SEMANTICS OF PHYSICAL VIOLENCE IN NOVEL “PĪTERS VYLĀNS” BY ČENČU JEZUPS

Via Latgalica ◽  
2018 ◽  
pp. 95
Author(s):  
Ligija Purinaša
Keyword(s):  
Semantic Analysis ◽  
Physical Violence ◽  
Russian Revolution ◽  
Language Usage ◽  
Semantic Field ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Semantic Roles ◽  
Third Person ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Third Person

Physical violence is a social phenomenon, which is mostly connected with human psychology. There are two main instincts typical of human beings: instinct of life and instinct of death. Violence is one of death instincts. Čenču Jezups (real name Jezups Kindzuļs, 1888–1941?) was a Latgalian public figure, agronomist, publicist and writer. His novel “Pīters Vylāns” is written about 1905 Russian Revolution, which also occurred in the territory of Latvia and Latgale and was one of the most forcible periods in the history of Latvia during the 20th century. Bearing in mind that language is always linked with thinking and language usage reflects author’s view of the world, the aim of this research is to analyse semantics of lexis connected with physical violence. The author of this research has selected the methods of semantic field theory, linguacultural approach, and analysis of semantic components. There is much discussion about meaning in linguistics and semantics, which shows that semantic analysis is often a subjective process depending on researcher’s interpretation. To obtain reliable results, this research is based on the theory about semantic roles and how they display physical violence. Major or core semantic roles are Aggressor, Victim and Cause. The author of this research is interested in interpersonal physical violence, which appears in novel “Pīters Vylāns” as Subjects or Objects of physical violence. There are several functional levels of physical violence lexis: 1) it is actualized in context with 1905 Russian Revolution; 2) it is a way, how to give a masculine voice in novel; 3) subjects and objects of psychical violence are interacting; 4) it demonstrates some features of patriarchal thinking. A number of verbs are used to describe violence, which means that violence is very active and it includes lot of persons as aggressors or victims, or both. In some cases subjects of physical violence are anonymous. Usage of pronouns is also important, because they help to describe violence. For example, “I” as storyteller , “you” in dialogue function, “he” or “she” as the third person or somebody and “we” as group of aggressors or victims. Domestic violence is directed to husband or wife and mostly it is described as men’s power over women, but in some cases also women are aggressors.

Clitics, affixes, and the evolution of the question marker ‘tu’ in Canadian French

1991 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 179-187 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marc Picard
Keyword(s):  
Singular Series ◽  
Canadian French ◽  
The Third ◽  
Third Person ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Third Person

AbstractClitics and affixes are known to originate from erstwhile independent words. In French, a question marker has developed in a most peculiar way through the combination of a verb-final consonant and the third person masculine singular pronoun, and has gradually spread to other persons through a singular series of phonological, syntactic and analogical processes. Although this it is now all but moribund in Continental Frenceh, its offshoot tu is alive and well in Canadian French, the construction subject + verb + tu having become the most usual way of formulating yes-no questions in this dialect. Despite the long history of ti\tu, however, its exact grammatical status has yet to be established. Various criteria that have been proposed in recent years to distinguish clitics from affixes would seem to indicate that this morpheme should be properly classified as a suffis.

Islam and the West

2012 ◽  
Vol 38 (4-5) ◽  
pp. 477-483 ◽  
Author(s):  
Akeel Bilgrami
Keyword(s):  
Point Of View ◽  
Clash Of Civilizations ◽  
The West ◽  
Religious Identities ◽  
The Third ◽  
Third Person ◽  
History Of ◽  
Short Essay ◽  
The Third Person ◽  
Western Media

This short essay analyzes the deception and self-deception in talk of ‘the clash of civilizations’ and proceeds to diagnose what is wrong in the standard understanding of Islam in the Western media today by looking to the abiding history of colonial relations with Islam down to this day and also looking to the relation between ideals of democracy and the formation of religious identities. The essay closes with some remarks about the nature of identity and the importance to one's own agency of the distinction between the first and the third person point of view in Muslim self-understanding.

