Serum and Saliva 25(OH)D Levels in Relation to Dental Caries in Young Children

2021 ◽  
Vol 45 (6) ◽  
pp. 414-420
Author(s):  
Alaa Sabah Hussein ◽  
Manal Mohamed Almoudi ◽  
Mohamed Ibrahim Abu-Hassan ◽  
Robert J Schroth ◽  
Bahruddin Saripudin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dental Caries ◽  
Young Children ◽  
Rank Correlation ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Healthy Children ◽  
Spearman’S Rank Correlation ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Whole Saliva ◽  
Dmft Index ◽  
Unstimulated Whole Saliva

Objective: Several studies have reported that low levels of vitamin D (25(OH)D) are associated with an increased risk of dental caries and that optimal levels may offer protection This study aimed to assess the relationship between serum and saliva 25(OH)D levels and caries among young children. Study design: A total of 120 healthy children were recruited; 93 with caries and 27 caries-free. Dental caries status was evaluated using decayed, missing and filled in primary teeth (dmft) index. Blood and unstimulated whole saliva samples were collected. Laboratory analysis was performed using Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay Kit. Data were analyzed with descriptive statistics, bivariate and Spearman’s rank correlation analysis. Results: There were no significant associations between serum and saliva 25(OH)D levels and caries status (P > 0.05). Levels of 25(OH)D in serum were significantly higher than levels found in saliva (P < 0.05), and a correlation between serum and saliva 25(OH)D levels was observed (P < 0.05). Conclusions: The association between serum and saliva 25(OH)D and dental caries in young children was inconclusive. However, a positive and significant correlation was observed between serum and saliva 25(OH)D levels. Further studies are warranted to investigate the definite relation between 25(OH)D levels and dental caries and using saliva 25(OH)D as a non-invasive alternative method over blood samples.

scholarly journals Relationship of Dental Caries with Fluoride Concentration in Unstimulated whole Saliva of 7 to 15-year-old Nonfluoride Users

2014 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 59-62
Author(s):  
Suresh Sharma ◽  
Manjit Talwar ◽  
Amrit Tewari ◽  
Harpinder Singh Chawla ◽  
Vinod Sachdev
Keyword(s):  
Dental Caries ◽  
Fluoride Concentration ◽  
Rank Correlation ◽  
Spearman’S Rank Correlation ◽  
Spearman’S Rank Correlation Coefficient ◽  
Whole Saliva ◽  
Fluoride Electrode ◽  
Unstimulated Whole Saliva ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

ABSTRACT Objective The objective of the present study was to investigate the relationship between dental caries and fluoride concentration in unstimulated whole saliva of non-fluoride users. Study design Ninety subjects, aged 7 to 15 years who were non-fluoride users, participated in the study. Dental caries was recorded using modified Moller's index. Unstimulated whole saliva samples were collected early in the morning. Fluoride concentration in saliva was estimated using combination ion specific fluoride electrode (Orion). Water fluoride of the area ranged from 0.34 to 0.38 ppm. Results Salivary fluoride concentration (mean ± SE) in saliva (n = 90) was 0.03 ± 0.03 ppm with a range of 0.01 to 0.24 ppm. The DMFT ± SE was 3.26 ± 0.27 and DMFS 4.30 ± 0.42. Correlation of fluoride concentration in saliva was inverse and significant with DMFT (p < 0.01) and DMFS (p < 0.01) using the Spearman's rank correlation coefficient. Conclusion Fluoride concentration in saliva could be an indication of the individual's caries risk and help isolating high risk individuals requiring special chairside preventive strategies. How to cite this article Talwar M, Tewari A, Chawla HS, Sachdev V, Sharma S. Relationship of Dental Caries with Fluoride Concentration in Unstimulated whole Saliva of 7 to 15-year-old Nonfluoride Users. Int J Experiment Dent Sci 2014;3(2): 59-62.

