scholarly journals Easy as pie. How not to treat statistics

2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 208-212
Author(s):  
A.N. Krichevets
Keyword(s):  
Data Processing ◽  
Statistical Methods ◽  
Critical Analysis ◽  
Scientific Community ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Series Of Experiments ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Probabilistic Nature ◽  
Statistical Results ◽  
Methodological Difficulties

The article discusses the methodological difficulties associated with the spread of statistical methods of data processing in psychological works. In particular, there is a simplification of the understanding of statistics by researchers, which increasingly leads to the adoption of the hypothesis of the presence of the effect, in a situation where it is not. There is a brief review of publications and examples where this issue is the subject of critical analysis. Presented a research which showed that in the repetition of experiments published in reputable journals, the significance accepted in the scientific community was observed only in 39% of the works — this effect was called the “publication shift”. The article discusses ways to solve this problem, in particular, meta-analysis, through which it is possible to confirm the results of a series of experiments relating to one problem — subject to the availability of information about the design and openness of raw data. An understanding of the probabilistic nature of statistical results must be mandatory for the evaluation of studies

scholarly journals APPLICATION OF GAME TECHNOLOGIES IN SOCIOCULTURAL ACTIVITY IN DEVELOPMENT OF CREATIVE ABILITIES OF CHILDREN

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 459-471
Author(s):  
N. V. Molchanova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Data Processing ◽  
Statistical Methods ◽  
Experimental Work ◽  
Survey Method ◽  
Creative Development ◽  
Development Technology ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Creative Abilities ◽  
The City

Introduction. The paper examines the features of using game technologies for organizing the work of a specialist in sociocultural activities. The subject of research is the features of the application of game technologies in sociocultural activities for the development of creative abilities in children. Materials and methods: The study employs the method of observation; analysis and generalization of scientific and research sources; study of the experience in sociocultural activities in the creative development of children; survey method; experimental work; project methods; and statistical methods of data processing. The research aims to identify the specific features and main trends in the use of game technologies for sociocultural activities in the development of children’s creative abilities. The objectives of the study are to define the aims of game activities; to develop a program for optimizing the use of game technologies in sociocultural institutions; to examine the effectiveness of games in a particular sociocultural institution in the city of Volgograd. Results: The research has identified the specific features of the development of children’s creative abilities; and indicated the effectiveness of game technologies for sociocultural activities in the development of children’s creative abilities. Conclusion: The scientific novelty of the research lies in the development of modern game technologies and their adoption in the cultural and leisure institutions, and in the identification of the effect these technologies produce on the creative development of children. Keywords: sociocultural activity, game, game technologies, creative abilities, culture, art, development, technology.

Replication of the Superstition and Performance Study by

2014 ◽  
Vol 45 (3) ◽  
pp. 239-245 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert J. Calin-Jageman ◽  
Tracy L. Caldwell
Keyword(s):  
Task Difficulty ◽  
Statistical Power ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
A Priori ◽  
Significant Heterogeneity ◽  
Performance Study ◽  
Improve Performance ◽  
Research Designs ◽  
Series Of Experiments ◽  
And Performance

A recent series of experiments suggests that fostering superstitions can substantially improve performance on a variety of motor and cognitive tasks ( Damisch, Stoberock, & Mussweiler, 2010 ). We conducted two high-powered and precise replications of one of these experiments, examining if telling participants they had a lucky golf ball could improve their performance on a 10-shot golf task relative to controls. We found that the effect of superstition on performance is elusive: Participants told they had a lucky ball performed almost identically to controls. Our failure to replicate the target study was not due to lack of impact, lack of statistical power, differences in task difficulty, nor differences in participant belief in luck. A meta-analysis indicates significant heterogeneity in the effect of superstition on performance. This could be due to an unknown moderator, but no effect was observed among the studies with the strongest research designs (e.g., high power, a priori sampling plan).

Planification: Potential and role in XXI century market economy

2016 ◽  
pp. 63-80 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Buzgalin ◽  
A. Kolganov
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
20Th Century ◽  
Market Economy ◽  
Critical Analysis ◽  
New Economy ◽  
Real Socialism ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Planning Institutions

The authors, basing on a critical analysis of the experience of planning during the 20th century in a number of countries of Europe and Asia, and also on the lessons from the economics of "real socialism", set out to substantiate their conclusions on the advisability of "reloading" this institution. The aim is to create planning mechanisms, suited to the new economy, that incorporate forecasting, projections, direct and indirect selective regulation and so forth into integral programs of economic development and that set a vector of development for particular limited spheres of what remains on the whole a market economy. New planning institutions presuppose a supersession of the forms of bureaucratic centralism and a reliance on network forms of organization of the subject and process of planning.

