Low Cost Thermal Vacuum Testing Facility for Electronic Units

1988 ◽  
Vol 31 (6) ◽  
pp. 30-38
Author(s):  
Elhanan Dgany ◽  
Eytan Kochavi ◽  
Shimon Gruntman ◽  
Asher Kinan
Keyword(s):  
Low Cost ◽  
High Vacuum ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Acceptance Testing ◽  
Thermal Vacuum ◽  
Pumping System ◽  
Heating And Cooling ◽  
Performance Requirements ◽  
Testing Facility ◽  
Vacuum Testing

A thermal vacuum testing facility for electronic units has been specified, designed, and built. It is fully operational and performs its tasks—thermal vacuum qualification and acceptance testing of electronic units. All performance requirements and design details have been carefully evaluated on a cost-effective basis, resulting in achieving the design goal of low price (purchase, operation, and maintenance) together with ease of operation, maintenance simplicity, and upgrading options. The major cost saving originated from a detailed analysis of thermal vacuum requirements that resulted in low cost substitutes to the common thermal shroud, together with a thermal plate. The plate is actively thermally controlled by a circulating fluid that is temperature regulated by a commercial heating and cooling unit. The high vacuum pumping system includes a diffusion pump with backstreaming holders.

The Production of Reduced Graphene Oxide by a Low-Cost Vacuum System for Supercapacitor Applications

2018 ◽  
Vol 930 ◽  
pp. 609-612
Author(s):  
Quezia Cardoso ◽  
Franks Martins Silva ◽  
Ligia Silverio Vieira ◽  
Julio Cesar Serafim Casini ◽  
Solange Kazume Sakata ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Graphene Oxide ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
High Vacuum ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Practical Method ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Vacuum System ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Pump Pressure

Graphene has attracted significant interest because of its excellent electrical properties. However, a practical method for producing graphene on a large scale is yet to be developed. Graphene oxide (GO) can be partially reduced to graphene-like sheets by removing the oxygen-containing groups and recovering the conjugated structure. GO can be produced using inexpensive graphite as the raw material via cost-effective chemical methods. High vacuum and temperature (10−7 mbar and 1100°C, respectively) conditions are well-known to enable the preparation of reduced powder at the laboratory scale. However, a large-scale high vacuum reduction system that can be routinely operated at 10−7 mbar requires considerable initial capital as well as substantial operational and maintenance costs. The current study aims at developing an inexpensive method for the large-scale reduction of graphene oxide. A stainless steel vessel was evacuated to backing-pump pressure (10−2 mbar) and used to process GO at a range of temperatures. The reduction of GO powder at low vacuum pressures was attempted and investigated by X-ray diffraction and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. The experimental results of processing GO powder at various temperatures (200–1000°C) at relatively low pressures are reported. The microstructures of the processed materials were investigated using scanning electron microscopy and chemical microanalyses via energy dispersive X-ray analysis.

Microwave Sintering and Melting of Titanium Powder for Low-Cost Processing

2010 ◽  
Vol 436 ◽  
pp. 131-140 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ralph W. Bruce ◽  
Arne W. Fliflet ◽  
Hugo E. Huey ◽  
Chad Stephenson ◽  
M. Ashraf Imam
Keyword(s):  
Titanium Powder ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Microwave Sintering ◽  
High Vacuum ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Naval Research ◽  
Energy Usage ◽  
Electrode Consumption ◽  
Microwave System ◽  
Direct Induction

The emerging reduction technologies for titanium from ore produce powder instead of sponge. Conventional methods for sintering and melting of titanium powder are costly, as they are energy intensive and require high vacuum, 10-6 Torr or better, since titanium acts as a getter for oxygen at high temperature, adversely affecting mechanical properties. Other melting processes such as plasma arcs have the additional problem of electrode consumption, and direct induction heating of the titanium powder is problematic. Microwave sintering or melting in an atmospheric pressure argon gas environment is potentially cost effective and energy efficient due to the possibility of direct microwave heating of the titanium powder augmented by hybrid heating in a ceramic casket. We are investigating this approach at the Naval Research Laboratory using an S–Band microwave system. The experimental setup and the results of melting and sintering experiments will be described including a rough estimate of energy usage.