The Association of Early Childhood Caries with Salivary Antimicrobial Peptide LL37 and Mutans Streptococci

2021 ◽  
Vol 45 (5) ◽  
pp. 330-336
Author(s):  
Manal Mohamed Almoudi ◽  
Alaa Sabah Hussein ◽  
Mohamed Ibrahim Abu-Hassan ◽  
Bahruddin Saripudin ◽  
Mohd Shawal Firdaus Mohamad
Keyword(s):  
Early Childhood ◽  
Dental Caries ◽  
Early Childhood Caries ◽  
Rank Correlation ◽  
Protective Role ◽  
Oral Bacteria ◽  
Mutans Streptococci ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Whole Saliva ◽  
Childhood Caries

Purpose: This study aims to determine the relation of salivary LL37 level and mutans streptococci levels in early childhood caries (ECC). Study design: A case-control study was performed in children ≤71 months old. Unstimulated whole saliva was collected and the level of salivary LL37 was measured using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kit. The mutans streptococci oral bacteria were isolated from saliva and identified using a modified SB-20 culture medium (SB-20M). Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, bivariate, and Spearman’s rank correlation analysis. Results: The was a variability of salivary LL37 level among the children and the level was significantly associated with age and races. The median (IQR) value of salivary LL37 in caries-free (CF) children was significantly higher 393.50 (580.55) ng/mL compared to 172.50 (234.65) ng/mL in the ECC group. The ECC children exhibited a significantly higher count of S. mutans and S. sobrinus compared to the CF children. An inverse weak correlation between salivary LL37 and dmft was also observed. Conclusions: The low salivary LL37 level and higher S. mutans and S. sobrinus count in ECC supported the protective role of salivary LL37 against dental caries. Further studies are required to explore the definite relation between salivary LL37 levels and dental caries.

scholarly journals Evaluation of the Level of Salivary sHLA-G in Children Aged 3–5 Years with or without Dental Caries

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Mansoureh Bijani ◽  
Amrollah Mostafazadeh ◽  
Mina Motallebnejad ◽  
Ali Bijani ◽  
Roghiyeh Pourbagher ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dental Caries ◽  
Rank Correlation ◽  
Human Leukocyte ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Host Immune System ◽  
Healthy Children ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Spearman’S Rank Correlation ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Mean

Aim and Background. Early childhood caries (ECC) is a common type of dental caries affecting children. As dental caries is a bacterial infectious disease, the host immune system parameters including soluble human leukocyte antigen-G (sHLA-G) are essential factors in estimating dental caries. The study aimed to investigate and compare the concentration of sHLA-G in the saliva of children with or without dental caries. Methods and Materials. This analytic cross-sectional study was carried out on 83 healthy children aged 3 to 5 years of both genders, who were divided into three groups based on decayed dental surfaces (ds): group 1, caries-free children (CF, n = 29); group 2, children with 1 ≤ ds ≤ 3, 1 ≤ ds ≤ 4, and 1 ≤ ds ≤ 5 for age 3, 4, and 5 years, respectively (ECC, n = 20); and group 3, children with ds ≥ 4, ds ≥ 5, and ds ≥ 6 for age 3, 4, and 5 years, respectively (S-ECC, n = 34). The unstimulated saliva samples were collected, and the salivary sHLA-G concentration was measured by the ELISA kit. The SPSS Statistics v17.0 software and Mann–Whitney, Kruskal–Wallis, chi-square, and Spearman’s rank correlation tests were used for statistical analysis. The level of significance was considered at p<0.05. Results. The mean concentrations of salivary sHLA-G in CF, ECC, and S-ECC groups were 3.18 ± 2.28, 5.64 ± 5.51, and 6.21 ± 6.03 ng/l, respectively (p=0.047), and the mean salivary sHLA-G level was comparatively higher in children with dental caries than that of the CF group (p=0.02), but there is no significant difference between ECC and S-ECC groups (p>0.05). Spearman’s rank correlation test showed a weak positive correlation (p=0.039, r = 0.22), between the level of salivary sHLA-G and dental caries. Conclusion. The present study provides some preliminary evidences on relationship between sHLA-G and dental caries in children.

scholarly journals Association of salivary pH in patients with dental caries and periodontal disease

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 240
Author(s):  
Astha Joshi ◽  
Ankita Gupta ◽  
Ratika Lihala ◽  
Pulkit Vaid
Keyword(s):  
Dental Caries ◽  
Periodontal Disease ◽  
Ph Value ◽  
Aggressive Periodontitis ◽  
Vital Role ◽  
Whole Saliva ◽  
Salivary Ph ◽  
Dmft Index ◽  
Low Prevalence ◽  
Unstimulated Whole Saliva