scholarly journals Narrar e ser: a pessoalidade do narrador de Eu receberia as piores notícias de seus lindos lábios / Narrating and Being: The Us Narrator’s Personality Eu receberia as piores notícias de seus lindos lábios

2021 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 170
Author(s):  
Netanias Mateus De Souza Castro
Keyword(s):  
Point Of View ◽  
First Person ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Safe Distance ◽  
History Of The Novel ◽  
The Third ◽  
The Us ◽  
Third Person ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Third Person

Resumo: A história do romance viu, diante de si, formas diversas de narrar, conforme aponta os escritos de Theodor W. Adorno, por exemplo. Desde narradores impessoais, mantendo a distância segura que lhe confere a narrativa em terceira pessoa até os casos em que o que se narra é algo diretamente relacionado ao próprio narrador. Esse parece ser o caso do romance de Marçal Aquino, Eu receberia as piores notícias de seus lindos lábios, que conta o envolvimento amoroso de Cauby e Lavínia a partir do olhar do próprio Cauby. Esse narra de um modo cuja relação de si mesmo com a narrativa fica explícita, tamanha é sua passionalidade em relação às suas vivências e ao ato de narrar. Isso se manifesta tanto na linguagem, em termos de escolhas narrativas, quanto nas ações do narrador-personagem-protagonista que narra e vive aquilo que narra. Suas características mais notáveis são a passionalidade, a capacidade de registrar fotograficamente detalhes da narrativa e o rompimento com técnicas narrativas tradicionais.Palavras-chave: narrador; primeira pessoa; romance brasileiro contemporâneo; Eu receberia as piores notícias de seus lindos lábios.Abstract: The history of the novel saw, before it, different ways of narrating, as pointed out by the writings of Theodor W. Adorno, for example. From impersonal narrators, maintaining the safe distance that the third person narrative gives him until the cases in which what is narrated is something directly related to the narrator himself. This seems to be the case with Marçal Aquino’s novel I would receive the worst news from his beautiful lips, which tells of Cauby and Lavínia’s loving involvement from the point of view of Cauby himself. He narrates in a way whose relationship with himself and the narrative is explicit, such is his passion for his experiences and the act of narrating. This manifests itself both in language, in terms of narrative choices, and in the actions of the narrator-character-protagonist who narrates and experiences what he narrates. Its most notable characteristics are passionality, the ability to photographically record details of the narrative and break with traditional narrative techniques.Keywords: narrator; first person; contemporary Brazilian romance; Eu receberia as piores notícias de seus lindos lábios.

“Rosa Luxemburg Belongs to Us!” German Communism and the Luxemburg Legacy

1994 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 27-64 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eric D. Weitz
Keyword(s):  
Democratic Republic ◽  
Russian Revolution ◽  
Democratic Politics ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Ordinary People ◽  
Bolshevik Revolution ◽  
History Of ◽  
Entire History ◽  
Socialist Politics ◽  
Rosa Luxemburg

Rosa Luxemburg's commitment to democratic politics stands as her most pronounced intellectual legacy. Her rhetoric, rarely mundane, becomes especially compelling and powerful when she invokes the creative potential of human beings to order their own affairs, the lifeblood of society pulsing through the actions of ordinary people. Especially her famed writings on the Russian Revolution have served as the intellectual wellsprings for an alternative socialist politics beginning with Paul Levi (her successor as head of the Communist party of Germany) in 1922 and continuing through the entire history of the twentieth- century Left. Written within months of the Bolshevik Revolution and while she still languished in prison, the oft-cited passages offer some of the finest expressions of her democratic sensibilities. In the margins she wrote what would become one of her most famous passages, the central phrase of which— “Freiheit ist immer Freiheit der Andersdenkenden”— was unfurled at the Liebknect-Luxemburg counterdemonstration in January 1988 in the German Democratic Republic and became the clarion call of the opposition in its early phase.

