scholarly journals Political Principles of the Cuban Socialism Doctrine: Towards the History of Emergence and Development

Lex Russica ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 122-133
Author(s):  
A. L. Sergeev
Keyword(s):  
21St Century ◽  
Theory And Practice ◽  
Spanish Colonial ◽  
Foundations Of Education ◽  
The North ◽  
History Of ◽  
Peasant Community ◽  
The Cold War ◽  
Political Principles

Socialism as a political trend and a system of certain ideological positions has been experiencing a kind of renaissance in recent years. Cuban socialism is a special phenomenon of recent history, which has continuously existed and developed for six decades in the most difficult conditions of the North American foreign economic blockade and in the presence of other threats of a socio-political nature. Solving numerous issues of practical and transformative activity, the Cuban socialist doctrine generalized and formulated many new theoretical propositions, a number of which will be able to significantly influence the formation of an updated socialist doctrine claiming the ideological and semantic possibility of a world alternative.The paper analyzes the basic principles characterizing the doctrine of Cuban socialism in matters of ethics, relations with the church, the foundations of education, assessing the prospects of the institution of statehood in the 21st century, and evaluating other political projects that had points of joint intersection with Cuban socialist theory and practice.Cuban socialism is a specific phenomenon that arose as a result of a number of objective and subjective factors. By the end of the 1950s the century-and-a-half struggle of Cubans against colonial and then neocolonial exploitation were intensified by the Soviet vector and its influence in the international arena as the second great power with the aggravation of the Cold War. These factors together with the “island life” on a par with the Catholic, peasant community of the majority of the population, the sacrifice and service of several generations of the young Cuban elite, the combination of the cult of courage and guerrilla traditions with the special cruelty and repressiveness of the Spanish colonial apparatus of the 21st century, and then relying on American support of the Cuban dictatorships of the first half of the 20th century is a set of factors that gave rise to the “spring effect” in the social consciousness of the island society. In addition to objectively determined reasons, a huge role in the long-term maturation of the conditions for the emergence of the Cuban socialist project was played by the traditional personality for the Ibero-American culture. All of the above would have been impossible outside of the long-term activities of a whole galaxy of brilliant Cuban political leaders.

International processes in Latin America: the legacy of the Comintern and new challenges

2021 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
pp. 106-125
Author(s):  
Anton Andreev ◽  
◽  
Daria Pravdiuk
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Policy ◽  
Latin America ◽  
21St Century ◽  
Theory And Practice ◽  
The Political ◽  
The Third ◽  
Archival Documents ◽  
History Of ◽  
New Challenges ◽  
The Impact

The activities of the Third (Communist) International left a noticeable mark on the political history of Latin America. His ideological, organizational legacy remains a factor in shaping the theory and practice of contemporary leftist governments in the region. This article examines the impact of the legacy of the Comintern on international processes in Latin America, the development of integration projects, foreign policy projects of the left forces of the region. On the basis of archival documents, media materials, documents of parties and governments, the authors show which of the foreign policy guidelines of the Comintern are relevant for the region in the 21st century.

The history and future of the North Sea benthos

1978 ◽  
Vol 76 (1-3) ◽  
pp. 193-200
Author(s):  
P. E. P. Norton
Keyword(s):  
North Sea ◽  
Bottom Type ◽  
The North ◽  
Late Tertiary ◽  
Long Term Changes ◽  
History Of ◽  
The North Sea ◽  
Temperature Depth

SynopsisThis is a brief review intended to supply bases for prediction of future changes in the North Sea Benthos. It surveys long-term changes which are affecting the benthos. Any prediction must take into account change in temperature, depth, bottom type, tidal patterns, current patterns and zoogeography of the sea and the history of these is briefly touched on from late Tertiary times up to the present. From a prediction of changes in the benthos, certain information concerning the pelagic and planktonic biota could also be derived.

The new politics of voting alignments in the United Nations General Assembly

1996 ◽  
Vol 50 (4) ◽  
pp. 629-652 ◽  
Author(s):  
Soo Yeon Kim ◽  
Bruce Russett
Keyword(s):  
Cold War ◽  
The United States ◽  
General Assembly ◽  
Post Cold War ◽  
New Politics ◽  
The North ◽  
United Nations General ◽  
Good Set ◽  
The Cold War

Voting patterns in the United National General Assembly provide an exceptionally good set of evidence for observing issues and alignments of states in international politics. We analyze those patterns in three post-cold war sessions of the General Assembly and compare them with the alignments and issues that characterized sessions during the cold war. We find new groups and alignments (with most of Eastern Europe now voting with rather than against West European positions) and a new prominence of long-term North-South issues as they now relate to questions of redefining “human security” in the post-cold war world. The predominant General Assembly division is between richer and poorer nations. Key correlates of voting with the North are wealth, democracy, and proportionately low levels of trade with the United States.

