Pathophysiological bases of maladjustment formation in high mountains and polar zones

2021 ◽  
Vol 23 (3) ◽  
pp. 215-222
Author(s):  
Aleksey E. Kim ◽  
Evgeniy B. Shustov ◽  
Aleksey V. Lemeshchenko ◽  
Vasily N. Tsygan
Keyword(s):  
Energy Metabolism ◽  
Pulmonary Ventilation ◽  
Venous Pressure ◽  
Free Radical Oxidation ◽  
The Body ◽  
Synergistic Interaction ◽  
High Mountains ◽  
Maximum Probability ◽  
Simultaneous Exposure ◽  
Radical Oxidation

The pathophysiological features of the development of maladjustment under mountain-cold conditions as a manifestation of the syndrome of mutual burdening are considered. In this study, contents of various literary sources, characterizing a persons resistance to the effects of a complex of factors under high mountains and polar zones conditions, were analyzed. With the simultaneous exposure to hypoxia and hypothermia from a pathophysiological point of view, intersecting links of terminological paths, often having diametrically opposite dynamics of changes in the characterized concepts, will be significant. Thus, in the terminological mitochondrial pathway of energy metabolism, uncoupling proteins are present, which, to increase the resistance to hypothermia, should be activated to switch the energy metabolism to predominantly use fatty acids. However, hypoxic conditions should be suppressed to maintain the level of adenosine triphosphate acid available for cells. In the terminological tract of compensatory reactions in response to hypoxemia, the volume of pulmonary ventilation is released, which must increase to improve tolerance to hypoxia, which, under mountain-cold conditions, increased heat loss and promote the deterioration of the condition, i.e., tolerance to low temperatures. Under hypoxic and hypothermic conditions, a synergistic interaction can form, which can be manifested by the development of a syndrome of mutual burdening, which will result in a significant decrease in the functional capabilities of the body, result, and productivity. Maladjustment to mountain cold, with maximum probability, will manifest as disorders of the central nervous system, decreased physical performance, depletion of the functional and regulatory reserves of the body, functional immunodeficiency, decreased regenerative potential, and development of endogenous intoxication. With a high degree of probability, a significant synergistic interaction of hypoxia and hypothermia can be found in relation to the indicators of pulmonary ventilation, blood gases (hypercapnia), acidbase balance (gas alkalosis and lactic acidosis), heart rate (tachycardia), blood pressure (hypotension), central venous pressure (increase), blood viscosity (increase) and its coagulability (hypercoagulation), peroxide and free radical oxidation (activation), and protein catabolism (increase). These changes will negatively affect the functional state of specialists performing complex professional tasks in polar latitudes.

scholarly journals Assessment of the body’s nonspecific defense in workers exposed to noxious factors of chemical and petrochemical industry

2016 ◽  
Vol 97 (5) ◽  
pp. 784-792 ◽  
Author(s):  
R I Sabitova ◽  
E D Kravets ◽  
E F Galiullina ◽  
D F Shakirov ◽  
F Kh Kamilov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Free Radical ◽  
Energy Metabolism ◽  
Petrochemical Industry ◽  
Antioxidant Defense ◽  
Free Radical Oxidation ◽  
The Body ◽  
Experimental Plant ◽  
Electrolyte Metabolism ◽  
Radical Oxidation ◽  
Oxidation Processes

Aim. To study the processes of free-radical oxidation, antioxidant defense, energy metabolism, electrolyte metabolism, and cytokine system reflecting the state of the non-specific defense of the body in workers exposed to complex of toxic substances under the conditions of manufacturing, substantiating the importance of indicators of preclinical diagnosis of disease development risk.Methods. The study included 90 workers of JSC «Experimental Plant Neftekhim», 95 workers of JSC «Kaustic» and 101 workers of JSC «Ufa plant of elastomeric materials, products and structures». Materials for the study were blood, mixed saliva, gingival fluid and urine. The laboratory studies were performed to evaluate the free radical oxidation processes, antioxidant defense, energy metabolism, electrolyte metabolism, and cytokine system. Taking into account the features of industrial factors, particularly their effects on the workers bodies, routes of toxic compounds entry by inhalation, oral cavity and skin of the hands, three professional groups were formed (A, B, C). Group A included employees having constant contact with chlororganic compounds. The group B included persons who have constant contact with the higher and lower aromatic hydrocarbons. A group C consisted of employees who have constant contact with a mixture of chemicals: rubber compound containing carcinogens - benzo(a)pyrene, NDMA, nitrosodiethylamine; white carbon black, rubber dust, talc, amine compounds, sulfur dioxide, carbon monoxide. The control group consisted of employees of administrative and managerial staff.Results. The study revealed that one of the major pathogenetic mechanisms of action of chemical and petrochemical industry hazards is activation of free radical oxidation.Conclusion. Among the mechanisms of the influence of chemical contaminants of working environment a leading role play intensification of free radical oxidation processes, failure and/or inhibition of the antioxidant defense components.

