scholarly journals Legal Status of Academic Researchers in Russia and Foreign Countries

2019 ◽  
pp. 67-76
Author(s):  
N. V. Chernykh
Keyword(s):  
Vocational Education ◽  
Legal Status ◽  
Educational Institutions ◽  
Professional Standard ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Employment Contracts ◽  
Foreign Countries ◽  
Academic Researchers ◽  
The Status ◽  
Uniform Nomenclature

The article deals with the legal status of researchers in Russia and some foreign countries, classifies categories of researchers in Russia and highlights the main aspects of their legal status, identifies some problems of their legal status associated with short-term employment contracts. The author analyses the legislation covering each category of researchers on the basis of the division of the categories of researchers proposed by the author and the problems associated with unreasonable differentiation in the status of researchers. Special attention is paid to scientific workers working in educational institutions of higher and additional vocational education due to additional rights and duties, as well as in connection with the qualification requirements specified in the Professional Standard. Also, the paper highlights the problems of terminological nature, for elimination of which the author proposes to approve a uniform nomenclature of positions of researchers. The article critically evaluates the practice of transition to the conclusion of short-term employment contracts with researchers, analyzes the phenomenon of conclusion of fixed-term employment contracts in foreign countries.

The status and needs of vocational education in Zachodniopomorskie voivodship

2017 ◽  
Vol 62 (4) ◽  
pp. 49-67
Author(s):  
Beata Bieszk-Stolorz ◽  
Anna Gdakowicz ◽  
Iwona Markowicz
Keyword(s):  
Vocational Education ◽  
Telephone Interview ◽  
Survey Method ◽  
Educational Institutions ◽  
Computer Assisted ◽  
Computer Assisted Telephone Interview ◽  
Research Project ◽  
Post Secondary ◽  
Technical Schools ◽  
The Status

The article aims at presenting the educational offer and the needs of vocational education institutions in Zachodniopomorskie voivodship. The survey within the framework of the research project Diagnosis of the offer and needs of educational institutions in Zachodniopomorskie voivodship in the area of vocational education, was conducted in 2014 in cooperation with the Voivodship Labour Office in Szczecin. The study was performed with diagnostic survey method using PAPI (traditional interview) and CATI (computer assisted telephone interview) techniques. The survey covered basic vocational and technical schools, institutions preparing for work, specialised secondary and post-secondary schools as well as universities. The respondents answered 24 questions concerning the potential of vocational education, its didactic needs and infrastructure, as well as cooperation with employers in Zachodniopomorskie voivodship. The results of the survey showed, i.a. that the institutions of vocational education in Zachodniopomorskie are underfunded.

scholarly journals The place and role of official observers from foreign states and international organizations in elections: the experience of Ukraine and foreign countries

2021 ◽  
pp. 70-82
Author(s):  
O.V. Martselyak ◽  
M.O. Martselyak
Keyword(s):  
International Organizations ◽  
Legal Status ◽  
Legal Regulation ◽  
Electoral Process ◽  
Public Authorities ◽  
Foreign Countries ◽  
Election Process ◽  
Election Monitoring ◽  
The Status ◽  
State And Local

The article states that formation of representative state and local self-governmental authorities is an important stage of state formation. And the legitimacy of both their conduct and the representative public authorities in Ukraine depends on the extent to which it will be carried out within the framework of the election legislation and the extent to which the domestic legislator will provide anti-fraud factors and safeguards against mass violations of various elections.             National and foreign practice proves that the institution of election monitoring that is represented by various observers who contribute to the conduct of election campaigns on a democratic basis in accordance with the electoral standards developed by the international community, is rather effective in this respect.             In Ukraine, the status of official observers is granted to: 1) official observers from candidates, parties (organizations of parties) - subjects of the election process, 2) official observers from public organizations which are duly authorized to have official observers in the relevant elections, 3) official observers from foreign states and international organizations who can observe the election process.             The Electoral Code of Ukraine defines the status of official observers differently, in particular, official observers from foreign states and international organizations are not recognized as subjects of the election process. However, this does not diminish their role in monitoring the electoral process in Ukraine by the legality of the actions of its subjects. The introduction of the institution of official observers from foreign states and international organizations is seen as expression of trust between states and as evidence of the intention of these countries and international organizations to contribute to the democratization of the electoral process in the world.              The paper reveals the legal nature of official observers from foreign states and international organizations, highlights the standards of legal status of official observers from foreign states and international organizations developed by international organizations, considers national and foreign experience of legal regulation of their status and substantiates provisions on necessity for improvement of national electoral legislation on this basis.

