scholarly journals Drug-induced cytolytic syndrome in pregnancy: clinical and biochemical diagnostic criteria

2016 ◽  
Vol 65 (6) ◽  
pp. 28-35
Author(s):  
Irina V Borisova
Keyword(s):  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Hormone Therapy ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
First Trimester ◽  
Gamma Glutamyl Transpeptidase ◽  
Drug Induced ◽  
Planning Stage ◽  
Protein Levels ◽  
First Trimester Of Pregnancy ◽  
In Pregnancy

The aim of the study was evaluation of clinical and laboratory manifestations of drug-induced cytolytic syndrome in pregnancy. In the research group included 62 pregnant women with drug-induced liver injury (DILI) in the first trimester of pregnancy. These pregnant women received hormone therapy at the planning stage and/or during pregnancy for the prevention and treatment of miscarriage and had clinical and biochemical manifestations of cytolytic syndrome. Pregnancy after IVF and ovulation induction was in 60.8% of cases. Hormone therapy for pregnant patients received long-term, 85% of pregnant women used estrogen and progestin drugs. DILI during pregnancy characterized by low-symptom or asymptomatic clinical manifestations. DILI manifested cytolytic biochemical syndrome, in which there is isolated increase of transaminase levels, in some cases accompanied by increased level of gamma glutamyl transpeptidase, liver glutamate dehydrogenase and decreased total protein levels, in the first place due to the albumin fraction.

Pregnancy after influenza in the first trimester

2018 ◽  
pp. 14-18
Author(s):  
V.V. Kaminskyi ◽  
◽  
O.I. Zhdanovich ◽  
T.V. Kolomiychenko ◽  
A.D. Derkach ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pregnant Women ◽  
High Frequency ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Birth Asphyxia ◽  
Fetal Distress ◽  
First Trimester ◽  
Placental Insufficiency ◽  
Perinatal Complications ◽  
Placental Dysfunction ◽  
First Trimester Of Pregnancy

The endpoint of the negative impact of adverse processes in the mother’s body with influenza is the formation of placental insufficiency, the basis of which is a violation of the uteroplacental blood flow. The objective: to study the features of the course of pregnancy, the state of the fetus and the newborn after the influenza in the first trimester of pregnancy. Materials and methods. 120 women who had the influenza in the first trimester of pregnancy were examined. In 68 (56.7%) pregnant women signs of feto-placental dysfunction were observed, 2 groups were distinguished: the main group - 68 patients with feto-placental dysfunction, the comparison group – 52 pregnant women without signs of feto-placental insufficiency. Results. 3 times more often than women without manifestations of placental insufficiency (42.6% versus 15.4%; p<0.05) a severe course of influenza was observed, it accompanied by a high frequency of clinical manifestations, including in almost all patients (95.6% versus 67.3%; p<0.05), body temperature rose to 38 °C and higher, and in 61.7% of women it stayed for 4–6 days (versus 11.5%; p<0.05). Among the complications of influenza: bronchitis (25.0% versus 9.3%; p<0.05), pneumonia (17.6% versus 5.7%; p<0.05), sinusitis (17.6% versus 7.7%; p<0.05). The threat of abortion was noted in 57.4% of cases, the threat of preterm birth was observed in 39.7% of women. Most often, placental dysfunction was associated with fetal distress (76.5% versus 13.5%; p<0.05) and growth retardation (54.4% versus 3.8%; p<0.05). 32.4% versus 13.5% of women had preeclampsia (p<0.05). The frequency of both polyhydramnios (17.6%) and low water (10.3%) is significantly higher. By cesarean section, 35.3% women were delivered (versus 15.4%, (p<0.05). Delivery was preterm in 17.6% of women versus 7.7% (p<0.05). Premature discharge of amniotic fluid (17.6%) and pathological blood loss during childbirth (16.2%), fetal distress during childbirth (48.5% versus 9.6%; p<0.05) were noted. Maternal placental dysfunction, fetal distress, prematurity (17.6%) and malnutrition (22.1%) led to a high incidence of birth asphyxia (46.5% versus 19.2%, p <0.05). Half (51.5%) of children had disadaptation syndromes, most often neurological disorders (32.4% versus 11.5%; p<0.05) and respiratory disorders (27.9% versus 7.7%; p<0.05). Conclusion. Influenza in early pregnancy with a severe course and a high frequency of complications is associated with a high frequency of feto-placental dysfunction and other obstetric and perinatal complications, which requires a more detailed study to determine risk factors and develop tactics for managing this category of pregnant women. Keywords: pregnancy, influenza, feto-placental dysfunction, obstetric and perinatal complications, newborn.

