scholarly journals A difficult patient at a cosmetologist appointment: early lip changes in women smokers: causes, and methods of correction

2020 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 57-64
Author(s):  
M. A. Shirshakova ◽  
Elena A. Morozova
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Reactive Oxygen Species ◽  
Oxidative Dna Damage ◽  
Antioxidant Properties ◽  
Reactive Oxygen ◽  
Chronic Obstructive ◽  
Oxygen Species ◽  
Difficult Patient ◽  
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Diseases ◽  
Markers Of Oxidative Stress

A smokers lips are more likely to change because of exposure to reactive oxygen species that contain oxygen in large quantities in tobacco smoke. Oxidative stress is a crucial factor in the development of smoking-related diseases, such as oral cancer, lung cancer, and chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases. The damaging effect occurs because of the imbalance between the generation of reactive oxygen species and their detoxification. Markers of oxidative stress include parameters of lipid peroxidation, the activity of glutathione and antioxidant enzymes, and oxidative DNA damage. The destruction of hyaluronic acid (HA), the only drug used to correct lip changes, in smokers is accelerated by its participation in reactions with active oxygen forms, and not just by pathemization because of enzymatic cleavage by hyaluronidase. Mannitol has strong antioxidant properties, which makes it an ideal auxiliary substance in the composition of fillers based on HA. The role of reactive oxygen species in the aging process and their effects on both endogenous HA and HA-based drugs developed for esthetic use are discussed. A review of drugs, based on mannitol with hyaluronic fillers, is provided. The inclusion of mannitol in hyaluronic fillers is an effective and safe way to improve both short-term and long-term esthetic effects of the HA injection.

scholarly journals How to express the antioxidant properties of substances properly?

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Małgorzata Olszowy-Tomczyk
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Reactive Oxygen Species ◽  
Literature Review ◽  
Antioxidant Activities ◽  
Antioxidant Properties ◽  
Reactive Oxygen ◽  
The Body ◽  
Universal Method ◽  
Oxygen Species ◽  
Good Tool

AbstractOxidative stress, associated with an imbalance between the oxidants (reactive oxygen species) and the antioxidants in the body, contributes to the development of many diseases. The body’s fight against reactive oxygen species is supported by antioxidants. Nowadays, there are too many analytical methods, but there is no one universal technique for assessing antioxidant properties. Moreover, the applied different ways of expressing the results lead to their incompatibility and unreasonable interpretation. The paper is a literature review concerning the most frequent ways of antioxidant activities expression and for an easy and universal method of the obtained results discussion. This paper is an attempt to point out their disadvantages and advantages. The manuscript can support the searching interpretation of the obtained results which will be a good tool for the development of a number of fields, especially medicine what can help in the future detection and treatment of many serious diseases. Graphic abstract

scholarly journals Novel Antioxidant Properties of Doxycycline

2018 ◽  
Vol 19 (12) ◽  
pp. 4078 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dahn Clemens ◽  
Michael Duryee ◽  
Cleofes Sarmiento ◽  
Andrew Chiou ◽  
Jacob McGowan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Reactive Oxygen Species ◽  
Hydrogen Peroxide ◽  
Chronic Inflammation ◽  
Antioxidant Properties ◽  
Antibacterial Properties ◽  
Reactive Oxygen ◽  
Protein Adducts ◽  
Oxygen Species ◽  
Free System

Doxycycline (DOX), a derivative of tetracycline, is a broad-spectrum antibiotic that exhibits a number of therapeutic activities in addition to its antibacterial properties. For example, DOX has been used in the management of a number of diseases characterized by chronic inflammation. One potential mechanism by which DOX inhibits the progression of these diseases is by reducing oxidative stress, thereby inhibiting subsequent lipid peroxidation and inflammatory responses. Herein, we tested the hypothesis that DOX directly scavenges reactive oxygen species (ROS) and inhibits the formation of redox-mediated malondialdehyde-acetaldehyde (MAA) protein adducts. Using a cell-free system, we demonstrated that DOX scavenged reactive oxygen species (ROS) produced during the formation of MAA-adducts and inhibits the formation of MAA-protein adducts. To determine whether DOX scavenges specific ROS, we examined the ability of DOX to directly scavenge superoxide and hydrogen peroxide. Using electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy, we found that DOX directly scavenged superoxide, but not hydrogen peroxide. Additionally, we found that DOX inhibits MAA-induced activation of Nrf2, a redox-sensitive transcription factor. Together, these findings demonstrate the under-recognized direct antioxidant property of DOX that may help to explain its therapeutic potential in the treatment of conditions characterized by chronic inflammation and increased oxidative stress.