Effectiveness and Value of Space Vehicle Thermal Vacuum Testing

2020 ◽  
Vol 63 (1) ◽  
pp. 63-74
Author(s):  
John W. Welch ◽  
Bailey Z. Zhao ◽  
Derek J. McVay
Keyword(s):  
Space Vehicle ◽  
Space Vehicles ◽  
Thermal Vacuum ◽  
Test Environment ◽  
Environmental Testing ◽  
Performance Requirements ◽  
Flight Hardware ◽  
Mission Assurance ◽  
Vacuum Test ◽  
Vacuum Testing

Abstract Environmental testing of spacecraft flight hardware is performed to detect design and workmanship defects and verify mission requirements prior to launch. At the space vehicle level of assembly, the thermal vacuum test simulates an environment particularly well-suited for verifying mission performance requirements. In this paper, the test objectives of the space vehicle thermal vacuum test are reviewed and an assessment is made of the effectiveness and value of the test. Recent thermal vacuum test data is used to determine how the uniqueness of the thermal vacuum test environment achieves test purposes and how the test ensures mission assurance for space vehicles.

A High Vacuum Emission Chamber for Scanning Electron Microscopy

1975 ◽  
Vol 33 ◽  
pp. 150-151
Author(s):  
W.R. Bottoms ◽  
G.B. Haydon ◽  
L. J. Anderson
Keyword(s):  
Source Region ◽  
High Vacuum ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Electron Source ◽  
Optical Systems ◽  
Vacuum System ◽  
Pumping System ◽  
Cost Effective Method ◽  
Time Required ◽  
Maintenance Requirements

The performance of modem commercial electron optical systems is normally limited by the quality of the electron source and this area of the instrument invariably consumes the greatest portion of the maintenance time required by the equipment. The development of a “clean” high vacuum system for the emission chamber, of electron beam apparatus can offer the possibility of improved resolution as well as lower maintenance requirements. Among the benefits of an improved vacuum in the electron source region are increased filament life, and compatibility with high brightness in the emission chamber. One cost effective method for providing an improved vacuum environment for the electron source region on existing equipment is to replace the emission chamber with another which is provided with its own clean pumping system.

A Production Approach to Environmental Acceptance Testing of Space Vehicle Subsystems

1988 ◽  
Vol 31 (4) ◽  
pp. 26-48
Author(s):  
Arthur Jackola ◽  
John Allen
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Cycle ◽  
Space Vehicle ◽  
Test System ◽  
Black Box ◽  
Acceptance Testing ◽  
Thermal Vacuum ◽  
Environmental Test ◽  
And Control ◽  
Vacuum Testing ◽  
Production Approach

Rockwell International's Multi-Environment Test System (METS) is an environmental simulation facility for thermal cycle and thermal vacuum testing of space vehicle subsystems. The use of a central cryopump and eight radially mounted, independently controlled, test chambers provide test efficiencies not possible in single chamber test systems. Thermal cycle and thermal vacuum testing can be performed in each chamber and thereby further increase the efficiency of the test system. This article describes the Multi-Environment Test System and its configuration and control system and summarizes its use to support black-box environmental test programs.

