scholarly journals Evaluation of geometric deviations in rapid prototyped phantoms created from medical imaging data (on the example of computed tomography)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aleksandr V. Shirshin ◽  
Igor S. Zheleznyak ◽  
Sergei V. Kushnarev ◽  
Vladimir N. Malakhovsky ◽  
Natalia S. Gorina
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Computer Aided Design ◽  
Rank Correlation ◽  
Manual Segmentation ◽  
Imaging Data ◽  
Segmentation Method ◽  
Significance Level ◽  
Spearman’S Rank Correlation ◽  
Geometric Deviations ◽  
Polygon Meshes

Aim of study. To evaluate the geometric deviations associated with creation of physical objects from computed tomography data using computer-aided design and additive manufacturing. Materials and methods. The source object was created using the FreeCAD application; Blender and Meshmixer software was used for polygon meshes correction and transformation. 3D printing was carried out on an Ender-3 printer with copper-impregnated polylactide plastic BFCopper. Scanning was performed using a 128-slice tomograph Philips Ingenuity CT. A series of tomographic images were processed in 3DSlicer software, used to create virtual models by semiautomatic segmentation with threshold values ​​of 500 HU, 0 HU, -500 HU, -750 HU and manual segmentation. Reproduced and reference polygon meshes were compared using Iterative Closest Point algorithm in CloudCompare software. Results. Reproduced models volume exceeded the volume of respective reference models by 1-27%. The average point cloud linear deviation values of reproduced models from the reference ones were 0.03-0.41 mm. A significant correlation between integral sums of linear deviations and changes in the volume of reproduced models was shown using Spearman's rank correlation coefficient ( = 0.83; temp = 5.27, significance level p = 0.05). Conclusion. The geometry of the reproduced object changes inevitably, while the linear deviations depend more on the chosen segmentation method rather than on the overall size of the model or its structures. Manual segmentation method can lead to greater linear deviations, though it allows to save all the necessary structures.

scholarly journals Correlation between nasopharyngoscopy and cephalometry in the diagnosis of hyperplasia of the pharyngeal tonsils

2012 ◽  
Vol 16 (02) ◽  
pp. 209-216 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luana Berwig ◽  
Ana da Silva ◽  
Eliane Corrêa ◽  
Eliane Serpa ◽  
Rodrigo Ritzel
Keyword(s):  
Quantitative Study ◽  
Fiber Optic ◽  
Rank Correlation ◽  
Accurate Diagnosis ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Significance Level ◽  
Spearman’S Rank Correlation ◽  
Spearman’S Rank Correlation Coefficient ◽  
Tonsil Hyperplasia ◽  
Pharyngeal Tonsil

Summary Introduction: Hyperplasia of the pharyngeal tonsil is one of the main causes of mouth breathing, and accurate diagnosis of this alteration is important for proper therapeutic planning. Therefore, studies have been conducted in order to provide information regarding the procedures that can be used for the diagnosis of pharyngeal obstruction. Objective: To verify the correlation between nasopharyngoscopy and cephalometric examinations in the diagnosis of pharyngeal tonsil hyperplasia. Method: This was a cross-sectional, clinical, experimental, and quantitative study. Fifty-five children took part in this study, 30 girls and 25 boys, aged between 7 and 11 years. The children underwent nasofibropharyngoscopic and cephalometric evaluation to determine the grade of nasopharyngeal obstruction. The Spearman's rank correlation coefficient at the 5% significance level was used to verify the correlation between these exams. Results: In the nasopharyngoscopy evaluation, most children showed grade 2 and 3 hyperplasia of the pharyngeal tonsil, which was followed by grade 1. In the cephalometry assessment, most children showed grade 1 hyperplasia of the pharyngeal tonsil, which was followed by grade 2. A statistically significant regular positive correlation was observed between the exams. Conclusion: It was concluded that the evaluation of the pharyngeal tonsil hyperplasia could be carried out by fiber optic nasopharyngoscopy and cephalometry, as these examinations were regularly correlated. However, it was found that cephalometry tended to underestimate the size of the pharyngeal tonsil relative to nasopharyngoscopy.