scholarly journals Current problems of constitutional regulation of the status of local communities in Ukraine in the context of international experience

2016 ◽  
Vol 4 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 5-16
Author(s):  
О. В. Батанов ◽  
В. В. Кравченко
Keyword(s):  
Local Government ◽  
Local Governments ◽  
Legal Status ◽  
Resource Base ◽  
Current State ◽  
Foreign Countries ◽  
Municipal Management ◽  
The Status ◽  
Territorial Organization ◽  
Conceptual Problems

In the article, taking into account foreign experience of development of modern systems of municipal management and practice application of the provisions of new legislation on decentralization highlights the conceptual problems of reforming local government and territorial organization of power in modern Ukraine. Describes the char-acteristics of the legal status of the territorial community as the primary subject of the municipal authorities in Ukraine and foreign countries. Analyzed the current state of the legal status of the territorial community, the basic of the modern constitutional project initiatives in part on local self-government in Ukraine from the position of the principles of classical muncipalism. We separately consider the possible risks with the possibility of introduction in Ukraine of Institute of the prefects and new mechanism of control over activity of local governments, draws attention to the shortcomings of legal support of process of formation of territorial basis of local government - the creation of local com-munities who owned the resource base necessary to ensure compliance with the tasks and powers transferred to local government during the decentralization. Proposed separateproposals to prevent possible conflicts of laws and organizational conflicts that can arise in the application of the provisions of the law of Ukraine «On Association of territorial communities».

scholarly journals Requirements for the Modernization of General Vocational Education Programs (GVEP) for Teachers’ Training in Accordance with the Professional Standard of the Teacher: Proposals for the Implementation of the Activity Approach in Teachers’ Training

2014 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 1-18 ◽  
Author(s):  
A.A. Margolis
Keyword(s):  
Vocational Education ◽  
Professional Practice ◽  
Training Programs ◽  
Educational Institutions ◽  
Practical Training ◽  
Professional Standard ◽  
Future Teachers ◽  
Research Competencies ◽  
Education School ◽  
Teachers Training

The article discusses the problem of modernization of teachers’ training programs in the context of bringing them into line with the requirements of the professional standard of the teacher. The author distinguishes two basic tasks of professionalization of pedagogical programs aimed at achieving this goal: to strengthen the practical training of future teachers on the basis of the networking of educational institutions of general and higher education (school and university partnership), and to develop research competencies of future teachers, providing them the opportunity to carry out professional development (restructuring of their professional actions) on the basis of a mini-research embedded in professional practice and reflection of their bases. The author substantiates the basic positions of the activity approach in preparing teachers and shows the place of this approach in the context of modern practitioner-researcher and reflective teacher approaches. The article defines the basic requirements for the development of vocational education teachers’ training programs developed by the author on the basis of the activity approach in the context of tasks and professionalization of such programs, in accordance with the requirements of the professional standard of the teacher.

Beyond Crisis Management: Governments, Academics, and Strategic Thinking about the Arab Uprisings

2015 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 101-119
Author(s):  
Jane Kinninmont
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Status Quo ◽  
Strategic Thinking ◽  
Policy Agenda ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Arab Uprisings ◽  
Academic Researchers ◽  
The Status ◽  
New Thinking ◽  
Analytical Frameworks