Progesterone and estrogen are potential mediators of gastric slow-wave dysrhythmias in nausea of pregnancy

1996 ◽  
Vol 270 (3) ◽  
pp. G506-G514 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. W. Walsh ◽  
W. L. Hasler ◽  
C. E. Nugent ◽  
C. Owyang
Keyword(s):  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Slow Wave ◽  
First Trimester ◽  
Additive Effect ◽  
Signal Power ◽  
Recording Time ◽  
Gastric Slow Wave ◽  
Gastric Dysrhythmias ◽  
First Trimester Of Pregnancy ◽  
In Pregnancy

Women in pregnancy experience nausea, which correlates with gastric slow-wave rhythm disruption. Mediators of these dysrhythmias were explored. To quantitate slow-wave disruption, eight pregnant women with first-trimester nausea underwent electrogastrography after a 250-kcal meal. Results were compared with nonpregnant women with nausea during a prior pregnancy who received estradiol and/or progesterone to levels of the first trimester of pregnancy. Five pregnant women exhibited dysrhythmias, with increases in combined recording time in tachygastria plus bradygastria, as well as decreases in the percentage of electrogastrography signal power in the normal 3 cycle/min range (cpm), compared with nonpregnant women (P<0.05). Estradiol did not evoke dysrhythmias in nonpregnant women; however, progesterone induced increases in recording time in bradygastria plus tachygastria and increases in bradygastric signal power with corresponding decreases in signal power in the 3-cpm range (P<0.05). With estradiol and progesterone coadministration, an additive effect was observed at 3.3 +/- 0.8 h, with increased recording time in bradygastria alone and in bradygastria plus tachygastria with corresponding increases in bradygastric signal power and decreases in power in the 3-cpm range (P<0.05). In conclusion, women with nausea of pregnancy exhibit slow-wave rhythm disruption. Similar dysrhythmias are evoked in nonpregnant women by progesterone alone or in combination with estradiol in doses that reproduce levels in pregnancy. Thus gastric dysrhythmias in pregnancy may be due to a combination of elevated progesterone and estrogen levels.

The knowledge of pregnant women on hypertension in pregnancy: descriptive study

2011 ◽  
Vol 5 (6) ◽  
pp. 1463
Author(s):  
Alessandra Nogueira Cabral ◽  
Lilian Márcia Vieira ◽  
Andréa Mathes Faustino ◽  
Paula Elaine Diniz dos Reis
Keyword(s):  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Survey Design ◽  
Health Centre ◽  
First Trimester ◽  
Hypertension In Pregnancy ◽  
Factores De Riesgo ◽  
Distrito Federal ◽  
First Trimester Of Pregnancy ◽  
Las Mujeres ◽  
In Pregnancy