Background: The aims of the study was to find out the prevalence of dental caries in healthy and periodontal disease and its association with salivary pH.Methods: A total of 80 healthy subjects reporting to the department of periodontology were selected. They were divided into four groups (clinically healthy gingival, chronic generalized gingivitis, chronic generalized periodontitis, and aggressive periodontitis) with 20 subjects in each. Periodontal parameters; decayed, missing, and filled teeth (DMFT) index and salivary pH were recorded. Unstimulated whole saliva was collected according to Navazesh method. The pH of saliva was immediately measrued using a single electrode digital pH meter.Results: Based on statistical test it was seen that caries prevalence and DMFT was found out to be least in aggressive periodontitis group, along with least mean pH value, as compared to the other 3 groups, p<0.05.Conclusions: The low prevalence of caries in aggressive periodontitis can be attributed to the low pH of saliva. Salivary pH plays a vital role in the formation of microbial film, which in turn has a significant role in the pathogenesis of both dental caries and periodontitis.

scholarly journals MBD2 as a Potential Novel Biomarker for Identifying Severe Asthma With Different Endotypes

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhifeng Chen ◽  
Yu Yuan ◽  
Yi He ◽  
Binaya Wasti ◽  
Wentao Duan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Severe Asthma ◽  
Peripheral Blood ◽  
Th17 Cells ◽  
Rank Correlation ◽  
Th2 Cells ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Asthma Control Test ◽  
Cationic Protein ◽  
Spearman’S Rank Correlation ◽  
Th17 Cell Differentiation

Background: Studies have shown that methyl-CpG binding domain protein 2 (MBD2) expression is significantly elevated in a neutrophil-dominant severe asthma mouse model. It also regulates Th17 cell differentiation. The objective of this study was to investigate the relationship between serum MBD2 levels in patients with severe asthma with different endotypes.Methods: Eligible adults with confirmed asthma (n = 63) underwent a clinical assessment, asthma control test and pulmonary function test and were classified as having mild, moderate or severe asthma. Severe asthma endotypes were defined according to the percentage of Th2 and Th17 cells in the peripheral blood and by the type of inflammation. The percentage of Th2 and Th17 cells in the peripheral blood was determined by flow cytometry. Serum MBD2, eosinophilic cationic protein and myeloperoxidase were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Correlations of MBD2 expression with clinical parameters were evaluated using Spearman's rank correlation analysis.Results: Serum MBD2 levels were upregulated in patients with severe asthma compared to healthy controls and patients with mild to moderate asthma. MBD2 was also significantly increased in patients with Th17 severe asthma compared to patients with type 2 severe asthma. Furthermore, MBD2 was positively correlated with MPO and Th17 cells but negatively correlated with ECP and Th2 cells in patients with severe asthma.Conclusions: These findings suggest that serum MBD2 may be a potential new biomarker for identifying severe asthma, Th17 severe asthma and the type of airway inflammation. However, these findings are still preliminary and need to be further investigated.

scholarly journals Abnormal expression and clinical significance of 25-hydroxyvitamin D and sFlt-1 in patients with preeclampsia

2019 ◽  
Vol 47 (10) ◽  
pp. 4673-4682 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xinhua Chen ◽  
Xuxia Xi ◽  
Fan Cui ◽  
Ming Wen ◽  
Aijuan Hong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Late Onset ◽  
Demographic Data ◽  
Rank Correlation ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Lower Serum ◽  
Hydroxyvitamin D ◽  
Diagnosis And Prognosis ◽  
Spearman’S Rank Correlation ◽  
Spearman’S Rank Correlation Coefficient ◽  
25 Hydroxyvitamin D

Objective To determine the association between levels of serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25[OH]D) and soluble fms-like tyrosine kinase 1 (sFlt-1) in patients with preeclampsia. Methods Clinical and demographic data were collected from patients with preeclampsia and healthy pregnant controls. Serum 25(OH)D and sFlt-1 levels were evaluated by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and their correlations were determined using Spearman’s rank correlation coefficient. Associations between serum 25(OH)D and sFlt-1 levels and disease severity and clinical parameters were evaluated. Results Significantly lower serum 25(OH)D and higher sFlt-1 levels were observed in patients with preeclampsia ( n = 100) versus controls ( n = 100), and 25(OH)D was inversely correlated with sFlt-1 in patients with preeclampsia. Serum 25(OH)D levels were reduced, while sFlt-1 concentration was increased in patients with severe versus mild preeclampsia. Serum 25(OH)D levels were reduced in late-onset versus early-onset severe preeclampsia. Patients with preeclampsia who had lower serum 25(OH)D or elevated sFlt-1 levels showed significantly higher blood pressure indexes versus those with higher 25(OH)D or lower sFlt-1. Conclusions Low serum 25(OH)D and high sFlt-1 may be candidate biomarkers for preeclampsia diagnosis and prognosis.