Gender differences in biochemical measurement reflecting the state of free-radical oxidation and antioxidant protection among workers in metallurgical production

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (10) ◽  
pp. 877-881
Author(s):  
I. A. Umnyagina ◽  
L. A. Strakhova ◽  
T. V. Blinova
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Gender Differences ◽  
Free Radical ◽  
Biochemical Parameters ◽  
Free Radical Oxidation ◽  
The Body ◽  
Antioxidant Protection ◽  
Radical Oxidation ◽  
Metallurgical Production ◽  
Production Factors

Introduction. To date, age and sex differences have been established for many biochemical parameters. Gender differences in indicators for systems such as antioxidant, thiol-disulfide, oxidative stress and inflammation systems are absent or under study.The aim of the study was to identify gender differences in biochemical parameters reflecting the functioning of antioxidant systems of the body and free radical oxidation in workers of metallurgical production, in contact with harmful production factors.Materials and methods. The blood of men and women working at the metallurgical enterprise of the Nizhny Novgorod region (n=80) under the influence of a complex of physical and chemical production factors was studied. Total oxidative stress, total antioxidant capacity of serum, glutathione levels were studied by photometric biochemical methods. Levels of C-reactive protein and 8-hydroxy–2-deoxyguanosine were studied by ELISA.Results. The average amount of peroxides in the serum of women exceeded 1.6 times this figure in men. In the group of men, the content of 8-Ondg was higher by 26% (p=0.012), the level of GS-by 12% (p=0.019), the activity of SOD — by 1.5–2 times (p=0.0001), the level of CRP — by 2 times (p=0.008) compared to similar indicators in women.Conclusions. Studies of gender differences in workers under the influence of harmful production factors will allow more effective approach to the etiology, treatment and prognosis of production-related diseases. Indicators of oxidative stress and antioxidant protection can be indicators of the health of workers under the influence of harmful industrial factors and be important in the prevention of diseases associated with oxidative stress.

Assessment of the Biochemical Status of Workers Manufacturing Ethylbenzene and Styrene

2020 ◽  
pp. 40-43
Author(s):  
RR Galimova ◽  
ET Valeeva ◽  
GV Timasheva ◽  
AB Bakirov
Keyword(s):  
Catalase Activity ◽  
Free Radical Oxidation ◽  
The Body ◽  
Atherogenic Index ◽  
Radical Oxidation ◽  
Professional Groups ◽  
Biochemical Status ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Hepatic Protein Synthesis ◽  
Increased Activity

Introduction: Production of ethylbenzene and styrene (EBS) is one of the most important stages in organic synthesis. The products have general toxic, hepatotoxic, irritating and narcotic effects on the human body. Severe exposures to EВS can induce pronounced disorders of the central nervous system such as styrene sickness and encephalopathy and of peripheral blood such as leukopenia and lymphocytosis. Materials and methods: We studied homeostasis indices in 376 workers of the main professional groups engaged in the production of EBS including equipment operators, repairmen, and instrumentation and automation fitters. Results: We established an increase in lipid peroxidation by the level of malondialdehyde amid an increase in catalase activity and a decrease in blood retinol and α-tocopherol levels. We also noted an increased activity of indicator enzymes including ALT, AST, GGT, and alkaline phosphatase. Significant changes in lipid metabolism in the form of cholesterolemia, triglyceridemia, a higher atherogenic index, and lower cholesterol of non-atherogenic blood serum lipids demonstrating atherogenic changes in the body were revealed. Conclusions: The earliest prenosological disorders in the body of the examined workers included an impaired hepatic protein synthesis, the development of cytolysis processes and a change in the integrity and functional activity of the liver cell in individuals, an imbalance in the oxidant-antioxidant system, one of the reasons of which was the adverse occupational exposure to hazardous chemicals. An increase in catalase activity is a protective compensatory reaction during the activation of free radical oxidation processes.

scholarly journals Features of free oxidation in liver homogenates of rats in combined action of copper and subtoxic level of stearate potassium and sodium