ABSTRACTObjective: to identify the knowledge on hypertension in pregnancy among pregnant women followed up at a primary care unit for prenatal care. Methodology: this is a sectional study, with a survey design, whose population consisted of pregnant women assisted in a Health Centre in the Distrito Federal–DF, Brazil. The selection criteria were: being over 18 years, being in the first trimester of pregnancy, and voluntarily agreeing to participate in the research. After consent, a questionnaire developed by the authors was applied. The study was approved by the Committee of Ethics in Research of the Fundação de Ensino e Pesquisa em Ciências da Saúde, under the Protocol 191/09. The data were analyzed through descriptive statistics. Results: the sample consisted of 30 women, mean age 26 years, most of them housewives. With regard to the knowledge on hypertension in pregnancy, 77.33% had heard about the issue, however, they were not able to identify aspects of prevention, risk factors, and complications of this disease. Conclusion: deficits in knowledge on hypertension in pregnancy is a risk factor of mortality for pregnant women. One expects the data from this study alert health professionals for the approach of the theme during the pre-natal consultations. Descriptors: hypertension in pregnancy; eclampsia; knowledge; pregnant women.RESUMOObjetivo: identificar o conhecimento acerca da hipertensão na gravidez entre gestantes acompanhadas em serviço de saúde primário para pré-natal. Metodologia: trata-se de estudo seccional, do tipo survey, cuja população foi de gestantes atendidas em um Centro de Saúde do Distrito Federal–DF, Brasil. Os critérios de seleção foram: ser maior de 18 anos, estar no primeiro trimestre gestacional e concordar em participar de forma voluntária da pesquisa. Após o consentimento, foi aplicado questionário elaborado pelas autoras. O estudo foi aprovado pelo Comitê de Ética em Pesquisa da Fundação de Ensino e Pesquisa em Ciências da Saúde, sob Protocolo n. 191/09. Os dados foram analisados por meio de estatística descritiva. Resultados: a amostra foi constituída por 30 mulheres, com idade média de 26 anos, sendo a maioria do lar. Acerca do conhecimento sobre hipertensão na gravidez, 77,33% tinham ouvido falar sobre o assunto, contudo, não souberam identificar aspectos de prevenção, fatores de risco e complicações dessa doença. Conclusão: déficits de conhecimento sobre hipertensão na gravidez é um fator de risco de mortalidade para gestantes. Espera-se com os dados deste estudo alertar os profissionais de saúde sobre a abordagem do tema durante as consultas de pré-natal. Descritores: hipertensão gestacional; eclampsia; conhecimento; gestantes.RESUMENObjetivo: identificar los conocimientos sobre la hipertensión en el embarazo entre las mujeres embarazadas acompañadas en el servicio de salud primaria para el prenatal. Metodología: esto es un estudio seccional, del tipo survey, cuya población era de mujeres embarazadas atendidas en un Centro de Salud del Distrito Federal–DF, Brasil. Los criterios de selección fueron: ser mayor de 18 años, estar en el primer trimestre de embarazo y estar de acuerdo en participar en la investigación voluntariamente. Después del consentimiento, fue aplicado un cuestionario elaborado por las autoras. El estudio fue aprobado por el Comité de Ética en Investigación de la Fundação de Ensino e Pesquisa em Ciências da Saúde, con el Protocolo 191/09. Los datos fueron analizados por medio de la estadística descriptiva. Resultados: la muestra estuvo constituida por 30 mujeres, edad media de 26 años, la mayor parte de amas de casa. Acerca del conocimiento sobre la hipertensión en el embarazo, 77,33% había oído hablar del asunto, pero no fueron capazes de identificar aspectos de la prevención, factores de riesgo y las complicaciones de esa enfermedad. Conclusión: déficits en el conocimiento acerca de la hipertensión en el embarazo es un factor de riesgo de mortalidad para mujeres embarazadas. Se espera con los datos de este estudio alertar los profesionales de salud acerca de la abordaje del tema durante las consultas de prenatal. Descriptores: hipertensión en el embarazo; eclampsia; conocimiento; mujeres embarazadas.

scholarly journals Flu and Tdap Maternal Immunization Hesitancy in Times of COVID-19: An Italian Survey on Multiethnic Sample

Vaccines ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (10) ◽  
pp. 1107
Author(s):  
Anna Franca Cavaliere ◽  
Simona Zaami ◽  
Marta Pallottini ◽  
Federica Perelli ◽  
Annalisa Vidiri ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Prenatal Care ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Vaccination Campaign ◽  
First Trimester ◽  
Communicable Diseases ◽  
Vaccine Hesitancy ◽  
Third Trimester ◽  
Maternal Immunization ◽  
First Trimester Of Pregnancy ◽  
In Pregnancy

Background: Tdap and flu immunization in pregnancy has been proven to be both effective and safe. Despite this, the vaccination rate in pregnant women is low in Italy. The COVID-19 pandemic has focused the attention of public opinion on communicable diseases, underlining the importance of primary prevention measures such as vaccination. We conducted a survey to investigate the behavior of pregnant women during the COVID-19 pandemic regarding maternal immunization to identify the reasons for vaccine hesitancy in order to overcome them. The new challenge is COVID-19 vaccination in pregnancy, and preliminary data show hesitancy towards it. Our analysis may be useful to improve immunization in the pregnant population, including through the COVID-19 vaccine. Methods: A targeted survey was performed in Italy including 520 women who experienced in the first trimester of pregnancy, prior to the novel coronavirus spread, the 2019–2020 influenza vaccination campaign and the Tdap vaccine recommendation in the third trimester during the COVID pandemic. They represent a unique model to investigate if the new coronavirus outbreak might have changed attitudes towards vaccination in pregnancy in the same patients. Data were collected from a self-completed paper questionnaire. Descriptive statistics were calculated and percentages were compared using the chi-2 test or Fisher’s exact test. Results: We obtained data from 195 of the 520 women who gave birth during the inclusion period; 325 cases declined to participate in the survey. A total of 8.7% (17 cases) performed flu vaccination in the first trimester of pregnancy (pre-COVID era), 50.8% (99 cases) accepted Tdap immunization during their third trimester of gestation (COVID-19 pandemic) and 6.7% (13 cases) received both vaccines during pregnancy. For both the flu and Tdap shots, pregnant patients were more likely to accept the vaccines if they were recommended by a healthcare provider, whereas the main reason not to be vaccinated was the lack of such a recommendation. Conclusions: Our survey shows that the COVID-19 experience, which has raised awareness as to the role of vaccines in preventable diseases, may positively change attitudes toward immunization in pregnancy. Vaccination must be recommended to all pregnant women and organized during routine prenatal care as an important element for the prevention of communicable diseases. Vaccination hesitancy can be minimized through consistent recommendation to all pregnant women offered by obstetric staff during routine prenatal care. This approach is likely to be effective in terms of building trust in flu and Tdpa immunization among pregnant women, as well as to avoid unjustified hesitancy towards the more recent COVID-19 vaccines.