A genetic study of steroid-resistant nephrotic syndrome: relationship between polymorphism -173 G to C in the MIF gene and serum level MIF in children

2015 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 102-107 ◽  
Author(s):  
O. R. Ramayani ◽  
N. Sekarwana ◽  
P. P. Trihono ◽  
A. H. Sadewa ◽  
A. Lelo
Keyword(s):  
Nephrotic Syndrome ◽  
Steroid Resistance ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Healthy Children ◽  
Single Nucleotide ◽  
Steroid Resistant ◽  
Steroid Resistant Nephrotic Syndrome ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Steroid Sensitive Nephrotic Syndrome ◽  
Steroid Sensitive

There is no satisfactory explanation as to why some nephrotic syndrome (NS) patients respond to glucocorticoids and others do not. The aim of this study was to investigate an association between single nucleotide polymorphism of the MIF gene -rs755622 and serum MIF concentrations in NS patients. During a period between November 2011 and September 2012, 120 consecutive children divided into three groups [healthy children, steroid-resistant nephrotic syndrome (SRNS) and steroid-sensitive nephrotic syndrome (SSNS)] were examined. Children were defined as healthy when they had a normal estimated glomerular filtration rate and spot urinary albumin creatinine ratio <150 μg/mg creatinine. SRNS was diagnosed in children who did not respond to the usual doses of steroids within 4 weeks of initiating treatment. SSNS patients were defined as those who had remission after usual doses of steroids. The genotype of -173 G to C polymorphism of the MIF gene was determined using polymerase chain reaction restriction fragment length polymorphism methods. Serum MIF concentration was measured using sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The allele frequency of the C allele was higher in SRNS compared with that of SSNS patients (P=0.025). There was a trend toward an association between genotypes and serum MIF disturbances. In conclusion, this study noted elevated circulating serum MIF levels and higher frequency of the C allele of the MIF gene in SRNS patients. The presence of the C allele implies an increased risk for steroid resistance.

scholarly journals Consumption of sugar-sweetened beverages and its association with overweight among young children from China

2016 ◽  
Vol 19 (13) ◽  
pp. 2336-2346 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pan Yu ◽  
Yun Chen ◽  
Ai Zhao ◽  
Ying Bai ◽  
Yingdong Zheng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
Young Children ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Positive Association ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Study Data ◽  
Healthy Children ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Increased Risk

AbstractObjectiveTo fully understand the sugar-sweetened beverage (SSB) consumption status among Chinese young children and to explore its association with weight gain.DesignIn this cross-sectional study, data on sociodemographic characteristics, SSB intake and weight/height were collected by means of face-to-face interviews. The intake of SSB among young Chinese children in relation to their age, different characteristics and types of SSB consumed is described, and the association between SSB intake and BMI-for-age Z-score and overweight is explored.SettingSeven large cities and two villages in China.SubjectsNine hundred and forty-six healthy children, aged 3–7 years.ResultsThe proportion of SSB intake among Chinese young children was 80·5 %; 3·4 % were daily consumers, 34·0 % (31·4 %) consumed at least once per week (month). The per capita and per consumer SSB intake was 63·1 9 (sd 100·8) and 78·4 (sd 106·9) ml/d. Children from rural areas consumed twice, or even triple, the amount of SSB as those from urban areas (P<0·001) and great disparities existed between the types of SSB consumed by urban and rural children. An association was found between increased SSB intake and higher BMI-for-age Z-score (P<0·05) after adjusting for potential confounders; there was also an association between SSB intake and increased risk of being overweight or obese.ConclusionsThe consumption status of SSB in Chinese young children is of concern. There was a positive association between SSB intake and weight gain. Measures should be taken to improve the present situation of SSB consumption among Chinese young children.