Research of the activity and viability of spermatozoa at different concentrations and proportions of diluents after incubation

2020 ◽  
pp. 88-95
Author(s):  
Svitlana Lobchenko ◽  
Tetiana Husar ◽  
Viktor Lobchenko
Keyword(s):  
Plasma Concentration ◽  
Incubation Time ◽  
Coefficient Of Variation ◽  
Incubation Medium ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Series Of Experiments ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Boar Spermatozoa ◽  
Native Plasma ◽  
Better Than

The results of studies of the viability of spermatozoa with different incubation time at different concentrations and using different diluents are highlighted in the article. (Un) concentrated spermatozoa were diluented: 1) with their native plasma; 2) medium 199; 3) a mixture of equal volumes of plasma and medium 199. The experiment was designed to generate experimental samples with spermatozoa concentrations prepared according to the method, namely: 0.2; 0.1; 0.05; 0.025 billion / ml. The sperm was evaluated after 2, 4, 6 and 8 hours. The perspective of such a study is significant and makes it possible to research various aspects of the subject in a wide range. In this regard, a series of experiments were conducted in this area. The data obtained are statistically processed and allow us to highlight the results that relate to each stage of the study. In particular, in this article it was found out some regularities between the viability of sperm, the type of diluent and the rate of rarefaction, as evidenced by the data presented in the tables. As a result of sperm incubation, the viability of spermatozoa remains at least the highest trend when sperm are diluted to a concentration of 0.1 billion / ml, regardless of the type of diluent used. To maintain the viability of sperm using this concentration of medium 199 is not better than its native plasma, and its mixture with an equal volume of plasma through any length of time incubation of such sperm. Most often it is at this concentration of sperm that their viability is characterized by the lowest coefficient of variation, regardless of the type of diluent used, which may indicate the greatest stability of the result under these conditions. The viability of spermatozoa with a concentration of 0.1 billion / ml is statistically significantly reduced only after 6 or even 8 hours of incubation. If the sperm are incubated for only 2 hours, regardless of the type of diluent used, the sperm concentrations tested do not affect the viability of the sperm. Key words: boar, spermatozoa, sperm plasma, concentration, incubation, medium 199, activity, viability, rarefaction.

scholarly journals XIV. On the absorption of gases by solids

1881 ◽  
Vol 32 (212-215) ◽  
pp. 407-408
Keyword(s):  
Royal Society ◽  
Hydraulic Press ◽  
Careful Examination ◽  
Solid Matter ◽  
Chemical Action ◽  
High Pressure And Temperature ◽  
Solid Iron ◽  
Series Of Experiments ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Very High

During the progress of the investigations which I have from time to time had the honour of bringing under the notice of the Royal Society, I have again and again noticed the apparent disappearance of gases inclosed in vessels of various materials when the disappearance could not be accounted for upon the assumption of ordinary leakage. After a careful examination of the subject I found that the solids absorbed or dissolved the gases, giving rise to a striking example of the fixation of a gas in a solid without chemical action. In carrying out that most troublesome investigation, the crystalline separation of carbon from its compounds, the tubes used for experiment have been in nine cases out of ten found to be empty on opening them, and in most cases a careful testing by hydraulic press showed no leakage. The gases seemed to go through the solid iron, although it was 2 inches thick. A series of experiments with various linings were tried. The tube was electro-plated with copper, silver, and gold, but with no greater success. Siliceous linings were tried fusible enamels and glass—but still the' tubes refused to hold the contents. Out of thirty-four experiments made since my last results were published, only four contained any liquid or condensed gaseous matter after the furnacing. I became convinced that the solid matter at the very high pressure and temperature used must be pervious to gases.

Insanity and Divorce

1892 ◽  
Vol 38 (162) ◽  
pp. 378-382
Author(s):  
A. Wood Renton
Keyword(s):  
Critical Analysis ◽  
Historical Development ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Law

In view of the interest which the subject is at present arousing, a critical analysis of the historical development of the law of insanity in its relation to divorce may be neither inopportune nor uninstructive.

Critical Analysis of Methods for Assessing the Innovation Potential of an Enterprise

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 28-35
Author(s):  
Mariya Podshivalova ◽  
S. Almrshed
Keyword(s):  
Critical Analysis ◽  
Graphical Representation ◽  
Assessment Tools ◽  
Classification Model ◽  
Second Stage ◽  
Innovation Potential ◽  
Economic Statistics ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Innovative Capacity

The starting point of research on assessing the innovative capacity of an enterprise is the question of definitions. In this regard, authors initially turned to review of scientific literature on the subject of definitions variety for the term "enterprise innovative capacity". These data show that the wording of this term by both foreign and Russian researchers differs significantly. Authors propose a systematization of approaches to the definition and a corresponding graphical classification model, which highlights the evolutionary, resource, functional and process approaches. Further, a critical analysis of approaches to assessing enterprise innovative capacity is carried out. At the first stage, the content of modern assessment methods was studied, and at the second stage, the mathematical tools used were studied. Authors have formed a graphical representation of critical analysis results and based on it, they have concluded that among the approaches to assessing enterprise innovative capacity, the evolutionary approach should be recognized as promising, and among the methods of quantitative assessment – tools of economic statistics.

scholarly journals Influence of Personal and Task Interdependence on Task Conflict and Team Effectiveness

2016 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 95 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeffrey Lawrence D'Silva ◽  
Adriana Ortega ◽  
Abdul Hadi Sulaiman
Keyword(s):  
Team Effectiveness ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Task Interdependence ◽  
Task Conflict ◽  
Personality Factors ◽  
Team Members ◽  
Information And Communication ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Given ◽  
And Task

<p>Undeniably working in teams are important as tasks are getting more complicated and advanced as a result of globalization and the speedy growth of information and communication technology. This calls for effectiveness from team members to complete all interdependent sub-tasks to ensure that the given tasks achieve its’ desired objectives. During the process of implementing the tasks, teams are poised to face conflicts that may derail the completion of tasks. The focus of this paper is to examine the influence of personality factors and task interdependence on task conflict and team effectiveness. A meta-analysis on past studies was carried out to gather data on the subject matter. The input obtained will be pertinent for future researchers in further understanding the complexities associated with task interdependence and personality on task conflict and team effectiveness.</p>

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