scholarly journals Risk Factors of Drug-Induced Liver Involvement in First Trimester of Pregnancy

Doctor Ru ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 19 (7) ◽  
pp. 31-36
Author(s):  
L.K. Palgova ◽  
◽  
M.A. Tarasova ◽  
I.V. Borisova ◽  
N.V. Zhestkova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Hormonal Therapy ◽  
First Trimester ◽  
Liver Involvement ◽  
Study Group ◽  
Drug Induced ◽  
Hepatic Involvement ◽  
Somatic Disorders ◽  
First Trimester Of Pregnancy

Study Objective: to identify the risk factors of drug-induced liver involvement in first trimester of pregnancy. Study Design: prospective randomized comparative clinical research. Materials and Methods. At the Scientific Centre of Obstetrics, Gynaecology and Reproductive Medicine named after D.O. Ott, we selected 113 pregnant women in first trimester of pregnancy. The study group included 81 patients with clinical, anamnestic and biochemical signs of drug-induced liver involvement, while the comparison group included 20 pregnant women who took hormonal drugs to prevent or treat habitual miscarriage and who did not have aminotransferases changed; and the control group of 12 healthy women who did not take any hormonal drugs. Diagnosis of hepatic involvement was based on the RUCAM criteria (Roussel Uclaf Causality Assessment Method). We assessed biochemical blood analysis which demonstrated hepatic functional status; ultrasound results for liver and gall bladder; amount and types of drugs used; incidence of background gynaecological and somatic disorders. Study Results: During pregnancy planning, 71.8% of women from the study group were treated with hormonal agents; 49.4% had their present pregnancy after in vitro fertilisation (IVF) and cryoconservation protocol. In addition to hormonal therapy, in first trimester of pregnancy some patients were prescribed antimicrobials and immunoglobulins, more frequently in the study group (31.3% and 34.3%, respectively). Apart from hormonal agents, women in the study group were prescribed 7.7 ± 0.2 medicines on the average vs. 3.8 ± 0.3 medicines in controls. Pregnant women in the study group were treated with hormones for 35 ± 1.7 days vs. 15.8 ± 0.8 days in controls. Conclusion. The following risk factors of drug-induced hepatic involvement in first trimester of pregnancy were identified: hormonal therapy during pregnancy planning and in first trimester of pregnancy; pregnancy after ovulation stimulation and IVF; long-term use (over 4 weeks) of estrogenic and gestagenic drugs; polypragmasy. No correlation was found between somatic disorders and the risk of hepatic involvement. Hepatocellular hepatic involvement prevailed; the incidence of cholestatic and vessel types made 9% and 5%, respectively. Keywords: drug-induced liver involvement, pregnancy, first trimester, oestrogens, gestagens, risk factors.

scholarly journals Safety, pharmacokinetics and efficacy of artemisinins in pregnancy

2011 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Veronica Ades
Keyword(s):  
Combination Therapy ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Animal Studies ◽  
Intermittent Preventive Treatment ◽  
Preventive Treatment ◽  
Pharmacokinetic Profile ◽  
First Trimester ◽  
Current Therapies ◽  
First Trimester Of Pregnancy ◽  
In Pregnancy

