scholarly journals Abuso de direitos fundamentais na teoria estruturante do direito: a partir do "caso do pintor no cruzamento"

Author(s):  
Fabio Carvalho de Alvarenga Peixoto

A pesquisa trata da adequação da noção de abuso de direitos fundamentais à teoria estruturante do direito, de Friedrich Müller. Muito embora tanto a teoria interna, de Müller, como a teoria externa, de Robert Alexy, rejeitem a noção de abuso de direitos fundamentais – indicando que não há espaço para ela, na dogmática dos direitos fundamentais –, essa encontra-se expressa no texto da Constituição brasileira e foi adotada pelo Supremo Tribunal Federal. Investigam-se, com abordagem qualitativa bibliográfica e documental, os fundamentos específicos da aversão da noção pela teoria estruturante, dita interna. Parte-se da crítica dirigida por Alexy à dogmática do âmbito da liberdade de arte enunciada por Müller, em especial à solução dada no caso do pintor no cruzamento; analisa-se a crítica dirigida por Müller à concepção de abuso de direitos fundamentais de Hans-Ulrich Gallwas; testa-se a hipótese de abertura dogmática da teoria estruturante a concepção de abuso de direitos fundamentais distinta. Conclui-se que a rejeição da noção pela teoria estruturante somente se refere à concepção de Gallwas; e que o abuso de direitos fundamentais, entendido como incongruência entre uma aparência de direito decorrente da interpretação de textos jurídicos e o conteúdo real do direito, não é aprioristicamente incompatível com a teoria estruturante.(The research deals with the adequacy of the notion of abuse of fundamental rights to the Friedrich Müller’s structuring theory of law. Although both Müller's internal theory and Robert Alexy's external theory reject the notion of abuse of fundamental rights - indicating that there is no room for it in the fundamental rights’ dogmatic - it is expressed in the text of Brazilian Constitution and was adopted by the Federal Supreme Court. The specific foundations of the aversion of the notion to the structuring theory, so-called internal, are investigated with a bibliographic and documental qualitative approach. It starts from the criticism directed by Alexy to the dogmatic of the scope of the freedom of art enunciated by Müller, in particular to the solution given in the case of the painter at the crossing; Müller's criticism of Hans-Ulrich Gallwas's conception of abuse of fundamental rights is analyzed; the hypothesis of a dogmatic opening of the structuring theory is tested to a distinct conception of abuse of fundamental rights. It is concluded that the rejection of the notion by the structuring theory only refers to Gallwas's conception; and that the abuse of fundamental rights, understood as incongruity between an appearance of law resulting from the interpretation of legal texts and the actual content of the law, is not a priori incompatible with the structuring theory.)

Author(s):  
Giovanni Biaggini

This chapter considers how constitutional adjudication is conducted in Switzerland. It debunks the notion that the Swiss constitutional system is underdeveloped with regard to constitutional adjudication. The chapter contends that Switzerland has a thoroughly respectable system of constitutional adjudication, albeit with certain idiosyncratic flaws. In particular, this applies to cantonal state authority: the cantons are subject to comprehensive constitutional adjudication. This does not exclude the results of direct democratic decision processes. The Federal Supreme Court (Bundesgericht; Tribunal federal, Tribunale federale) has—and makes use of—the power to review cantonal laws and to revoke them if necessary. Constitutional case law in relation to the cantons is the basis on which the Federal Supreme Court developed an extraordinarily creative jurisprudence in the twentieth century; this jurisprudence has led, inter alia, to the recognition and use of several unwritten federal fundamental rights. In addition, the chapter argues that federal laws have ceased being completely immune against any kind of constitutional review. Finally, Switzerland played an important pioneering role in the development and testing of the public law appeal (Staatsrechtliche Beschwerde).