The Arab uprisings prompted the promise of a grand rethink of Western policy towards the region, but four years on there is still a lack of new thinking about new Western strategic approaches to the region, as policymakers have been stretched by the need for immediate, emergency responses to the subsequent series of interconnected crises. This paper lays out some of the differences and overlaps between academic researchers and government policymakers in terms of their interests and approaches. It goes on to identify some of the research that helped to explain – and sometimes presage – the uprisings, and the gaps that became evident in policy analysis. It considers how research interactions have changed as a result, but also how changes to policymakers’ research approaches or analytical frameworks have been limited, as policymakers have been preoccupied with short-term responses to pressing conflicts and crises. Given the different timescales that governments and academic researchers work to, much of the research on the Arab uprisings is only being published now, at a time when the policy agenda has largely moved on to counterterrorism and stabilisation. Yet it remains vitally important to understand the causes of the 2011 unrest, especially as many of the same grievances persist and continue to drive challenges to the status quo, even if these now take different forms to the large-scale, coalition-based and largely peaceful mass protests seen in 2011.

scholarly journals Regional Aspects of the Transformation of the Institution of Vocational Education

2019 ◽  
pp. 54-60
Author(s):  
Guzel Biglova
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Secondary Education ◽  
Vocational Education ◽  
State Regulation ◽  
Educational Institutions ◽  
Teaching Staff ◽  
Social Infrastructure ◽  
Structural Element ◽  
The Status ◽  
Systemic Nature

Modern Russian system of vocational education has the following levels of state regulation: institutions of higher education – on the Federal level (licensing and accreditation); institutions of secondary education – on the regional level (regional ministries and departments). Consequently, a region can have significant impact only on the training of mid-level specialists. According to the author, it leads to a bias in regulating the regional economy development. To assess this aspect, the author introduces the denationalization index as an indicator of the transformation of the vocational education system in regions, which resulted in the significant spread in the system of secondary education and very insignificant spread – in the system of higher education. The author also finds that the demand for services of private educational institutions is falling greatly in the field of higher education, and growing in the field of secondary education; over the past 10–12 years a greater confidence in public educational institutions in the field of higher education has been formed regardless to the form and tuition fees; at the institutional level, the ownership structure has been established, and existing relations between university administrations, teaching staff and main consumers of services (individuals) have gained a more expressed systemic nature. The researcher also concludes that there is a significant potential for the devaluation of vocational education. According to the author, the formation of the status of educational institutions as independent subjects in the market economy represents not so much a social infrastructure element as a structural element of the regional economic system resulting in the problem exacerbation associated with the imbalance in the level of development of human capital and technology in regions.

scholarly journals SOCIAL AND LEGAL STATUS OF THE RUSSIAN TEACHER IN THE MIDDLE OF THE XIX CENTURY

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 5-15
Author(s):  
Alevtina P. Zykina
Keyword(s):  
School System ◽  
Legal Status ◽  
System Development ◽  
Comparative Method ◽  
Educational Institutions ◽  
Professional Activity ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Status ◽  
The Russian Empire ◽  
Xix Century

The topics that are devoted to the social and legal status of the teacher at different stages in the historical development of the national school are the ones that are little-studied in Russian historiography. The purpose of this article is to analyze the main aspects of the Russian teacher’s position in the society by the end of the reign of Emperor Nicholas I, by the middle of the XIX century. To date, there are no special scientific papers devoted to this topic. Different methods of historical science were used in this study. For example, the historical method (for studying the facts and phenomena in the dynamics of their development), the historical-comparative method (for analyzing and systematizing the factual material to identify the general and differences in the status of teachers in different regions of the country and different types of educational institutions), etc. The paper characterizes the main requirements for the professional activity of teachers in accordance with the normative legal documents. It provides information about their educational level and job responsibilities as well. The social origin of teachers and the conditions of their professional activity are analyzed. A distinctive feature of the school system development in the Russian Empire at this stage was a rapid increase in the number of primary and secondary educational institutions. At the same time, the number of students in them increased as well. However, there were not enough teachers in the country for a number of objective reasons. The article also discusses these reasons. The results of studying the historical experience in implementing reforms and transformations in the field of school education can be used in modern conditions in the development of approaches and methods for solving specific problems in this area. The study performed is not exhaustive. It is necessary to continue studying the issue of the teacher’s position in the society on the example of teachers of provincial schools, working conditions in national regions, etc. The study suggests that by the middle of the XIX century, the number of teachers in Russia significantly increased. This happened against the background of the school system expansion. Therefore, there was still a shortage of teachers. The status of teachers in the country was not the same. The status of a gymnasium teacher was much higher than that of his colleague, who worked in an uyezd school and even more so in a rural parish school.