<p>Malaria in pregnancy can lead to serious maternal and fetal morbidity and mortality. Access to the most effective antimalarials in pregnancy is essential. Resistance to current therapies is high for all antimalarial therapies except artemisinins. Artemisinin-based combination therapy is current the first line of malaria treatment recommended by the WHO for children, adults and pregnant women in second or third trimester. Due to potential embryotoxicity of artemisinins identified in animal studies, artemisinins are not considered safe for use in first trimester of pregnancy. Artemisinins are more rapidly metabolized in pregnant women, but this does not seem to reduce efficacy. Most studies show very high cure rates for pregnant women. Areas for further research include the safety profile in first trimester of pregnancy, the effect of HIV infection on artemisinin use in pregnancy, the relationship between the pharmacokinetic profile and efficacy, and the use of artemisinin-based combination therapy for intermittent preventive treatment in pregnancy.</p> <p> </p>

scholarly journals Antibiotic Prescriptions among China Ambulatory Care Visits of Pregnant Women: A Nationwide Cross-Sectional Study

Antibiotics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 601
Author(s):  
Houyu Zhao ◽  
Mei Zhang ◽  
Jiaming Bian ◽  
Siyan Zhan
Keyword(s):  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Ambulatory Care ◽  
National Level ◽  
Mainland China ◽  
Antibiotic Use ◽  
First Trimester ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Fetal Safety ◽  
First Trimester Of Pregnancy

Background: Antibiotic use in pregnant women at the national level has rarely been reported in China. Objectives: We aimed to investigate antibiotic prescriptions during pregnancy in ambulatory care settings in China. Methods: Data of 4,574,961 ambulatory care visits of pregnant women from October 2014 to April 2018 were analyzed. Percentages of Antibiotic prescriptions by different subgroups and various diagnosis categories and proportions of inappropriate antibiotic prescriptions for different subgroups were estimated. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) pregnancy categories were used to describe the antibiotic prescription patterns. The 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were estimated using the Clopper––Pearson method or Goodman method. Results: Among the 4,574,961 outpatient visits during pregnancy, 2.0% (92,514 visits; 95% CI, 2.0–2.0%) were prescribed at least one antibiotic. The percentage of antibiotic prescriptions for pregnant women aged >40 years was 4.9% (95% CI, 4.7–5.0%), whereas that for pregnant women aged 26–30 years was 1.5% (95% CI, 1.4–1.5%). In addition, percentages of antibiotic prescriptions varied among different trimesters of pregnancy, which were 5.4% (95% CI, 5.3–5.4%) for the visits in the first trimester of pregnancy and 0.5% (95% CI, 0.4–0.5%) in the third trimester of pregnancy. Furthermore, the percentages of antibiotic prescriptions substantially varied among different diagnosis categories and nearly three-quarters of antibiotic prescriptions had no clear indications and thus might be inappropriate. In total, 130,308 individual antibiotics were prescribed; among these, 60.4% (95% CI, 60.0–60.8%) belonged to FDA category B, 2.7% (95% CI, 2.1–3.5%) were classified as FDA category D and 16.8% (95% CI, 16.2–17.4%) were not assigned any FDA pregnancy category. Conclusions: Antibiotic prescriptions in ambulatory care during pregnancy were not highly prevalent in mainland China. However, a substantial proportion of antibiotics might have been prescribed without adequate indications. Antibiotics whose fetal safety has not been sufficiently illustrated were widely used in pregnant women.

scholarly journals Axial torsion of Meckel’s diverticulum causing acute peritonitis in the first trimester of pregnancy: a case report

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hiromitsu Nagata ◽  
Hiroyasu Nishizawa ◽  
Susumu Mashima ◽  
Yasuyuki Shimahara
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Diagnosis ◽  
Meckel’S Diverticulum ◽  
Ileocecal Valve ◽  
First Trimester ◽  
Meckel's Diverticulum ◽  
Ileocecal Resection ◽  
Bowel Loop ◽  
Axial Torsion ◽  
First Trimester Of Pregnancy ◽  
In Pregnancy