Long Term Changes in Abundance of Eggs of the Cornish Pilchard (Sardina Pilchardus Walbaum) Off Plymouth

1974 ◽  
Vol 54 (3) ◽  
pp. 641-649 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. J. Southward
Keyword(s):  
Small Scale ◽  
Personal Communications ◽  
North West ◽  
The North ◽  
History Of ◽  
Inshore Waters ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
Hearsay Evidence ◽  
The Relationship

The inshore fishery for the pilchard in Cornish waters has existed for several hundred years, and such records as are available concerning fluctuation in catches and market conditions have been reviewed by Couch (1865), Cushing (1957) and Culley (1971). Although pilchard have been landed from Lyme Bay, from the eastern half of the Channel, and from the southern North Sea (Couch, 1865; Furnestin, 1945; Cushing, 1957; personal communications G. T. Boalch) the catches have usually been incidental to other fisheries and more sporadic than in Cornish waters. Traditionally there are three areas fished for the Cornish pilchard: on the north-west coast around St Ives; in Mounts Bay and towards the Scillies; and between the Lizard Pt and Bolt Tail in Devon (Couch, 1865; Culley, 1971). The latter region, constituting the inshore waters of south-east Cornwall and south Devon, effectively forms the eastern limits of the regular occurrence of commercial shoals. Knowledge of the breeding and life-history of the fish in this region has always been scarce and subject to much hearsay evidence (reviewed in Southward, 1963). Up to quite recently it was thought that the main spawning area lay well to the west of the entrance to the Channel, and it was not until the investigations reported by Corbin (1947,195°) a nd Cushing (1957)tnat it was conclusively shown that extensive spawning can occur within the English Channel from May to October. The relationship of the spawning in the western Channel to the other areas of spawning off the entrance to the Channel and in the northern Bay of Biscay is illustrated in a recent series of reports (Arbault & Boutin, 1968; Arbault & Lacroix-Boutin, 1969; Arbault & Lacroix, 1971; Wallace, P. D. & Pleasants, C. A., duplicated ICES meeting paper CM 1972/J: 8), and is further demonstrated by Demir & Southward (1974) in discussing the results of a study of small scale seasonal changes in spawning intensity in inshore waters.

Introduction

2013 ◽  
Vol 40 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 1-35 ◽  
Author(s):  
Constantin Iordachi ◽  
Péter Apor
Keyword(s):  
Eastern Europe ◽  
Academic Exchange ◽  
Research Perspectives ◽  
Interdisciplinary Approaches ◽  
History Of ◽  
Potential Impact ◽  
Long Term Impact ◽  
Historical Discourses ◽  
The Cold War

The downfall of the communist system and the end of the Cold War, the liberalization of historical discourses in Central and Eastern Europe, the opening up of new archival collections for scientific research, the intensification of academic exchange and interaction between local and foreign scholars, and the increasing globalization of the world have challenged scholars to experiment with new transnational approaches to the study of communist regimes, such as shared/entangled history, history of transfers, and histoire croisée. Against this background, the current thematic issue aims to evaluate the potential impact of transnational approaches on the field of communist studies, within the broader frameworks of European and world history. In this introduction, we provide a reappraisal of the history, legacy, and prospects of comparative communist studies, highlighting the potential heuristic advantages posed by the applications of new approaches to the “cross-history” of communist regimes. We argue that transnational research perspectives can fertilize communist studies, leading not only to novel insights but to the transformation of the field itself, by setting it on new foundations. By employing transnational perspectives, scholars are able to challenge the traditional understanding of communist regimes as quasi-isolated national entities, highlighting instead the long-term impact of cross-border linkages and transfers on sociopolitical developments within the Soviet camp. It is our conviction that the entangled history of communist dictatorships in Eastern Europe can function as a laboratory for experimenting with new transnational perspectives, leading to innovative interdisciplinary approaches in a joint effort of scholars from various disciplines and historiographical traditions.

scholarly journals Southern Teachers Working in Canada’s North: The Need for a Relevant Curriculum

2009 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 243-254
Author(s):  
Morgan Douglas
Keyword(s):  
Program Development ◽  
21St Century ◽  
Educational Experiences ◽  
Teacher Orientation ◽  
The North ◽  
Great Transition ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Impact

Great transition is happening in education in the north for Inuit students, in both program development and teacher orientation for southern, non-Inuit teachers. This article looks at a brief history of the north, the impact of southern intrusion, and how changes taking place today in both curriculum and development will bring about stronger educational experiences for Inuit students in the 21st century.

scholarly journals HOKKAIDO UNIVERSITY: AMBITIONS AND GOALS

2021 ◽  
pp. 118-124
Author(s):  
V.S. Akimova ◽  
◽  
S.S. Atlasova ◽  
K.E. Ershova
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
21St Century ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Higher Education System ◽  
Diffi Cult ◽  
The World ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Government ◽  
The University

Japan is a developing country but is getting diffi cult to hold in leadership 21st century. The domestic lack of raw materials fosters the government to count on competitive power of science and the higher education system. Japanese system of higher education must become demanded in the world. The history of Hokkaido University, the oldest institution in the country and is being modernized at present, is reviewed. It is noted that various mid-term and long-term measures have been developed and implemented. The university partakes in diff erent activities to raise the university international rating.