Writing good Southerne: Local and supralocal norms in the Plumpton letter collection

2002 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-17 ◽  
Author(s):  
Colette Moore
Keyword(s):  
Early Modern Period ◽  
Local Form ◽  
Person Plural ◽  
The Third ◽  
Language History ◽  
The North ◽  
Third Person ◽  
History Of ◽  
And Gender ◽  
The Third Person

The relatively recent application of sociolinguistic methodology to the study of language history offers techniques for approaching regional and social variation and change in earlier stages of English. This article focuses on changes in written norms in the history of English, examining several morphosyntactic variables that were in flux in England in the 15th and 16th centuries: the third person present singular verb endings, the third person plural be, and the Northern Present-Tense Rule for third person plural verbs. These variables are significant because each of them presents two competing forms in the north of England in the Early Modern period: a local form and a supralocal form. The present analysis, after examining the correlation between the linguistic variables and gender and social function, concludes that the results may be understood through a conflict model in which variants supralocalize to accommodate the demands of alternative linguistic markets.

scholarly journals Seeing what I did (not): Cerebral and behavioral effects of agency and perspective on episodic memory re-activation

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Benjamin Jainta ◽  
Sophie Siestrup ◽  
Nadiya El-Sourani ◽  
Ima Trempler ◽  
Moritz Wurm ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hippocampal Formation ◽  
Memory Performance ◽  
Original Form ◽  
Person Perspective ◽  
Fmri Study ◽  
Third Person ◽  
History Of ◽  
Third Person Perspective ◽  
Behavioral Memory ◽  
The Third Person

Intuitively, we assume that we remember episodes better when we actively participated in them and were not mere observers. Independently of this, we can recall episodes from either the first-person perspective (1pp) or the third-person perspective (3pp). In this functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) study, we tested whether agency and perspective modulate neural activity during memory retrieval and subsequently enhance memory performance. Subjects encoded a set of different episodes by either imitating or only observing videos that showed short toy stories. A week later, we conducted fMRI and cued episodic retrieval by presenting the original videos, or slightly modified versions thereof, from 1pp or from 3pp. The hippocampal formation responded more strongly to episodic mismatches in previously self-performed vs. only observed actions. In a post-fMRI memory test a history of self-performance did not improve behavioral memory performance. However, modified videos were often (falsely) accepted as showing truly experienced episodes when: (i) they were already presented in this modified version during fMRI or (ii) they were presented in their original form during fMRI but from 3pp. Together, our findings demonstrate that self-performance and self-perspective modulate the strength of a memory trace in different ways. Even when memory performance remains the same for different agentive states, the brain is capable of detecting mismatching information. Re-experiencing the latter impairs memory performance as well as retrieving encoded episodes from 3pp.

scholarly journals An attempt of semantic analysis of the predicate “to rent”

2015 ◽  
pp. 101-111
Author(s):  
G. V. Petrova
Keyword(s):  
Semantic Analysis ◽  
Emotional State ◽  
Negative Evaluation ◽  
Emotional States ◽  
Semantic Field ◽  
Human Relationships ◽  
The Past ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Intentional Acts

The present article analyses the predicates of the “repentance” semantic field (arrependimento m, arrepender-se vr, estar arrependido) in Portuguese. Predicates of repentance describe emotional state with negative evaluation, the cause of which is in the past. The cause may describe actions, intentional acts and emotional states of the same subject only, and is conveyed in syntaxes by a noun or a proposition. Predicate of repentance is included into a “history” of human relationships, which has the causality of its own. Predicates of repentance may carry a seme of limitation (beginning), they are not dispositional, neither can they be graduated. The emotional state of repentance seldom manifests itself and is uncontrollable. The subject of repentance is passive. If the subject is active, and semes demonstrate controllability, the verbs change their meaning and switch into the domain of intentional predicates or predicates of behavior (action).