Abstract Background Meckel’s diverticulum is considered the most prevalent congenital anomaly of the gastrointestinal tract. Approximately 4% of patients are symptomatic with complications such as bleeding, intestinal obstruction, and inflammation, while axial torsion of Meckel’s diverticulum is rare, particularly in pregnancy. Case presentation A 31-year-old woman in week 15 of pregnancy complained of epigastric pain, nausea and vomiting. Clinical diagnosis was severe hyperemesis gravidarum. Because the symptoms persisted during hospitalization, CT was performed and revealed dilated small bowel loops with multiple air-fluid levels. In the right mid-abdomen, there was a large part of air containing a cavity connected to the small intestine, which was considered a dilated bowel loop. Emergency laparotomy was performed and axial torsion of a large Meckel’s diverticulum measuring 11 cm was found at a few centimeters proximal to the ileocecal valve. Ileocecal resection including Meckel’s diverticulum was performed. The postoperative course was uneventful. At 40 weeks gestation, she had vaginal delivery of normal baby. Conclusion The physiological and anatomical changes in pregnancy can make a straightforward clinical diagnosis difficult. Prompt diagnosis and management were needed in order to avoid significant maternal and fetal risks. The use of imaging examinations, especially CT examination, with proper timing may be helpful to prevent delay in diagnosis and surgical intervention. Here, we report the case of a patient with axial torsion of Meckel’s diverticulum in pregnancy. To our knowledge, axial torsion of Meckel’s diverticulum in the first trimester of pregnancy has not been reported in the English medical literature.

scholarly journals Adequacy and Sources of Protein Intake among Pregnant Women in the United States, NHANES 2003–2012

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 795
Author(s):  
Mary M. Murphy ◽  
Kelly A. Higgins ◽  
Xiaoyu Bi ◽  
Leila M. Barraj
Keyword(s):  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Protein Intake ◽  
First Trimester ◽  
The United States ◽  
Limited Information ◽  
Health And Nutrition ◽  
Animal Source ◽  
Usual Intake ◽  
First Trimester Of Pregnancy ◽  
Using Data

Limited information is available on protein intake and adequacy of protein intake among pregnant women. Using data from a sample of 528 pregnant women in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys (NHANES) 2003–2012, usual intake of protein (g/day and g/kg body weight (bw)/day) and prevalence of intake below the Estimated Average Requirement (EAR) by trimester of pregnancy were calculated using the National Cancer Institute method. Percent contributions to protein intake by source (i.e., plant and animal, including type of animal source) were also calculated. Mean usual intake of protein was 88 ± 4.3, 82 ± 3.1, and 82 ± 2.9 g/day among women in trimester 1, 2, and 3 of pregnancy, respectively, or 1.30 ± 0.10, 1.35 ± 0.06, and 1.35 ± 0.05 g/kg bw/day, respectively. An estimated 4.5% of women in the first trimester of pregnancy consumed less protein than the EAR of 0.66 g/kg bw/day; among women in the second and third trimesters of pregnancy, 12.1% and 12.8% of women, respectively, consumed less protein than the EAR of 0.88 g/kg bw/day. Animal sources of protein accounted for approximately 66% of total protein. Findings from this study show that one in eight women in the second and third trimesters of pregnancy have inadequate intake of protein. Pregnant women should be encouraged to consume sufficient levels of protein from a variety of sources.

AYURVEDIC MANAGEMENT OF GARBHINI CHARDI (Emesis Gravidarum) WITH CHATURJATA CHOORNA (CHATURJATA POWDER) - A PILOT STUDY

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (9) ◽  
pp. 4317-4323
Author(s):  
Priyanka 1 ◽  
Shreyes. S ◽  
Yogitha Bali M.R
Keyword(s):  
Pilot Study ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
First Trimester ◽  
Nausea And Vomiting ◽  
Morning Sickness ◽  
Excessive Salivation ◽  
First Trimester Of Pregnancy ◽  
Rice Water ◽  
Single Blind

Background: During pregnancy many demands are made by growing fetus, to meet these requirements maternal system has to undergo certain changes. Garbhinichardi (Emesis Gravidarum) is one among them and this has been termed as Gruhita Garbha Lakshanas (Immediate signs of conception) in Ayurvedic clas-sics. Approximately 80 % of pregnant women experience excessive salivation, nausea and vomiting during pregnancy, commonly known as “morning sickness”, which is seen frequently throughout the day. Design: This is single blind pilot study. 30 patients with complaints of Garbhinichardi (Emesis Gravidarum) in first trimester were included in this study. Patients were given Chaturjatachurna (Chatutjata powder)for a peri-od of 2 weeks in dose of 3gms thrice a day after meal with Anupana (Adjuvant) as Madhu (honey) of 5ml mixed with Tandulodaka (Raw rice water) Results: This pilot study showed statistically significant changes with Chaturjatachurna in reducing the complaints of pregnant women such as nausea (p<0.001), vomiting (p<0.001) and Aruchi (Anorexia) (p<0.001) in their first trimester of pregnancy. Conclusion: Chaturjata-churna was effective in the management of Garbhini Chardi (Emesis Gravidarum) and other symptoms in the first trimester of pregnancy.

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