Dentists’ knowledge of fluoride cariostatic mechanisms

2018 ◽  
Vol 23 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Urszula Kaczmarek ◽  
Wojciech Kowalczyk ◽  
Dariusz Gozdowski ◽  
Dorota Olczak-Kowalczyk
Keyword(s):  
Rank Correlation ◽  
Bone Fragility ◽  
Caries Prevention ◽  
Water Fluoridation ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Significance Level ◽  
Spearman’S Rank Correlation ◽  
Spearman’S Rank Correlation Coefficient ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
Almost All

Introduction. The use of age- and risk-adjusted caries prevention requires up-to-date knowledge on the cariostatic effects of fluoride, as well as the methods and safety of fluoride prophylaxis. Aim. The aim of the study was to assess dentists’ knowledge of the safety and mechanism of anticaries effects of fluoride. Material and methods. An anonymous questionnaire was conducted among 212 dentists participating in dental training. The questions included in the questionnaire related to knowledge about water fluoridation, fluoride cariostatic mechanisms and the safety of fluoride prophylaxis. The chi-square test and the Spearman’s rank correlation coefficient were used for statistical analysis. A significance level of 0.05 was used. Results. Incorrect knowledge about water fluoridation was demonstrated by 26.9% of respondents in the country and 16.0% of respondents in Europe. Most respondents (80.7%) reported higher efficacy of exogenous vs endogenous anticaries approaches, and more than half of respondents (59.0%) considered the processes of remineralisation and demineralisation as the most important anticaries activity. Almost all respondents (95.7%) agreed that the use of fluoride for caries prevention is controversial, mainly due to its dose-dependent therapeutic or toxic effects (85.4%). According to about 20% of respondents, cariostatic fluoride doses have adverse effects on the general health, mainly in the form of bone fragility (10.4%). Conclusions. Lack of correct knowledge about the dominant cariostatic effects of fluoride may result in the choice of an inappropriate preventive method or avoiding local application of fluoride preparations for fear of adverse systemic effects, which may in turn lead to increased caries prevalence in a given population.

scholarly journals THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN DISCIPLINE AND EMOTIONAL INTELLIGENCE TOWARDS EMPLOYEE PERFORMANCE

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 12
Author(s):  
Dian Rosa Linda ◽  
Puji Astuti ◽  
Satriya Wijaya
Keyword(s):  
Emotional Intelligence ◽  
Employee Performance ◽  
Rank Correlation ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Poor Performance ◽  
P Value ◽  
Job Responsibilities ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Significance Level ◽  
Spearman’S Rank Correlation

Background: One of problems in an organization or company is poor performance of employees. For instance, they do not complete tasks or finish their job responsibilities on time. The preliminary data taken from one of companies in Surabaya showed that 184 employees did not come to work without any explanations, and 288 employees worked late.Aim: This study analyzed the relationships between discipline and emotional intelligence towards employee performance at the company.Method: The design of this research was analytical using a cross sectional approach. The population of this study was employees at Production and Maintenance Section of one company in Surabaya comprising of 155 people. Out of 155 employees, 89 respondents were taken as samples using a stratified random sampling technique. Then, the data were collected through a questionnaire and analyzed using Spearman’s rank correlation test with a significance level of α 0.05.Results: This study showed that most of the respondents were very highly disciplined (94.4%) and had a highly emotional intelligence (74.2%). Lastly, most of them perform satisfyingly (50.6%). The results of the analysis test with Spearman’s rank correlation yielded p-value of 0.002 <α 0.05. It means there was a correlation between  discipline attitude and employee performance. The p-value 0.001 which was less than α-value of 0.05 showed that there was a correlation between emotional intelligence and employee performance.Conclusion: Discipline and emotional intelligence are prominent to determine employee performance at PT X. In order to improve the discipline and intelligence in the performance of the employees, the company should provide rewards based on employee’s achievements in the workplace. Key words: Emotional intelligence, Employee performance, Discipline.

scholarly journals THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN DISCIPLINE AND EMOTIONAL INTELLIGENCE TOWARDS EMPLOYEE PERFORMANCE