Percurso ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (29) ◽  
pp. 377
Author(s):  
Sirlene Elias RIBEIRO

RESUMOO presente artigo cuida de uma análise da atuação dos poderes Legislativo Executivo e Judiciário na realização e implementação dos direitos fundamentais previstos na Constituição Federal do Brasil. O Enfoque dado ao trabalho é a análise de considerações e definições doutrinárias acerca do tema proposto, bem como de julgados do Supremo Tribunal Federal, com o objetivo de uma conclusão acerca do crescimento do ativismo judicial e da judicialização das políticas públicas voltadas aos direitos humanos, passando por uma análise da elaboração de legislação simbolicamente e de uma atuação simbólica do Tribunal nas questões de direitos fundamentais. PALAVRAS-CHAVES: Ativismo; Judicialização; Divisão de Poderes; Legislação Simbólica. ABSTRACTThis article analyzes the performance of the Executive and Judiciary Legislative powers in the realization and implementation of fundamental rights foreseen in the Federal Constitution of Brazil. The focus of the work is the analysis of doctrinal considerations and definitions about the proposed theme, as well as of the Brasilian Federal Supreme Court, with the objective of a conclusion about the growth of judicial activism and the judicialization of public policies focused on human rights, through the analysis of the symbolic drafting of legislation and a symbolic role of the Court in matters of fundamental rights. KEYWORDS: Activism; Judicialization; Division of powers; Symbolic Legislation.


1985 ◽  
Vol 19 ◽  
pp. 255-272
Author(s):  
Richard Tur

Given statements like these about current developments in intellectualizing about law in America it is an exciting time to look at American legal philosophy. Given the ferment in the law schools and the volume of literature in the law journals it is also a difficult task confidently to extract the main lines of current thought and adequately to assess the significance of current intellectual movements. American lawyers are inclined to point out that there is no such thing as ‘American law’. Rather, in addition to Federal law and the Supreme Court's jurisdiction there are some fifty jurisdictions each with its own Constitution, Legislature and Supreme Court and consequently diversity rather than uniformity is the rule. Equally, the very idea that there is some single, coherent and widely accepted theory of law deserving description as ‘American legal philosophy’ obviously begs all manner of significant questions.


2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (6) ◽  
pp. 37-49
Author(s):  
Adnan Qadir

The law-making process as a whole vested in the legislative power in the presidential form of government, however in the parliamentary form of government, the executive power participates in the law-making through introducing bills along with legislative initiatives. The Constitution in Iraq grants an original authority to legislate federal laws to the Council of Representatives, however the executive power namely the President and the Council of Ministries participates in the process through introducing government bills to the Council of Representatives. Although the Constitution clearly identifies two methods through which bills shall be presented to the Council of Representatives, there have been disagreements over the constitutionality of laws legislated based legislative initiatives not government bills. The Federal Supreme Court has decided differently on different occasions by depriving the legislative power of its right to initiate in some cases or by putting restrictions in some other cases. This research analyzes the line drawn between the Council of Representatives and the executive power in the process of law-making at its first stage and then examines the Federal Supreme Court’s understanding in the light of the text of the Constitution.


2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (39) ◽  
Author(s):  
José Patriarca Brandão Souza ◽  
Rômulo Guilherme Leitão

