Tactics of observation and treatment of patients with foreign bodies of the gastrointestinal tract

1980 ◽  
Vol 61 (5) ◽  
pp. 10-12
Author(s):  
R. Sh. Shaimardanov ◽  
V. N. Korobkov
Keyword(s):  
Gastrointestinal Tract ◽  
Foreign Bodies ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Practical Recommendations

The experience of treating 26 patients with different types of foreign bodies of the gastrointestinal tract is generalized. A classification of foreign bodies is proposed, taking into account clinical manifestations. Practical recommendations have been developed according to the proposed classification.

scholarly journals Surgical treatment of children with complications of foreign bodies of the gastrointestinal tract

2021 ◽  
pp. 221-225
Author(s):  
Yu. Yu. Sokolov ◽  
S. A. Korovin ◽  
D. V. Donskoy ◽  
G. T. Tumanyan ◽  
A. V. Dzyadchik
Keyword(s):  
Surgical Treatment ◽  
Gastrointestinal Tract ◽  
Foreign Bodies ◽  
Surgical Intervention ◽  
Clinical Stage ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Clinical Stages ◽  
Complicated Course ◽  
Laparoscopic Techniques ◽  
Instrumental Methods

Introduction. At the present time the expansion of the spectrum of urgent diseases of the abdominal cavity organs is registered due to the patients with complications of foreign bodies of the gastrointestinal tract. Development of rational treatment-diag nostic algorithm will promote to improve the results of surgical treatment of children with complications of foreign bodies of gastrointestinal tract.Aim. To determine the efficacy of laparoscopic techniques in children with complications of foreign bodies of the gastrointestinal tract..Materials and methods. 38 children with foreign bodies of the gastrointestinal tract of different characteristics, which required surgical treatment, were included in the study.Results and discussion. On the basis of analysis of clinical and medical history data, results of instrumental methods of preoperative diagnostics and laparoscopy three clinical stages of the disease were distinguished. Statistically reliable differences of the presented indicators in different terms of the disease were proved. Surgical intervention involved laparoscopy, during which the volume of surgical intervention was specified. Laparoscopic techniques were effective in the groups of patients with I, II and III stages of the disease in 100, 46 and 20% of observations, respectively.Conclusions. Clinical manifestations in complications of foreign bodies of the gastrointestinal tract are determined by the characteristics of the latter and the clinical stage of the disease. Laparoscopic techniques can be effective at initial stages of the disease. At a complicated course of the disease the required volume of surgical intervention can be performed during laparotomy. The variety of clinical manifestations of foreign bodies of the gastrointestinal tract complications is determined by the characteristics of the damaging agents and the clinical stage of the disease. Laparoscopic techniques of surgical treatment may be a priority in the absence of a complicated course of the disease; in late stages of the disease laparotomy is the operation of choice.Conclusion. Analysis of treatment results of children with complications of FBs of GIT revealed statistically significant differences in some clinical and anamnestic data, results of instrumental methods of preoperative diagnosis and intraoperative manifestations, which allowed us to define three clinical stages of the disease.

scholarly journals COURSE OF THREATENED ABORTION IN CHRONIC GASTRITIS OF DIFFERENT TYPES

2020 ◽  
Vol 115 (1) ◽  
pp. 53-62
Author(s):  
Nadiia Zherebak ◽  
Olena Gnatko
Keyword(s):  
Gastrointestinal Tract ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Chronic Gastritis ◽  
Clinical Course ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Gastrointestinal Disorders ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Threatened Abortion ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Group 1