scholarly journals STYLISTICALLY MARKED VERBS FROM THE DOMAIN OF HUMAN SPEAKING ACTIVITY IN CONTEMPORARY RUSSIAN AND SERBIAN

2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 31-43
Author(s):  
Tijana BALEK
Keyword(s):  
General Characteristic ◽  
Semantic Features ◽  
Physical Change ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
The Third ◽  
Primary Meaning ◽  
Third Person ◽  
The Third Person

the paper we present negatively marked verbs denoting speech based on material from Russian and Serbian languages. The verbs were excerpted from various descriptive and specialized dictionaries and illustrative examples of their use in context were taken mostly from Russian and Serbian electronic corpora. A general characteristic of the verbs discussed is the denotation of the speaking activity of human beings. However, speaking activity does not need to be their primary meaning because verbs have the ability to transpose their semantics into the analyzed domain. It is thereason why we divided the excerpted material into four groups, according to its dominant distinctive semantic features: (1) verbs that have (primarily) negative meaning of speaking activity, (2) verbs that primarily denote animal and/or onomatopoetic sounds, (3) verbs that denote physical change of the objects and (4) the others (with unclear etymology). Theconducted analysis has shown that the list of the verbs observed grows constantly and that it is impossible to give strict numbers of its components. Their main pragmatic characteristics, however, are the usage in the second or the third person of the singular or plural, because the speaker in most cases has the tendency to assess negatively the speech of other people but not his/her own.

On the History of the Third Person Ending in Italian

Italica ◽  
1958 ◽  
Vol 35 (3) ◽  
pp. 192 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert L. Politzer
Keyword(s):  
The Third ◽  
Third Person ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Third Person

scholarly journals POSITIVE EVALUATION OF ALIEN SPACE IN THE ENGLISH BIBLE TEX: LEXICO-SEMANTIC PECULIARITIES

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (193) ◽  
pp. 273-277
Author(s):  
Iryna Chernyshova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Linguistics ◽  
Semantic Analysis ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
Negative Evaluation ◽  
Personal Pronoun ◽  
The Third ◽  
Negative State ◽  
Third Person ◽  
The Third Person ◽  
Positive Evaluation

The research sets out to investigate positive evaluation in the English ВіЬІе text. We focus on lexicо-semantic peculiarities of evaluative sentences with the deictic markers of the third person being used to manifest "alien" space. For this we consider the category of "one’s own" / "alien", which is closely related to deixis and evaluation, single out the main features of the phenomenon and determine the rate of third person’s positive evaluation in the text. As a result of the lexicо-semantic analysis we can assert that positive qualities of the "alien" world and manifestation of the speaker’s positive attitude to it are in the focus in the English Bible text. Other varieties of onomasiological features (negative state, status) are characterized by a low frequency of manifestation, which suggests the idea that the most important parameters that determine positive evaluation are positive actions and qualities corresponding to the universally accepted ethical norms. In a number of cases the personal pronoun he is used to indicate a certain referent (God), as a result, acquires positive evaluation. In this case he develops the expression of amplification and positive evaluation and means "the one". On the other hand, the personal pronoun they in most cases refers to strangers, people of other religions having negative evaluation. The positive evaluation of the third-person world can be verbalized metaphorically. Thus, the Lord God in the text is referred to such positive notions with the meaning of protection and salvation as "Salvation", "The Rock", "our help and our shield", "my defense", "the horn of my salvation", "my high tower", "a restorer of thy life", "a buckler". We see prospects for further study in the research of syntactic and communicative-pragmatic characteristics of "one's own"/ "alien" space as well as in the study of local and temporal markers of evaluation. Special consideration can also be given to analyzing this problem in texts of other functional styles, as well as shifting the focus of research to the field of cognitive linguistics.

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