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 12
Author(s):  
Dian Rosa Linda ◽  
Puji Astuti ◽  
Satriya Wijaya
Keyword(s):  
Emotional Intelligence ◽  
Employee Performance ◽  
Rank Correlation ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Poor Performance ◽  
P Value ◽  
Job Responsibilities ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Significance Level ◽  
Spearman’S Rank Correlation

Background: One of problems in an organization or company is poor performance of employees. For instance, they do not complete tasks or finish their job responsibilities on time. The preliminary data taken from one of companies in Surabaya showed that 184 employees did not come to work without any explanations, and 288 employees worked late.Aim: This study analyzed the relationships between discipline and emotional intelligence towards employee performance at the company.Method: The design of this research was analytical using a cross sectional approach. The population of this study was employees at Production and Maintenance Section of one company in Surabaya comprising of 155 people. Out of 155 employees, 89 respondents were taken as samples using a stratified random sampling technique. Then, the data were collected through a questionnaire and analyzed using Spearman’s rank correlation test with a significance level of α 0.05.Results: This study showed that most of the respondents were very highly disciplined (94.4%) and had a highly emotional intelligence (74.2%). Lastly, most of them perform satisfyingly (50.6%). The results of the analysis test with Spearman’s rank correlation yielded p-value of 0.002 <α 0.05. It means there was a correlation between  discipline attitude and employee performance. The p-value 0.001 which was less than α-value of 0.05 showed that there was a correlation between emotional intelligence and employee performance.Conclusion: Discipline and emotional intelligence are prominent to determine employee performance at PT X. In order to improve the discipline and intelligence in the performance of the employees, the company should provide rewards based on employee’s achievements in the workplace. Key words: Emotional intelligence, Employee performance, Discipline.

Drivers of e-bidding implementation in the Saudi Arabian construction industry

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 16-27
Author(s):  
Ahmed M.Z. Sayed ◽  
Sadi Assaf ◽  
Adel S. Aldosary ◽  
Mohammad A. Hassanain ◽  
Abdullatif Abdallah
Keyword(s):  
Saudi Arabia ◽  
Construction Projects ◽  
Rank Correlation ◽  
Construction Costs ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Significance Level ◽  
Spearman’S Rank Correlation ◽  
Spearman’S Rank Correlation Coefficient ◽  
Key Drivers ◽  
Public Construction

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to identify the key drivers for adopting electronic bidding (e-bidding) systems in public construction projects located in Saudi Arabia. Design/methodology/approach Literature review was undertaken to identify the drivers of e-bidding practices. Nine drivers, classified under four categories, were identified. A questionnaire survey was developed to assess the significance of the identified drivers. Responses were obtained from 20 large contractors, classified as Grade I and II contractors in Saudi Arabia, and 12 governmental authorities, representing owners of construction projects. The drivers were ranked according to their respective significance index (SI) values. Finally, a Spearman’s rank correlation coefficient was employed to ascertain the extent to which the two parties agreed on the significance level of the drivers. Findings Analysis of the identified drivers revealed that the most significant driver was “reduction in the physical storage requirements of bidding paperwork.” Further, a consensus was observed with regards to the significance of the drivers. The findings of the present study highlight the strong potential of widespread e-bidding adoption in Saudi Arabia. It demonstrates the key drivers for the implementation of e-bidding through the perspective of professionals within the context of Saudi Arabia. Originality/value Prior to this study, no previous research has endeavored to assess the drivers of e-bidding adoption in Saudi Arabia. The adoption of e-bidding will benefit organizations through improved efficiencies, which could potentially lower construction costs, thereby contributing to economic growth and benefitting the society at large.