  RESUMOO presente artigo trata das questões políticas no âmbito do Supremo Tribunal Federal a partir de uma perspectiva histórica da matéria. Em que pese a tripartição das funções do Estado, algumas razões históricas levaram ao modelo atual de jurisdição constitucional no Brasil, sendo possível identificar que, desde a Primeira República (1889-1930), o Poder Judiciário é provocado a se manifestar acerca dos limites de sua atuação em temas dessa natureza. Com a promulgação da Constituição de 1988, sob o prisma de uma nova democracia, o quadro institucional brasileiro foi substancialmente alterado a partir do novo paradigma constitucional, ao qual foi atribuído um papel estratégico ao Poder Judiciário conferindo-lhe autonomia funcional com o intuito de impedir que o Direito continuasse a ser instrumentalizado. Dois momentos serão analisados neste trabalho: i) os habeas corpus 300 (1892), 1063 (1898), 1073 (1898) e a obra clássica O Direito do Amazonas ao Acre Setentrional (1910); e ii) a atuação do Supremo Tribunal Federal na Ação Direta de Inconstitucionalidade (ADI) 5526 (2016) e nas Ações Cautelares números 4039 (2015), 4070 (4010) e 4327 (2017), que determinaram o afastamento e até prisões de parlamentares federais entre 2015 e 2017. O trabalho busca discutir se o Supremo Tribunal Federal mantém em aberto uma questão constitucional histórica – a delimitação da sua atuação no tema denominado “questões políticas” – ou optou por justificar o avanço nas atribuições privativas do Congresso Nacional a partir de uma perspectiva moralista. PALAVRAS-CHAVEPoder Judiciário. Questões políticas. Ativismo judicial. Democracia. Moralismo. ABSTRACTThis article examine the "Political question doctrine" within the scope of the Supremo Tribunal Federal (Federal Supreme Court) from a historical view of the matter. Despite the tripartite functions of the State, some historical reasons have led to the current model of constitutional jurisdiction in Brazil, and it is possible to identify that, since the First Republic (1889-1930), the Judiciary has been led to express its limits on its nature. With the promulgation of the 1988 Constitution, under the prism of a new democracy, the Brazilian institutional framework was substantially altered from the new constitutional paradigm, which was assigned a strategic role to the Judiciary, granting it functional autonomy in order to prevent that the law continued to be instrumentalized. Two moments will be analyzed in this work: i) habeas corpus 300 (1892), 1063 (1898), 1073 (1898) and the classic work The Law of the Amazon to the Northern Acre (1910); and (ii) the actions of the Federal Supreme Court in the Direct Action of Unconstitutionality (ADI) 5526 (2016) and in the Precautionary Actions number 4039 (2015), 4070 (4010) and 4327 (2017), which determined the removal and even arrests of members of parliament federal courts between 2015 and 2017. The paper seeks to discuss whether the Federal Supreme Court holds open a historical constitutional issue - delimiting its action on the theme called "political issues" - or has chosen to justify the advance in the exclusive attributions of the National Congress from from a moralistic perspective. KEYWORDSJudiciary Branch. Political issues. Judicial activism. Democracy. Moralism.


2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 151
Author(s):  
Sarah Gabay Pereira ◽  
José Claudio Monteiro de Brito Filho

Estudo que pretende analisar, do ponto de vista qualitativo, três decisões do Tribunal Superior do Trabalho (TST) no tocante ao trabalho em condições análogas à de escravo, verificando sua compatibilidade com a posição dominante do Supremo Tribunal Federal (STF) a respeito da temática, além de com decisões do Superior Tribunal de Justiça (STJ). A pesquisa será feita pela análise, como dito, qualitativa de decisões do TST, sendo, por isso, fonte de pesquisa principal a jurisprudência desse tribunal a respeito. Secundariamente, até para o confronto que será realizado, serão utilizadas, ainda, como fontes de pesquisa, a legislação, a doutrina e, especialmente, decisões do STF e do STJ que tratam do trabalho escravo, e que, embora tomadas principalmente em matéria penal, podem ser relacionadas à matéria trabalhista, que é a que motiva as decisões do TST a respeito da temática. Em síntese, o presente texto possui como escopo identificar o entendimento do TST em relação ao trabalho escravo, fazendo, ao final, comparação com o que vem sendo decidido por STF e STJ.  PALAVRAS-CHAVE: Trabalho escravo. Tribunal Superior do Trabalho. Caracterização. “Lista suja”.  Abstract This study intends to analyze, from a qualitative point of view, three decisions of the Superior Labor Court (TST) regarding work in conditions analogous to slavery. The purpose is to verify the compatibility of these decisions with the understanding of the Federal Supreme Court (STF) and the Superior Court of Justice (STJ) on the subject. Secondarily, the law, doctrine and, especially, STF and STJ decisions on the subject will be used as research sources in criminal law, linking the understanding in criminal matters with the understanding of the subject at hand. In summary, the present study has as its scope to comparatively identify the understanding of the decisions of the Superiors Courts regarding issues involving work in conditions analogous to that of slave.  KEYWORDS: Slavery. Superior Labor Court. Description. Employers' Registry. Dirty list.