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
O. V. Lototska
Keyword(s):  
Free Radical ◽  
Liver Homogenate ◽  
Sodium Stearate ◽  
Free Radical Oxidation ◽  
The Body ◽  
Antioxidant Systems ◽  
Radical Oxidation ◽  
Combined Action ◽  
Liver Homogenates ◽  
Free Oxidation

Toxic effects of heavy metals on animals and humans is aggravating the presence of surfactants. The aim of our research was to identify the peculiarities of free radical oxidation and antioxidant protection in the use of drinking water with subtoxic doses of potassium and sodium stearates in combination with copper on the body of warmblooded animals, such as the liver of experimental rats. Analysis of indicators allows asserting that in experimental rats liver homogenate observed activation of free radical oxidation, the intensity of which depended on the concentration of stearates in water. More pronounced changes were in animals that consumed water with potassium stearate.The action of potassium stearate observed inhibition of antioxidant systems while under the influence of sodium stearate – its activation. Changes in performance were more pronounced in combination stearates with copper.

scholarly journals Association between Malondialdehyde and Glutathione (L-gamma-Glutamyl-Cysteinyl-Glycine/GSH) Levels on Workers Exposed to Benzene in Indonesia

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (7) ◽  
pp. 1198-1202 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abdul Rohim Tualeka ◽  
Tri Martiana ◽  
Ahsan Ahsan ◽  
Syamsiar S. Russeng ◽  
Wulan Meidikayanti
Keyword(s):  
Free Radicals ◽  
Free Radical Oxidation ◽  
Thiobarbituric Acid ◽  
The Body ◽  
Radical Oxidation ◽  
Benzene Concentration ◽  
Flame Ionisation Detector ◽  
Glutathione Enzymes ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Detoxification Process

BACKGROUND: Chemicals that enter the body, especially benzene, will undergo a detoxification process. Unfortunately, at the detoxification process, sometimes benzene can produce free radicals. Free radical oxidation of lipids produces MDA compounds (malondialdehyde). To overcome these free radicals, the body will adapt to produce Glutathione (GSH) enzymes. AIM: The purpose of this study was to analyse the relationship between benzene concentration, MDA levels and glutathione enzymes in Shoe-Maker Home Industry workers exposed to benzene for more than 10 years. METHODS: Measurement of benzene concentration using a gas chromatography-flame ionisation detector (GC-FID). MDA levels used a modified spectrophotometric and GSH method of thiobarbituric acid (TBA) test. RESULT: The results showed that the majority of respondents had benzene concentrations still below the TLV value, mean of MDA levels were 6.94 mg/ml, while GSH was 4.54 mg/ml. Benzene concentration did not have a significant correlation with MDA and glutathione levels, whereas MDA levels had a strong correlation with glutathione levels (p = 0.000; r = -0.947). CONCLUSION: Workers should always use PPE and always eat foods that contain lots of glutathione enzymes such as spinach or broccoli to reduce the impact of free radicals from benzene inhalation.

scholarly journals INFLUENCE OF LASER TREATMENT ON INDICATORS OF FREE-RADICAL OXIDATION AND ANTIOXIDANT PROTECTION IN SECONDARY PYELONEPHRITIS

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 149-156
Author(s):  
I. I Antipkin ◽  
E. V Ryazantsev ◽  
V. E Ryazantsev ◽  
A. M Khoshnaw
Keyword(s):  
Catalase Activity ◽  
Clinical Medicine ◽  
Malonic Dialdehyde ◽  
Free Radical Oxidation ◽  
The Body ◽  
Complex Treatment ◽  
Metabolic Homeostasis ◽  
Radical Oxidation ◽  
Non Destructive ◽  
Single Kidney