Postoperative Computed Tomography Evaluation of Posterior Tibial Plateau Fractures: Mean 7-Year Clinical Follow-Up

2017 ◽  
Vol 31 (07) ◽  
pp. 670-676
Author(s):  
Dongzhe Li ◽  
Yu Liang ◽  
Kunlong Ma ◽  
Chang Zou ◽  
Yue Fang
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Clinical Outcomes ◽  
Tibial Plateau ◽  
Rank Correlation ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Tibial Plateau Fractures ◽  
Short Musculoskeletal Function Assessment ◽  
Posterior Tibial ◽  
Spearman’S Rank Correlation ◽  
Spearman’S Rank Correlation Coefficient

AbstractThe aim is to assess the association between computed tomography (CT) findings and clinical outcomes in posterior tibial plateau fractures (TPF). This is a retrospective analysis of the records of 23 patients with posterior TPF treated at our institution between 2004 and 2011. Two indices of residual articular displacement of posterior TPF (gap and step-off) were measured from CT images, and clinical outcomes were assessed using the Short Musculoskeletal Function Assessment (SMFA) questionnaire. Spearman's rank correlation coefficient analysis was used to evaluate the correlations between the postoperative posterior TPF radiological findings and the clinical outcomes. Both the intraobserver and the interobserver correlation coefficients were high (0.90 and 0.92, respectively), indicating excellent agreement between the reviewers for the assessment of residual displacement via CT scans. Additionally, residual articular step displacement showed a strongly negative correlation with clinical outcomes (R = 0.700, p = 0.036), whereas the residual gap displacement did not (R = 0.400, p = 0.505). More importantly, the medial posterior step displacement was significantly correlated with the clinical outcomes (p = 0.040), whereas the lateral posterior step displacement was not (p = 0.618). Based on the data of this study, the higher the step-off deformity of the medial posterior tibial plateau, the worse the SMFA. More attention should be paid to this factor when treating medial posterior TPF.

scholarly journals Okul Öncesi Çocuklarda Öz Düzenleme Becerileri ile Anne-Baba Tutumları Arasındaki İlişki Üzerine Bir İnceleme / An Investigation on Relation between Self-Regulation Skills of Pre-School Students and Parental Attitudes

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (5) ◽  
pp. 385
Author(s):  
Meryem Esra Öztabak ◽  
Arzu Özyürek
Keyword(s):  
Parental Attitudes ◽  
Self Regulation ◽  
Rank Correlation ◽  
School Students ◽  
Significance Level ◽  
National Education ◽  
Positive Feeling ◽  
Democratic Attitudes ◽  
Spearman’S Rank Correlation ◽  
Spearman’S Rank Correlation Coefficient

<p><strong>Abstract</strong></p><p>This research aims to investigate the relation between self-regulation skills of pre-school students and the effect of parental attitudes.  The subjects of this study consist of 155 children, 79 girls and 76 boys, who were going to the pre-school education institutions affiliated to the Bartın Provincial National Education Directorate and their parents. In order to determine the self regulation skills of the children the “Pre-school Self Regulation Scale” has been applied to the children individually, and to determine the attitudes of the parents the “Family Attitude Inventory” has been used to collect the data. Since there has been no distribution of normality encountered in the test of normality, the Mann-Whitney U test has been used in the two group comparisons, for the correlation between the variables, the Spearman’s rank correlation coefficient has been used. The significance level has been determined as 0,05.  As a conclusion, no significant correlation has been detected between the attention/impulse control and positive feeling scores, which are sub-dimensions of self regulation skills, and the sub-dimensions and total score’s of family attitudes inventory. It can be obviously seen that especially the attention and impulse sub dimensions of the pre-school girl students in the experimental group have been more developed and that these children show high self-regulation skills in this sub dimension. It was determined that the parents of the study group had the highest attitudes to identify with their children, followed by social mobility, democratic attitudes and compliance behaviors.</p><p><strong>Öz</strong></p><p>Bu çalışmada, okul öncesi periyodundaki çocukların öz düzenleme becerileri ile anne-baba tutumları arasındaki ilişkinin incelenmesi hedeflenmiştir. Çalışma grubunu Bartın İli Millî Eğitim Müdürlüğü’ne bağlı anasınıflarına devam eden 79 kız 76 erkek olmak üzere toplam 155 çocuk ve bu çocukların anne-babaları oluşturmuştur. Verilerin toplanmasında çocukların öz düzenleme becerilerinin belirlenmesinde “Okul Öncesi Öz Düzenleme Ölçeği”, annelerin ve babaların çocuk yetiştirme tutumlarının belirlenmesinde “Aile Tutum Envanteri” kullanılmıştır. Verilerin analizinde, puanlar normal dağılım göstermedikleri için iki gruplu karşılaştırmalarda Mann-Whitney U testi, değişkenler arasındaki ilişkide Spearman’s Brown korelasyon analizinden yararlanılmıştır. Anlamlılık seviyesi olarak 0,05 kullanılmıştır. Çalışma sonucunda; Okul Öncesi Öz Düzenleme Ölçeği Dikkat/Dürtü Kontrolü ve Olumlu Duygu alt boyutları puanı ile Aile Tutum Envanteri alt boyutları ve toplam puanları arasında anlamlı bağlantı bulunmamıştır. Çalışma grubundaki kız çocukların özellikle Dikkat/Dürtü alt boyutu puanlarının daha fazla olduğu, çocukların dikkat/dürtü alanında yüksek düzeyde öz düzenleme becerileri gösterdikleri belirlenmiştir. Çalışma grubundaki anne-babaların, çocuklarıyla özdeşim kurma davranışlarının en yüksek düzeyde olduğu ve bunu sosyal hareketlilik, demokratik tutum ve uyma davranışının izlediği belirlenmiştir.</p>