Author(s):  
Juvêncio Borges Silva ◽  
Fernanda Morato da Silva Pereira

A presente pesquisa analisa a influência política nas decisões do Supremo Tribunal Federal, particularmente o cumprimento da Constituição Federal e seus ideais principiológicos pela Corte Suprema e sua atuação contramajoritária e representativa. Nesse sentido, questiona a interpretação aberta da Constituição no que se refere “poder” ou “dever” conferido ao órgão. Pretende-se elucidar a separação dos poderes e a crise política instalada no país, de maneira a suscitar a judicilialização e o ativismo judicial, este último como instrumento do judiciário para legislar em favor/contra determinada questão política. Orienta-se pelo método hipotético-dedutivo, lastreado em livros, artigos científicos e publicações em sites institucionais, referenciada pela teoria sistêmica de Niklas Luhmann. Ao cabo, conclui-se que a separação dos poderes, a observância dos códigos que orientam o direito e a política e o equilíbrio de atuação de cada um são indispensáveis para manutenção da República. O modelo ideal não estará em nenhum dos dois extremos, nenhuma ou total influência política. O direito deve ser autônomo à política, pois essa autonomia é essencial para a subsistência do conceito de Estado de direito e para a confiança da sociedade nas instituições judiciais.   Abstract: This research analyzes the political influence in the decisions of the Federal Supreme Court, particularly, the fulfillment of the Federal Constitution and its ideological ideologies by the Supreme Court and its counter majoritarian and representative action. In this sense, it questions the open interpretation of the Constitution regarding "power" or "duty" conferred on the body. It seeks to elucidate the separation of powers and the political crisis installed in the country, in order to raise judicialization and judicial activism, the latter as an instrument of the judiciary to legislate for / against a particular political issue. It uses the hypothetical-deductive method, backed by books, scientific articles and publications on institutional sites, referenced by the systemic theory of Niklas Luhmann. The study led to the conclusion that the separation of powers, the observance of the codes that guide the law and the policy and the balance of action of each one are indispensable for the maintenance of the Republic. The ideal model will not be at either extreme, no or total political influence. The law must be autonomous to politics, since this autonomy is essential for the survival of the concept of the rule of law and for the trust of society in judicial institutions.


Author(s):  
Maitra Neelanjan

This chapter examines the doctrine of sovereign immunity and the related ‘Sovereign Functions’ doctrine in India. It begins with an overview of the text of Article 300 of the Indian Constitution and proceeds with a brief survey of the case law on sovereign immunity that preceded the adoption of the Constitution. It then revisits some early attempts to revise the law on sovereign immunity in the post-Independence period, before discussing the judicial treatment of sovereign immunity and how the Indian Supreme Court has dealt with the constraints imposed by its own precedents, along with the Court’s difficulties in providing a coherent account of sovereign immunity. In particular, it considers the Supreme Court’s attempt to bypass the constraints that it had placed upon itself through the evolution of new doctrines in fundamental rights cases.


1985 ◽  
Vol 19 ◽  
pp. 255-272
Author(s):  
Richard Tur

Given statements like these about current developments in intellectualizing about law in America it is an exciting time to look at American legal philosophy. Given the ferment in the law schools and the volume of literature in the law journals it is also a difficult task confidently to extract the main lines of current thought and adequately to assess the significance of current intellectual movements. American lawyers are inclined to point out that there is no such thing as ‘American law’. Rather, in addition to Federal law and the Supreme Court's jurisdiction there are some fifty jurisdictions each with its own Constitution, Legislature and Supreme Court and consequently diversity rather than uniformity is the rule. Equally, the very idea that there is some single, coherent and widely accepted theory of law deserving description as ‘American legal philosophy’ obviously begs all manner of significant questions.


1995 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 371-372

AbstractIn a judgment delivered by the Sharjah Civil Court and upheld by the UAE Federal Supreme Court, the Court held that offering and storing counterfeit goods in the UAE is a crime under the Law of Fraud in Commercial Transactions (Law No. 4 of 1979) and that intent to commit the crime is not required to be proved. It is sufficient if counterfeit goods are stocked, referred or exhibited for the crime to be complete. The intention of the accused will not be one of the conditions for the crime to constitute an offence according to the said law.


Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document