scholarly journals Influence of Acetylcholinesterase Inhibitors Used in Alzheimer’s Disease Treatment on the Activity of Antioxidant Enzymes and the Concentration of Glutathione in THP-1 Macrophages under Fluoride-Induced Oxidative Stress

2018 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marta Goschorska ◽  
Izabela Gutowska ◽  
Irena Baranowska-Bosiacka ◽  
Katarzyna Piotrowska ◽  
Emilia Metryka ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Reactive Oxygen Species ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Antioxidant Enzymes ◽  
Antioxidant Properties ◽  
Reactive Oxygen ◽  
Acetylcholinesterase Inhibitors ◽  
Oxygen Species ◽  
Ache Inhibitors

It has been reported that donepezil and rivastigmine, the acetylcholinesterase (AchE) inhibitors commonly used in the treatment of Alzheimer’s disease (AD), do not only inhibit AChE but also have antioxidant properties. As oxidative stress is involved in AD pathogenesis, in our study we attempted to examine the influence of donepezil and rivastigmine on the activity of antioxidant enzymes and glutathione concentration in macrophages—an important source of reactive oxygen species and crucial for oxidative stress progression. The macrophages were exposed to sodium fluoride induced oxidative stress. The antioxidant enzymes activity and concentration of glutathione were measured spectrophotometrically. The generation of reactive oxygen species was visualized by confocal microscopy. The results of our study showed that donepezil and rivastigmine had a stimulating effect on catalase activity. However, when exposed to fluoride-induced oxidative stress, the drugs reduced the activity of some antioxidant enzymes (Cat, SOD, GR). These observations suggest that the fluoride-induced oxidative stress may suppress the antioxidant action of AChE inhibitors. Our results may have significance in the clinical practice of treatment of AD and other dementia diseases.

scholarly journals Aqueous Extract of Cocoa Phenolic Compounds Protects Differentiated Neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y Cells from Oxidative Stress

Biomolecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (9) ◽  
pp. 1266
Author(s):  
Noelia Carballeda Sangiao ◽  
Susana Chamorro ◽  
Sonia de Pascual-Teresa ◽  
Luis Goya
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Reactive Oxygen Species ◽  
Phenolic Compounds ◽  
Protective Effect ◽  
Aqueous Extract ◽  
Antioxidant Properties ◽  
Reactive Oxygen ◽  
Oxygen Species ◽  
Human Neuroblastoma ◽  
Antioxidant Defense Enzymes

Cocoa is a rich source of polyphenols, especially flavanols and procyanidin oligomers, with antioxidant properties, providing protection against oxidation and nitration. Cocoa phenolic compounds are usually extracted with methanol/ethanol solvents in order to obtain most of their bioactive compounds; however, aqueous extraction seems more representative of the physiological conditions. In this study, an aqueous extract of cocoa powder has been prepared and chemically characterized, and its potential protective effect against chemically-induced oxidative stress has been tested in differentiated human neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cells. Neuronal-like cultured cells were pretreated with realistic concentrations of cocoa extract and its major monomeric flavanol component, epicatechin, and then submitted to oxidative stress induced by a potent pro-oxidant. After one hour, production of reactive oxygen species was evaluated by two different methods, flow cytometry and in situ fluorescence by a microplate reader. Simultaneously, reduced glutathione and antioxidant defense enzymes glutathione peroxidase and glutathione reductase were determined and the results used for a comparative analysis of both ROS (reactive oxygen species) methods and to test the chemo-protective effect of the bioactive products on neuronal-like cells. The results of this approach, never tested before, validate both analysis of ROS and indicate that concentrations of an aqueous extract of cocoa phenolics and epicatechin within a physiological range confer a significant protection against oxidative insult to neuronal-like cells in culture.

