya esta metodología. Para ello, se ha empleado como ejemplo el trabajo realizado por estudiantes de la asignatura de Gestión y Control de la Calidad que, en línea con los Objetivos para el Desarrollo Sostenible, han llevado a cabo actividades de servicio en las que se ponían en práctica los conceptos aprendidos en materia de calidad medioambiental. Además, se ha realizado una encuesta para conocer la opinión del estudiantado involucrado en la actividad, los resultados muestran que el grado de satisfacción del estudiantado ha sido elevado, donde además, el 86% de los alumnos y alumnas encuestadas recomendaban la aplicación de esta metodología en cursos posteriores.AbstractThe university educational model of recent decades has radically changed compared to traditional masterclasses. It is a fact that teachers must update and adapt to the social needs of the moment, preparing materials, and planning their classes to form competent citizens for the performance of their professional activity. In this sense, and response to this need, the Service-Learning (S-L) methodology arises. Students can easily apply the theoretical contents learned in the classroom by performing a service, thus finding a practical sense for what they study.In this work, the theoretical foundations and basic notions about S-L are exposed, as well as the way to carry out the planning of a teaching activity that includes this methodology. For this, the work carried out by students of the Quality Management and Control course has been used as an example, who, in line with the Sustainable Development Goals, have carried out service activities in which the concepts learned regarding environmental quality. Besides, a survey has been carried out to determine the students' opinions involved in the activity. The results show that the degree of student satisfaction has been high, were also, 86% of the surveyed students recommended the application of this methodology in later courses.

scholarly journals Serbia and (anti)heroes

Sociologija ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 47 (2) ◽  
pp. 161-182 ◽  
Author(s):  
Olivera Pavicevic ◽  
Biljana Simeunovic-Patic
Keyword(s):  
Social System ◽  
Social Space ◽  
Social Reality ◽  
Social Meaning ◽  
Ordinary People ◽  
The Social

The paper considers a development and social meaning of social heroes, as well as the substance, functions and dichotomies of heroism, with particular view on those conditions in a social system that enable and facilitate a mutual approximation and symbolic and functional alternation of its diverse categories. The situation in Serbia during the last two decades was particularly the object of attention in an attempt to fortify the assumption that extreme turbulent processes inside the social space, followed by willing and substantial antisocial activity of certain favorably positioned groups, as well as by specific processing of social reality by those unfavorably positioned, "ordinary" people, make possible the conversion of classic antiheroes into social heroes.

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