Vacuum System to Minimize the Specimen Contamination of High-Performance EM

1977 ◽  
Vol 35 ◽  
pp. 68-69
Author(s):  
N. Yoshimura ◽  
K. Shirota ◽  
T. Etoh
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscope ◽  
High Speed ◽  
High Performance ◽  
High Vacuum ◽  
Vacuum System ◽  
Pump System ◽  
Pumping System ◽  
Diffusion Pump ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Cascade Type

One of the most important requirements for a high-performance EM, especially an analytical EM using a fine beam probe, is to prevent specimen contamination by providing a clean high vacuum in the vicinity of the specimen. However, in almost all commercial EMs, the pressure in the vicinity of the specimen under observation is usually more than ten times higher than the pressure measured at the punping line. The EM column inevitably requires the use of greased Viton O-rings for fine movement, and specimens and films need to be exchanged frequently and several attachments may also be exchanged. For these reasons, a high speed pumping system, as well as a clean vacuum system, is now required. A newly developed electron microscope, the JEM-100CX features clean high vacuum in the vicinity of the specimen, realized by the use of a CASCADE type diffusion pump system which has been essentially improved over its predeces- sorD employed on the JEM-100C.

ASSESSMENT OF THE PLATELET COUNT IN THE PREGNANT WOMEN IN IGIMS, PATNA, BIHAR

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tanwi Singh ◽  
Anshuman Sinha
Keyword(s):  
Platelet Count ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Screening Test ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Medical Science ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Platelet Indices ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Low Platelet Count ◽  
Severity Of The Disease

The major risk associated with low platelet count in pregnancy is the increased risk of bleeding during the childbirth or post that. There is an increased blood supply to the uterus during pregnancy and the surgical procedure requires cutting of major blood vessels. Women with thrombocytopenia are at increased risk of losing excessive blood. The risk is more in case of caesarean delivery as compared to vaginal delivery. Hence based on above findings the present study was planned for Assessment of the Platelet Count in the Pregnant Women in IGIMS, Patna, Bihar. The present study was planned in Department of Pathology, Indira Gandhi Institute of Medical Science, Patna, Bihar, India. The present study was planned from duration of January 2019 to June 2019. In the present study 200 pregnant females samples received for the platelet estimation were enrolled in the present study. Clinically platelet indices can be a useful screening test for early identification of preeclampsia and eclampsia. Also platelet indices can assess the prognosis of this disease in pregnant women and can be used as an effective prognostic marker because it correlates with severity of the disease. Platelet count is a simple, low cost, and rapid routine screening test. Hence the data generated from the present study concludes that platelet count can be used as a simple and cost effective tool to monitor the progression of preeclampsia, thereby preventing complications to develop during the gestational period. Keywords: Platelet Count, Pregnant Women, IGIMS, Patna, Bihar, etc.

Janus – A New Approach to Air Combat Pilot Training

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 (4) ◽  
pp. 7-22
Author(s):  
Georges Bridel ◽  
Zdobyslaw Goraj ◽  
Lukasz Kiszkowiak ◽  
Jean-Georges Brévot ◽  
Jean-Pierre Devaux ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Low Cost ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Training System ◽  
Embedded Sensors ◽  
Pilot Training ◽  
New Approach ◽  
Combat Aircraft ◽  
Air Combat ◽  
The Cost

Abstract Advanced jet training still relies on old concepts and solutions that are no longer efficient when considering the current and forthcoming changes in air combat. The cost of those old solutions to develop and maintain combat pilot skills are important, adding even more constraints to the training limitations. The requirement of having a trainer aircraft able to perform also light combat aircraft operational mission is adding unnecessary complexity and cost without any real operational advantages to air combat mission training. Thanks to emerging technologies, the JANUS project will study the feasibility of a brand-new concept of agile manoeuvrable training aircraft and an integrated training system, able to provide a live, virtual and constructive environment. The JANUS concept is based on a lightweight, low-cost, high energy aircraft associated to a ground based Integrated Training System providing simulated and emulated signals, simulated and real opponents, combined with real-time feedback on pilot’s physiological characteristics: traditionally embedded sensors are replaced with emulated signals, simulated opponents are proposed to the pilot, enabling out of sight engagement. JANUS is also providing new cost effective and more realistic solutions for “Red air aircraft” missions, organised in so-called “Aggressor Squadrons”.

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