scholarly journals Milk-free diet followed by breastfeeding women

2020 ◽  
pp. 181-189
Keyword(s):  
Fast Food ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Rank Correlation ◽  
Food Products ◽  
Elimination Diet ◽  
P Value ◽  
Computer Assisted ◽  
Significance Level ◽  
Spearman’S Rank Correlation ◽  
Low Calcium Diet

Background. Breastfeeding is the most common way of feeding infants. Human milk contains nutrients which are necessary to provide proper growth of a child. Nowadays there aren't any recommendations to follow elimination diet in order to decrease the risk of allergy or baby colic. Only the occurrence of health problems such as lactose intolerance or cow's milk protein allergy in breastfeeding mother or infant should be a reason for eliminating dairy products from diet. It seems to be important to explore the reasons and the frequency of following milk-free diet by breastfeeding women. Objectives. The main purpose of the study was to find the reasons for following milk-free diet by breastfeeding women and making an assessment of their nutrition knowledge and food habits. Material and methods. Thirty-three breastfeeding women following milk-free diet took part in the project. The women were interviewed by the Computer Assisted Web Interview (CAWI) method with an original questionnaire. The results were developed with Spearman's rank correlation, Chi2 test and the gamma coefficient. The statistical significance level for the p-value was <0.05. Results. The main reason for following milk-free diet by the breastfeeding women was the occurrence of hypersensitivity reactions of the children's gastrointestinal system after consuming milk by mother (72% responses). After excluding milk from diet only 42% respondents declared consuming new food products or dietary supplements in order to refill the potential deficiency of nutrients. The majority of respondents also eliminated from diet highly processed food products, fast-food and the carbonated drinks. The most often declared source of information about lactation was Internet (85%). Only 12% respondents asked a nutritionist in order to get the information about breastfeeding. Conclusions. It's necessary to promote a specific nutritional advice about following milk-free diet in breastfeeding women group in order to decrease the health risk connected with low calcium diet.

scholarly journals HOW INFORMATIVE IS THE ENVIRONMENTAL RATING OF THE REGIONS OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION

2019 ◽  
Vol 98 (11) ◽  
pp. 1222-1227
Author(s):  
Tatyana M. Smirnova ◽  
P. I. Melnichenko ◽  
N. I. Prokhorov ◽  
V. N. Krutko
Keyword(s):  
Population Health ◽  
Rank Correlation ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Federal State ◽  
Environmental Index ◽  
Significance Level ◽  
Health Indices ◽  
Spearman’S Rank Correlation ◽  
Regions Of Russia