scholarly journals Antioxidant effects of lycopene on bovine sperm survival and oxidative profile following cryopreservation

2017 ◽  
Vol 62 (No. 8) ◽  
pp. 429-436 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Tvrda ◽  
A. Mackovich ◽  
H. Greifova ◽  
F. Hashim ◽  
N. Lukac
Keyword(s):  
Reactive Oxygen Species ◽  
Lipid Peroxidation ◽  
Oxidative Dna Damage ◽  
Structural Integrity ◽  
Antioxidant Properties ◽  
Reactive Oxygen ◽  
Mitochondrial Activity ◽  
Oxygen Species ◽  
Bovine Sperm ◽  
Sperm Survival

Reactive oxygen species overgeneration as a side effect of semen cryopreservation may lead to lipid peroxidation, protein degradation, DNA fragmentation and cell death, resulting in a decrease of sperm survival and fertilisation ability. Lycopene has been proposed as a potential supplement to semen extenders because of its antioxidant properties. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of lycopene on the structural integrity, functional activity and selected oxidative stress parameters of cryopreserved bovine sperm. Thirty bovine ejaculates were split into two aliquots and diluted with a commercial semen extender supplemented with 1.5 mmol/l lycopene or containing no supplement (control), cooled down to 4 °C, frozen and kept in liquid nitrogen. Prior to experiments, frozen straws were thawed at 37 °C for 20 s. Lycopene addition resulted in a higher sperm motility (P < 0.001), progressive motility (P < 0.001) and all secondary motion characteristics (P < 0.001 with respect to the average path velocity, linear velocity, velocity of curvilinear motion, beat cross frequency, path straightness and linearity; P < 0.01 in the case of the amplitude of lateral head displacement). Furthermore, lycopene exhibited protective effects on the sperm membrane (P < 0.05) and acrosomal (P < 0.01) integrity in comparison to control. An assay for metabolic function revealed that lycopene supplementation to the cryopreservation medium resulted in a higher preservation of the sperm mitochondrial activity (P < 0.001). Reactive oxygen species production as well as intracellular superoxide generation were decreased following lycopene addition (P < 0.01 in the case of reactive oxygen species; P < 0.001 with respect to superoxide production). Finally, the presence of lycopene led to a decrease in protein carbonyl production (P < 0.01), lipid peroxidation (P < 0.001) as well as oxidative DNA damage (P < 0.05) when compared to control. In conclusion, lycopene exhibited significant reactive oxygen species-trapping and antioxidant properties which may prevent oxidative damage to frozen-thawed sperm, and, thus, enhance the post-thaw vitality of male reproductive cells in cattle breeding.

scholarly journals Reactive Oxygen Species and Antioxidative Defense in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease

Antioxidants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. 1537
Author(s):  
Akihiko Taniguchi ◽  
Mitsuru Tsuge ◽  
Nobuaki Miyahara ◽  
Hirokazu Tsukahara
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Reactive Oxygen Species ◽  
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease ◽  
Pulmonary Disease ◽  
Reactive Oxygen ◽  
Chronic Obstructive ◽  
Oxygen Species ◽  
Antioxidative Defense ◽  
Obstructive Pulmonary Disease ◽  
Antioxidative Therapy

The respiratory system is continuously exposed to endogenous and exogenous oxidants. Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is characterized by chronic inflammation of the airways, leading to the destruction of lung parenchyma (emphysema) and declining pulmonary function. It is increasingly obvious that reactive oxygen species (ROS) and reactive nitrogen species (RNS) contribute to the progression and amplification of the inflammatory responses related to this disease. First, we described the association between cigarette smoking, the most representative exogenous oxidant, and COPD and then presented the multiple pathophysiological aspects of ROS and antioxidative defense systems in the development and progression of COPD. Second, the relationship between nitric oxide system (endothelial) dysfunction and oxidative stress has been discussed. Third, we have provided data on the use of these biomarkers in the pathogenetic mechanisms involved in COPD and its progression and presented an overview of oxidative stress biomarkers having clinical applications in respiratory medicine, including those in exhaled breath, as per recent observations. Finally, we explained the findings of recent clinical and experimental studies evaluating the efficacy of antioxidative interventions for COPD. Future breakthroughs in antioxidative therapy may provide a promising therapeutic strategy for the prevention and treatment of COPD.