scholarly journals Comparative evaluation of serum calcitonin gene related peptide level in patients with migraine headache with and without aura

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mostafa Rezaee ◽  
Nahid Ashja zadeh ◽  
Sadegh Izedi ◽  
Farinaz Fakhri
Keyword(s):  
Correlation Coefficient ◽  
Rank Correlation ◽  
Calcitonin Gene Related Peptide ◽  
Clinical Findings ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Serum Calcitonin ◽  
Related Peptide ◽  
Spearman’S Rank Correlation ◽  
Calcitonin Gene

Abstract Background During a migraine attack, trigeminal activation results in the release of calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP), which stimulates the release of inflammatory cytokines playing an important role in migraine. We analyze the serum level of CGRP between two groups of migrainous patients (with aura and without aura) Materials and Methods Thirty six migraine patients (included 18 patients with aura and 18 without aura) additionally 18 healthy volunteers consisted control group were selected from the clinic of Neurology, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran, between March 2020 and November 2020. The CGRP level were determined from the sera of patients with migraine and control subjects by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kits. Spearman's rank correlation coefficient was also determined to calculate the correlation between CGRP and clinical findings. Results The level of CGRP in groups were significantly different between groups (P = 0.00). Also, the level of CGRP in aura group were significantly higher than non-aura group (P = 0.045). The Spearman’s correlation coefficient revealed a positive and significant correlation between the CGRP concentration and age (p = 0.042, r = 0.172), BMI (p = 0.013, r = 0.08), VAS (P = 0.006 ,r = 0.09), frequency of attacks (p = 0.005, r = 0.9), duration of each attack (p = 0.016, r = 0.23), Migraine Disability Assessment Scale.(p = 0.00, r = 0.785), average of number of Medication (p = 0.00, r = 0.694). However, no significant correlation was observed with gender. (P > 0.05 ) Conclusions In our study, we found migraine patients had a higher CGRP level than healthy controls and the level of CGRP was related significantly with the duration, BMI, frequency of headache, age, number of headaches per day. In conclusion, our results confirmed that CGRP may be involved in the pathogenesis of migraine attacks and related with the multiple clinical characteristics.

scholarly journals Oral health in children with hearing and speech impairment in Banjaluka

2013 ◽  
Vol 60 (3) ◽  
pp. 139-146
Author(s):  
Aleksandra Djeri ◽  
Irena Kuzmanovic-Radman ◽  
Milkica Grabez ◽  
Zorislava Bajic ◽  
Alma Prtina ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oral Health ◽  
Dental Caries ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
World Health ◽  
Healthy Children ◽  
Speech Impairment ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Dmft Index

Introduction. Children with hearing impairment do not understand speech without specific instructions and cannot meet daily life requirements. Children with hearing and speech impairment have higher DMFT index and poorer oral hygiene than healthy children of the same age. The aim of this study was to determine oral health status and the prevalence of dental caries in children attending The Center for Education and Rehabilitation of Speech and Hearing in Banjaluka. Material and Methods. The study was conducted as a cross-sectional study and it included 66 children of both genders, age 3 to 18 years, with deciduous, mixed and permanent dentition. General information about the respondents, their socioeconomic status, dental hygiene habits and frequency of dental visits were obtained using a questionnaire. Dental examination was performed using a dental mirror, regular and proximal probe on the daylight, in accordance with World Health Organization guidelines. Oral examination included: number of present teeth, presence of caries, restorations, number of extracted teeth. These data was entered in each patient?s dental record. The DMFT index was used for the assessment of dental status. Results. Results showed that the mean DMFT value in the total sample was 7.79. There was no significant difference in the DMFT index between genders (p=0.19). The significant difference was not found between children who live with parents and those who live in foster families (p=0.15). It was observed that the respondents from rural areas had higher DMFT index (8.68) than respondents from urban areas (5.83). The DMFT index increased with age and school age (p<0.001). Examined patients were most affected with dental caries (6.62%) and least affected with extracted teeth (0.38%). It was revealed that 6% of respondents do not brush their teeth, and 25.8% of respondents had never visited dentist. Conclusion. Children with hearing and speech impairment from Banjaluka have low level of oral health. The DMFT index, as one of the most important parameters of oral health in these children was much higher compared to European countries and other countries in the region.

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