Abortion is one of the most important medical and social problems in the world. Functional and morphological sexual changes associated with the normal fetal growth and development during physiological pregnancy involve other maternal organs and systems to varying extent, and provide changes in metabolic and homeostasis processes in new conditions to preserve pregnancy. Gastrointestinal motility disorders can be a leading pathogenetic factor that contributes to the development of many common gastrointestinal disorders. During pregnancy, decreased intestinal motility may play a pathogenetic role in pregnancy as a factor leading to decreased intestinal motor and evacuation function and negative impact on pregnancy. The aim of the study was to determine the clinical course of threatened abortion in early gestation in women with different types of chronic gastritis to optimize the management of pregnancy. 67 pregnant women with threatened abortion at 8-12 weeks of gestation were examined. They were divided into 2 groups: Group 1 - 35(52.2%) women with chronic gastritis and Group 2 - 32(47.8%) patients without gastritis. At the beginning of pregnancy, all women with chronic gastritis had remission. A comparative assessment of the frequency and severity of manifestations of this complication at an early stage on the leading clinical signs: pain, bleeding, retrochorial hematoma in combination with major (vomiting, constipation) motor-evacuation function of the gastrointestinal tract in different types of gastritis was performed to determine the role of motor and evacuation function of the gastrointestinal tract in the development of the risk of abortion in pregnant women with gastritis. The type of gastritis was confirmed according to the level of basal secretion of serum gastrin 17 (G-17) with the stimulation test. The obtained results were processed by mathematical and statistical analysis methods with determination of average values ​​(M±m), Student's test and confidence index (statistically significant difference was considered as р˂0,05). Results. All women were of reproductive age, the average age of pregnant women in groups had no statistical difference. Analysis of the frequency of clinical manifestations of threatened abortion showed that 35(100%) had pain symptoms, 30(85.7%) had bloody discharge and 10(28.6%) had retrochorial hematoma in Group 1, and 32(100%), 12(37.5%), 5(15.6%), respectively, in Group 2. Assessment of the intensity of threatened abortion symptoms showed that moderate pain was most often observed in all types of gastritis. Mild symptoms were in normoacidic women of Group 1 (11.4%) and Group 2 (9.4%). 2.9% of hyperacidic pregnant women in Group 1 and 3.1% of hypoacidic women in Group 2 reported severe pain. Analysis of the bleeding nature and intensity showed that women in Group 1 with all types of gastritis had spotting: 11.4% of hyperacidic type, 20.0% of normoacidic type and 11.4% of hypoacidic type. Moderate bleeding was observed in different types of chronic gastritis in pregnant women of Group 1 and various acidic conditions in Group 2. Moderate bleeding was significantly more common (7.4-fold) in hyperacidic pregnant women of Group 1 compared with Group 2. Retrochorial hematomas were registered in Group 1 as 14.3% in hyperacidic patients, 5.7% in normoacidic patients and 8.6% in hypoacidic women. Retrochorial hematomas were 2.5-fold more common in hyperacidic gastritis compared with normoacidic and 1.7-fold more common in hypoacidic gastritis. Estimation of the frequency of combined clinical manifestations of functional gastrointestinal diseases in pregnant women with threatened abortion showed that the manifestations of threatened abortion only were observed in 65.6% without gastritis, and only in 5.7% with gastritis. Different variants of combined clinical manifestations of gastrointestinal functional disorders and threatened abortion significantly prevailed in women with chronic gastritis: threatened abortion and vomiting were 3-fold more common, threatened abortion and vomiting and constipation - 4.3-fold, threatened abortion and constipation - 1.6-fold. The combination of threatened abortion and vomiting with various acidity was most common in hyperacidic condition (2,7-fold more common in Group 1 than in Group 2). The variant of the combination of threatened abortion, vomiting and constipation in hyperacid state was 3.6 times more common in Group 1 than in Group 2. Threatened abortion with constipation was registered in 17.1% of women in Group 1 with hyperacidity, which was 2.7 times more often than in women of Group 2. The most common clinical manifestations of threatened abortion and functional gastrointestinal disorders were seen in pregnant women with chronic hyperacidic gastritis. Conclusion. Dysfunction of the motor and evacuation gastrointestinal activity is important in the clinical course of threatened abortion based on the type of chronic gastritis, mediated by the different acid-producing gastric function which indicates the need to optimize treatment of threatened abortion in pregnant women with different types of chronic gastritis.