scholarly journals Mediation in the criminal process of Ukraine: prospects for legislation

2020 ◽  
pp. 117-121
Author(s):  
O.M. Sadruk ◽  
O.I. Tyshchenko
Keyword(s):  
Legal Status ◽  
Mediation Process ◽  
Scientific Article ◽  
Criminal Proceedings ◽  
Basic Principles ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Procedure Code ◽  
Foreign Countries ◽  
The Status ◽  
Moral Damage

The scientific article is devoted to the analysis of the mediation process as an attempt to reach a voluntary understanding (reconciliation) between the victim and the offender to compensate for material and moral damage through impartial, prepared for resolution of the conflict between the person and the mediator. The paper examines the concept of "mediation", the need for its introduction in national legislation, as well as the advantages and disadvantages of this procedure, which are observed in the experience of foreign countries. The international legal acts containing norms on mediation, the current criminal procedural legislation of Ukraine, the draft law "On mediation" are analyzed. The views of scholars and judges on the feasibility of legislative regulation of mediation in Ukraine have been studied. The norms of the Criminal Procedure Code regarding the conciliation agreement are analyzed and certain changes to the mentioned provisions are proposed, in particular, the separation of such a subject of conflict resolution as a mediator. Conclusions and proposals aimed at improving criminal procedural legislation have been formulated. Attention is drawn to the fact that the basic principles of mediation, the scope of its application, the range of criminal proceedings in which mediation is possible, the requirements for mediators and the conditions for acquiring the status of a mediator, the legal status of a mediator are required. Moreover, they proposed their own views on enshrining certain provisions related to mediation in the legislation for the effective operation of the mediation institution. Because it is no coincidence that mediation as an alternative way of resolving disputes is developed in international practice and it is justified that the European community pays considerable attention to mediation as an alternative way of resolving disputes in various spheres of society.

scholarly journals Federal Territories in the Russian Federation in the Constitutional Reform Conditions

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
pp. 69-73
Author(s):  
Sofia A. Danilova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Russian Federation ◽  
Legal Status ◽  
Legal Regulation ◽  
The State ◽  
Constitutional Reform ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Foreign Countries ◽  
The Status ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
Federal Administration

The article presents an analysis of the institution of federal territories, the problems associated with their creation and functioning on the territory of the state, the advantages and disadvantages of the institution, the legal status of the territories currently under federal administration is considered in order to resolve the issue of expediency giving them the status of federal territories, and also studied the experience of foreign countries in the legal regulation of this issue

Urgensi Ilmu Kedokteran Islam dengan Hukum Islam (Studi Identifikasi Deoxrybo Nucleic Acid (DNA) terhadap Sepersusuan)

2018 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 133-146
Author(s):  
Li’izza Diana Manzil
Keyword(s):  
Nucleic Acid ◽  
Breast Milk ◽  
Legal Status ◽  
Islamic Law ◽  
Medical Science ◽  
Dna Identification ◽  
Islamic Medicine ◽  
Parents And Children ◽  
The Status ◽  
Brothers And Sisters

One sign of the rapidly growing world of medical science is its success in making one discovery about Deoxrybo Nucleid Acid (DNA). Islam does not prohibit the practice of DNA identification because it can be used in determining the legal status of relative relationships and related marital prohibitions among families because of the similarity of DNA genes between parents and their children. In Islam marriage prohibition can also occur between brothers and sisters. DNA identification can be done between siblings as a result of the presence of gene elements in breast milk. In addition, breast milk can also develop bone and grow meat if breastfeeding at least five times suction. But the results of DNA tests conducted between siblings cannot be more accurate if done to find relationships of parents and children. From this it clearly proves that Islamic medicine has an urgent value to Islamic law. This can be seen from one of its axiology in determining the status of brotherhood.

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