Relevance. Optimization of the conservative tactics of acute inflammation of the kidney in nephrolithiasis makes it advisable to use non-traditional methods of detoxification low-intensity laser radiation (LILR) in particular. Aim. To evaluate the effectiveness of laser therapy (LT) in the complex correction of acute secondary pyelonephritis (ASP) in patients with single kidney stones according to the basic adaptation criteria of oxidative-antioxidant clinical medicine КЛИНИЧЕСКАЯ МЕДИЦИНА homeostasis of the organism. Materials and methods. Indices of endogenous intoxication (EI), characterizing the oxidative-antioxidant homeostasis of the body in ASP, were studied in 96 patients with nephrolithiasis aged 19 to 40 years. Patients of the comparison group (48 people) underwent basic (according to the standards) treatment aimed at controlling of calculous pyelonephritis. Patients of the main group (48 people) in the traditional conservative therapy from the second day of hospitalization daily received additional LT sessions with apparatus LTA “Uzor-3KS” with a frequency of 0.6 kHz, a power of 1.5 watts within 4 minutes (total for treatment course is eight procedures). The effectiveness of therapy was assessed on the 5th and 9th day of the inpatient stay. Results. It was found that endotoxicosis in non-destructive forms of ASP is caused by the increase in the concentration of malonic dialdehyde of plasma (by 20.3%) and erythrocytes (by 35.5%), decrease in catalase activity (by 14.2%) and the amount of total (by 11.8%) and free (21.1%) thiol groups with a decrease in the detoxification index (DI) by 24,1%. Compared with the baseline therapy (BT), the effectiveness of LT in the complex treatment of ASP in the analyzed parameters of metabolic homeostasis against the background of the increase in catalase capacity from 6.9 to 10.2%, the detoxification index from 5 to 12.5% was 7.5% (on the 5th day) and 17.5% (on the 9th day of treatment). Conclusions. ASP leads to activation of ROS, suppression of antioxidant and catalase activity of blood, reduction of DI, indicating a subcompensated syndrome of EI. Standard therapy contributes to the normalization of ROS and SLA values of body protection and reduces the level of endotoxicosis caused by ASP. Additional inclusion in the complex treatment of LT sessions more significantly normalizes redox metabolic homeostasis and EI parameters, improving the effectiveness of basic therapy.

scholarly journals Correction of antioxidant protection of cows organism in theperiod of laboratory drugs with content of non-participants of metals

2018 ◽  
Vol 20 (83) ◽  
pp. 204-207
Author(s):  
I.B. Kobilyukh
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant System ◽  
Free Radical Oxidation ◽  
The Body ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Antioxidant Protection ◽  
Dry Period ◽  
Diene Conjugates ◽  
Radical Oxidation ◽  
Black And White ◽  
White Breed

The enhancement of free radical oxidation, characteristic of inflammatory processes, is accompanied by a violation of the properties of biological membranes, the functioning of cells and damage to surrounding tissues. The purpose and task of the research was to make correction of antioxidant protection of the body of cows during the period of dry preparations containing nanoparticles of metals. To activate the antioxidant system of the body of cows during the dry period, use the vitamin complex «Nanovit». The experiment was conducted on cows of Ukrainian dairy black-and-white breed in Agroprodservice-Invest LLP of the Kozivsky District of the Ternopil Oblast. The experiment was conducted before 35–25 days to the calves birth where the experimental and control groups of cows were formed (n = 10). Cows of the experimental group for 35–25 days to the cattle, intramuscularly injected 5.0 ml vitamin complex «Nanovit» (composition: vitamins A, D, E and nanoparticles Cu, Zn, Mn, Co). Producer of «NVP» LLC «Ecological Capital». Cows of the control group for 35–25 days to the catheter, intramuscularly administered 15.0 ml of the drug Prodevit-tetra (1 ml of the preparation contains vitamin A – 50000 IU, vitamin D – 25000 IU, vitamin E – 20 mg, vitamin F – 6 mg). Manufacturer of Product Ltd. The study found that vitamins A, D, E, and nanoparticles Cu, Zn, Mn, Co, which are part of the drug «Nanovit», activate the antioxidant system of the body of cows during the dry period. So after the application of the drug «Nanovit» in the body of cows there was a decrease of 58.5% (Р ≤ 0.01) of diene conjugates and 95.0% (Р ≤ 0.001) of TBK-active products against the background of an increase of 20.0% (Р ≤ 0.01) activity of catalase. After the application of the drug «Nanovit», the service period of the period from cows decreased by 54 days, and the index of insemination decreased by 0.2 units against the cows fed «Prodevit-tetra», indicating a positive effect of the drug containing the nanoparticles of metals Cu, Zn, Mn, Co and vitamins A, D, E during the post-period period in cows.

scholarly journals Specific features of biological oxidation processes in helminthiases of horses

2020 ◽  
Vol 61 (3) ◽  
pp. 126-130
Author(s):  
Larisa V. Pilip ◽  
◽  
Olga V. Byakova ◽  
Maria E. Kazakova ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lipid Peroxidation ◽  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Free Radical ◽  
Free Radical Oxidation ◽  
The Body ◽  
Luminous Intensity ◽  
Radical Oxidation ◽  
Pathological Conditions ◽  
Oxidized Products