Introduction. All-Russian public organization "Green patrol" has developed a method of expert evaluation of environmental well-being. Since 2008 this method is used to calculate the environmental rating of regions of Russia. The ideology of rating takes into account the principles of sustainable development, in accordance with the Declaration of the UN Conference on environment and development. The consolidated environmental index includes three basic indices characterizing the state of the ecosphere, technosphere, and society. The purpose of article is to assess the relevance of environmental rating of regions of Russia and its basic components to population health indices and therefore to assess the opportunities to use this rating for the prediction the environmental risks to human health. Material and methods. We used data from the Federal State statistics service on morbidity, mortality and life expectancy in regions of Russia in 2008-2016, as well as environmental monitoring data for the same period, published by the "Green patrol". To evaluate the relationships between indicуs we used Spearman's rank correlation coefficient. Results. None of the indeces of the population health showed a correlation with consolidated environmental index with significance level p < 0.05. The environmental index, which reflects the basic pollution levels of the environment, naturally had negative correlation coefficients with indeces of morbidity and mortality. Socio-economic and industrial-economic indices have identified a number of paradoxical correlations with health indices. This result is probably because the structure of these indices includes indicators reflecting the intensity of efforts to minimize industrial pollution and improve the quality of life of the population. This intensity is obviously higher the higher the need for it, so these indices indirectly reflect environmental disadvantage. Conclusion. The results of the analysis showed a lack of informative value of the environmental rating of Russia's regions in terms of population health.

scholarly journals Hubungan Indeks Massa Tubuh (IMT) dengan Kadar Apolipoprotein B (ApoB) pada Remaja Overweight dan Obes

2016 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Neida Valeria Danun ◽  
Stefana H.M. Kaligis ◽  
Murniati Tiho
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Cardiovascular Diseases ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Apolipoprotein B ◽  
Rank Correlation ◽  
World Health ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Significance Level ◽  
Obese Adolescents ◽  
Spearman’S Rank Correlation

Abstract: Childhood obesity is one of the serious public health problems. Data from the World Health Organization in 2013 showed that about 42 million children were categorized as overweight and obese. Obesity is correlated with cardiovascular diseases. Apolipoprotein B is one of the solid predictors to diagnose cardiovascular disease in developing countries. This study aimed to determine the correlation between body mass index and Apolipoprotein B levels in overweight and obese adolescents. This was an analytical observational study with a cross sectional design. This study was participated by 23 overweight and obese adolescents. The results showed that the mean level of BMI in overweight and obese adolescents was 32 (SD±4.235) kg/m2, ApoB was 94,13 mg/dL (SD±19.770). The Spearman’s rank correlation test showed a significance level (P) = 0.587 and the correlations value (r) = 0,120 between body mass index and Apolipoprotein B levels. Conclusion: There was no significant correlation between BMI and ApoB in overweight and obese adolescents. Albeit, some of the overweight and obese adolescents have moderate risk to suffer from cardiovascular diseases in the future. Keywords: body mass index, apolipoprotein B, overweight, obese, adolescents Abstrak: Obesitas pada anak merupakan suatu masalah serius kesehatan masyarakat. Data dari Organisasi Kesehatan Dunia (WHO) tahun 2013 melaporkan sekitar 42 juta anak yang tergolong overweight dan obesitas. Obesitas memiliki hubungan erat dengan penyakit kardiovaskular. Apolipoprotein B merupakan salah satu prediktor kuat yang dipakai negara-negara maju untuk diagnosis penyakit kardiovaskular. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan indeks massa tubuh (IMT) dengan kadar Apolipoprotein B pada remaja overweight dan obes. Jenis penelitian ini analitik observasional dengan desain potong lintang terhadap 23 remaja overweight dan obes. Hasil penelitian mendapatkan nilai rata-rata indeks massa tubuh pada remaja overweight dan obes 32 (SD±4,253) kg/m2 dan nilai rata-rata kadar Apolipoprotein B pada remaja overweight dan obes 94,13 mg/dL (SD±19,770). Hasil uji korelasi Spearman mendapatkan nilai signifikan (P) = 0,587 dan korelasi (r) = 0,120 antara indeks massa tubuh dengan kadar Apolipoprotein B. Simpulan: Tidak terdapat hubungan antara indeks massa tubuh dengan kadar Apolipoprotein B pada remaja overweight dan obes. Walaupun demikian, sebagian remaja overweight dan obes memiliki risiko sedang terkena penyakit kardiovaskular di masa mendatang.Kata kunci: indeks massa tubuh, apolipoprotein B, remaja, overweight, obes

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