A CASTLE IN A STATE OF LONG-TERM RUIN AND MEASURES AIMED AT ITS PRESERVATION

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Gavryliv К.-T. ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Heritage ◽  
Entire Range ◽  
State Building ◽  
The State ◽  
Theory And Practice ◽  
Sufficient Information ◽  
History Of ◽  
Building Standards ◽  
Conservation Method

In the article, the definitions “castle in a state of long-term ruin” and “architectural revitalization” are given. A list of measures aimed at preserving architectural monuments from the standpoint of their application on castles in a state of long-term ruin is considered. The definitions characterizing permissible activities on architectural monuments specified in the Law of Ukraine “On the Protection of Cultural Heritage” and restoration State Building Standards, however, in theory and practice, much more concepts are used, since the regulated terms do not cover the entire range of possibilities for the preservation and development of architectural monuments. In their works, M. Bevz, A. Rybchynskyi, O. Plamenytska, P. Molski highlight measures for the preservation of architectural monuments. Analyzing the history of the founding of defensive castles, their further restructuring and decline, we form a definition: a castle in a state of long-term ruin is a castle, as a result of destruction during a siege or loss of its defensive functions in the 16th-17th centuries was abandoned without acquiring new owners fell and came to the state of ruin that we can observe today. Looking at conservation measures using the example of castles in a state of long-term ruin, we state the following positions: The conservation method is the main point for keeping castles in a state of long-term ruin. The restoration can only be applied fragmentarily, since a holistic restoration is akin to restoration, which is an unacceptable step, given the lack of sufficient information about the original appearance of the structure. Museumification is excellent, as a method of bringing a castle in ruins to a state suitable for an excursion visit, as well as designation, as a subspecies of museumification, accompanied by both information stands and tracing of foundations reveals the planning structure of the monument. Revitalization measures aimed at revitalizing the degraded space, and renovations, which give an authentic building a touch of novelty and emphasize the period of intervention in the monument are also important. In general, the idea of preserving the castle in a state of long-term ruin should be based on three main positions such as conservation, fragmentary restoration and revitalization, that is, preserving the authentic component and returning life to the object.

Long-Term Interactions between Society and Ecology

2021 ◽  
pp. 107-148
Author(s):  
Tyler Franconi ◽  
Chris Gosden
Keyword(s):  
Soil Erosion ◽  
River Basins ◽  
Roman Period ◽  
The South ◽  
The North ◽  
Forested Landscapes ◽  
History Of ◽  
Human Use

The clearance history of England is reviewed looking first at what can be reconstructed of the patterns of forest and clearance across the country. A broad distinction is seen between more forested landscapes in the north and west, with greater clearance in the south and east. The forests of the north may have seen managed grazing, rather than being wild wood. From the start of the Roman period, the north was cleared as well, creating greater similarity across the country as a whole. We also look at the history of soil erosion, which is linked to clearance. We end by comparing two river basins—the Thames and the Eden—which have contrasting ecologies, topologies, and histories of human use.

History of Dlonguébougou and the wider region

2020 ◽  
pp. 29-49
Author(s):  
Camilla Toulmin
Keyword(s):  
Political Systems ◽  
Military Recruitment ◽  
The North ◽  
Political Events ◽  
History Of ◽  
Forced Labour ◽  
Village Life ◽  
And Control ◽  
The Village

Chapter 2 sets the village of Dlonguébougou within its wider region. Long-term shifts in rainfall have shaped the landscape and societies, from prehistory through to the emergence of the Ghana, Mali, and Songhai Empires, relying on trans-Saharan trade in gold, salt, and slaves. The Bambara kingdom of Ségou used warfare to exact tribute and control trade, but by the time of the French conquest, much of the region had been taken under the jihadist rule of El Hajj Oumar Tall. The colonial administration had profound, long-lasting impacts on village life, taxation, forced labour, military recruitment, and legal and political systems. Economic and political events since Independence in 1960 are described, including the growing conflict in the north and centre of the country, sparked by demands for Tuareg autonomy, but now spread into widespread instability.

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