The chemical processes occurring in the animal body under pathological conditions are of interest to researchers. The objective of the research was to study the indicators of lipid peroxidation and antioxidant activity in horses infested with helminthiases and treated with anthelmintic paste with an antioxidant. The study has proved the role of parasitic infestation in accelerating the processes of free radical oxidation, which is manifested by a decrease in the light sum of radicals (36.62-39.21), the maximum luminous intensity (6.13-6.98) and antioxidant activity (5.65-6.2) at the start of the research. Chronic invasion increases the concentration of under-oxidized products up to 38.59, and the rate of initiating free radical oxidation – up to 6.95, the values of antioxidant activity being stably low (5.51-5.91). An important role in the regulation of lipid peroxidation in horses during helminthiases, as well as in the process of deworming, is played by the antioxidants contained in anthelmintic preparations. The antioxidant santohin included as a compound in the «Alezan» preparation suppresses enhanced peroxidation and activates the antioxidant protection of the body, which is reflected in a decrease in the light sum of the radicals to as low as 26.73, a maximum luminous intensity to – 3.76, and an increase in antioxidant activity – up to 7.16.

scholarly journals Peculiarities of lipid peroxidation processes in the body of cats with urinary tract diseases and their correction with commercial feeds

2021 ◽  
pp. 37-40
Author(s):  
Olga Andreevna Vorontsova ◽  
Nikolay Alexandrovich Pudovkin ◽  
Vladimir Vasilievich Salautin ◽  
Sergey Dmitrievich Klyukin
Keyword(s):  
Urinary Tract ◽  
Blood Serum ◽  
Catalase Activity ◽  
Free Radical Oxidation ◽  
The Body ◽  
Diene Conjugates ◽  
Radical Oxidation ◽  
Mda Content ◽  
Peroxidation Processes ◽  
Commercial Feeds

The article presents the results of studies on the effect of commercial food on the processes of free radical oxidation of lipids in the body of cats with urinary tract pathology. It has been found that the concentration of diene conjugates in the blood serum of sick animals increases significantly by 15.1 - 36.7% relative to healthy ones. The MDA content in the blood serum of healthy animals was 6.05 ± 0.28 nmol / g. In animals with urolithiasis, this indicator increased by about 2 times. When feeding with commercial food and homemade food, LPO processes normalize, which is most pronounced on the 21st day. The average activity of catalase in the blood serum of sick animals was increased from 30.6% to 40.2% relative to healthy ones (15.15 ± 0.61 ?mol / ml). After feeding with therapeutic and prophylactic fodders, by the 7th day, the catalase activity did not significantly decrease compared to the initial level, but remained higher than in control animals by 19.6% - 37.1%. On the 14th day, the catalase activity did not change significantly compared with the 7th day and was higher than the control values by 21.5% - 27.5%.

scholarly journals Quercetin improves myocardial redox status in rats with type 2 diabetes

2021 ◽  
Vol 55 (3) ◽  
pp. 142-152
Author(s):  
Nataliia I. Gorbenko ◽  
Oleksii Yu. Borikov ◽  
Tetiana V. Kiprych ◽  
Olha V. Ivanova ◽  
Kateryna V. Taran ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Free Radical Oxidation ◽  
Redox Status ◽  
Diabetic Rats ◽  
The Body ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Citrate Buffer ◽  
Radical Oxidation

Abstract Objective. Emerging data indicate that oxidative stress is closely associated with the pathogenesis of cardiovascular disease in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). The present study aimed to assess the effect of the most abundant flavonoid in the human diet quercetin (Q) on the myocardial redox status in rats with T2DM. Methods. T2DM was induced in male Wistar rats by a high caloric diet (for 14 weeks) and two streptozotocin (25 mg/kg b.w.) injections applied in four weeks of the diet, once a week for two weeks. The Q was administered intragastrically by gavage in a dose of 10 or 50 mg/kg of the body weight for 8 weeks starting from the 8th day after the last streptozotocin injection. The control rats received citrate buffer and seven days after the last STZ injection, basal glucose levels were measured in all animals. Results. Administration of Q increased insulin sensitivity in diabetic rats with more pronounced effect at a dose of 50 mg/kg b.w. The Q also decreased free radical oxidation in the heart mitochondria of diabetic animals, thus limiting the formation of advanced oxidation protein products in a dose-dependent manner and normalized the activity of antioxidant enzymes (superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase, glutathione reductase) in cardiac mitochondria independently of the dose used. In addition, the Q in both doses prevented the development of oxidative stress in the T2DM rats cardiomyocytes by reducing NADPH oxidase and xanthine oxidase activities. Conclusions. The findings demonstrate that Q in both doses 10 mg/kg and 50 mg/kg can protect from the development of oxidative stress in cardiomyocytes in the diabetic rats. The present data indicate that the use of Q may contribute to the amelioration of cardiovascular risk in patients with T2DM.

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