scholarly journals Oxidative Stress and Its Association with COVID-19: A Narrative Review

2020 ◽  
pp. 97-105 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hardi Rafat Baqi ◽  
Halgord Ali M. Farag ◽  
Abdel Hamid H. El Bilbeisi ◽  
Rafee Habib Askandar ◽  
Amany M. El Afifi
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Reactive Oxygen Species ◽  
Reactive Oxygen ◽  
Cell Entry ◽  
Chronic Obstructive ◽  
Ros Generation ◽  
Oxygen Species ◽  
Obstructive Pulmonary Disease ◽  
Angiotensin Converting Enzyme 2 ◽  
Obesity And Diabetes

The naturalness of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infections (SARS-Cov-2) appears to impact the respiratory system and lungs, however, the etiology of many cases exhibited several various features of the disease. The Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) symptoms are not limited to the virus’s first definitions. This review gathered the contemporary information throughout PubMed, Scopus, and Science Direct databases regarding possible effects of the virus in generating reactive oxygen species and causing oxidative stress. However, this ensures a hypothesis for now, yet from the literature and incidence of COVID-19 symptoms along with comorbidities we can observe the potentials of the virus in the generation of oxidative stress. Especially the virus’s route to cell entry via angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) receptor is well known that leads to pathogenesis in angiotensin II (AT II) which are critical in NADH/NADPH oxidase inducing ROS generation. Moreover, the virus’s activity to replicate seems to be reduced in high antioxidant glutathione level concentrations. The outcome of the review proposes a hypothesis that COVID-19 is associated with reactive oxygen species and its comorbidities mostly joined with oxidative stress including hypertension, cardiovascular, thrombosis, obesity, and diabetes besides of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and asthma.

scholarly journals The Role of Natural Antioxidants Against Reactive Oxygen Species Produced by Cadmium Toxicity: A Review

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 184-202 ◽  
Author(s):  
Velid Unsal ◽  
Tahir Dalkiran ◽  
Mustafa Çiçek ◽  
Engin Kölükçü
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Reactive Oxygen Species ◽  
Skin Diseases ◽  
Cadmium Toxicity ◽  
Reactive Oxygen ◽  
Natural Antioxidants ◽  
Chronic Obstructive ◽  
Oxygen Species ◽  
Cd Toxicity

Cadmium (Cd) is a significant ecotoxic heavy metal that adversely affects all biological processes of humans, animals and plants. Exposure to acute and chronic Cd damages many organs in humans and animals (e.g. lung, liver, brain, kidney, and testes). In humans, the Cd concentration at birth is zero, but because the biological half-life is long (about 30 years in humans), the concentration increases with age. The industrial developments of the last century have significantly increased the use of this metal. Especially in developing countries, this consumption is higher. Oxidative stress is the imbalance between antioxidants and oxidants. Cd increases reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and causes oxidative stress. Excess cellular levels of ROS cause damage to proteins, nucleic acids, lipids, membranes and organelles. This damage has been associated with various diseases. These include cancer, hypertension, ischemia/perfusion, cardiovascular diseases, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, diabetes, insulin resistance, acute respiratory distress syndrome, idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis, asthma, skin diseases, chronic kidney disease, eye diseases, neurodegenerative diseases (amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, Parkinson’s disease, Alzheimer’s disease, and Huntington disease). Natural antioxidants are popular drugs that are used by the majority of people and have few side effects. Natural antioxidants play an important role in reducing free radicals caused by Cd toxicity. Our goal in this review is to establish the relationship between Cd and oxidative stress and to discuss the role of natural antioxidants in reducing Cd toxicity.

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