A patient with a foreign body in the large intestine – a case report

Nowa Medycyna ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 26 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Paweł Siekierski ◽  
Waldemar Kiereś ◽  
Przemysław Ciesielski
Keyword(s):  
Gastrointestinal Tract ◽  
Foreign Body ◽  
Foreign Bodies ◽  
Sexual Practices ◽  
Abdominal Pressure ◽  
Surgical Interventions ◽  
Rectal Foreign Bodies ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Foreign Body Impaction ◽  
Sexual Play

Cases of patients with foreign bodies impacted in the terminal part of the gastrointestinal tract are rarely encountered in everyday surgical practice. Injuries and sexual practices are the most common aetiology of foreign body impaction in the lower gastrointestinal tract. Different types of surgical interventions are often needed in patients with anal or rectal foreign bodies. We describe a case of a 45-year-old patient who reported to hospital with the symptoms of low gastrointestinal obstruction. The man introduced a large foreign body into his anus during sexual play and was unable to remove it by himself. An attempt to remove the foreign body through the perineal access was made, but was unsuccessful due to the size of the impacted object. The patient was qualified for surgical treatment. Laparotomy was performed, and the foreign body was removed by a simultaneous use of abdominal pressure and extraction from the anal canal.

Dual stain kit for the microscopic gram classification of ocular infection bacteria

1993 ◽  
Vol 51 ◽  
pp. 248-249
Author(s):  
Jacob S. Hanker ◽  
Dale N. Holdren ◽  
Kenneth L. Cohen ◽  
Beverly L. Giammara
Keyword(s):  
Contact Lenses ◽  
Ocular Infection ◽  
Gram Negative Bacteria ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Gram Staining ◽  
Ocular Infections ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Culture Positive ◽  
Increased Susceptibility

Keratitis and conjunctivitis (infections of the cornea or conjunctiva) are ocular infections caused by various bacteria, fungi, viruses or parasites; bacteria, however, are usually prominent. Systemic conditions such as alcoholism, diabetes, debilitating disease, AIDS and immunosuppressive therapy can lead to increased susceptibility but trauma and contact lens use are very important factors. Gram-negative bacteria are most frequently cultured in these situations and Pseudomonas aeruginosa is most usually isolated from culture-positive ulcers of patients using contact lenses. Smears for staining can be obtained with a special swab or spatula and Gram staining frequently guides choice of a therapeutic rinse prior to the report of the culture results upon which specific antibiotic therapy is based. In some cases staining of the direct smear may be diagnostic in situations where the culture will not grow. In these cases different types of stains occasionally assist in guiding therapy.

Explanatory Power for Medical Expert Systems: Studies in the Representation of Causal Relationships for Clinical Consultations

1982 ◽  
Vol 21 (03) ◽  
pp. 127-136 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. W. Wallis ◽  
E. H. Shortliffe
Keyword(s):  
Explanatory Power ◽  
Prototype System ◽  
Inference Rules ◽  
Medical Expert ◽  
Comprehensive Knowledge ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Medical Expert Systems ◽  
Explanation System ◽  
Systems Studies

This paper reports on experiments designed to identify and implement mechanisms for enhancing the explanation capabilities of reasoning programs for medical consultation. The goals of an explanation system are discussed, as is the additional knowledge needed to meet these goals in a medical domain. We have focussed on the generation of explanations that are appropriate for different types of system users. This task requires a knowledge of what is complex and what is important; it is further strengthened by a classification of the associations or causal mechanisms inherent in the inference rules. A causal representation can also be used to aid in refining a comprehensive knowledge base so that the reasoning and explanations are more adequate. We describe a prototype system which reasons from causal inference rules and generates explanations that are appropriate for the user.

Use of photodynamic therapy for photodamage skin (review of literature)

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (7) ◽  
pp. 19-23
Author(s):  
S. I. Surkichin ◽  
N. V. Gryazeva ◽  
L. S. Kholupova ◽  
N. V. Bochkova
Keyword(s):  
Photodynamic Therapy ◽  
Comparative Evaluation ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Light Sources ◽  
Review Of Literature ◽  
Photosensitizing Agents ◽  
Selection Of

The article provides an overview of the use of photodynamic therapy for photodamage of the skin. The causes, pathogenesis and clinical manifestations of skin photodamage are considered. The definition, principle of action of photodynamic therapy, including the sources of light used, the classification of photosensitizers and their main characteristics are given. Analyzed studies that show the effectiveness and comparative evaluation in the selection of various light sources and photosensitizing agents for photodynamic therapy in patients with clinical manifestations of photodamage.

Probabilistic Assessment of Reliability and Risk Values by Certification Results

2020 ◽  
pp. 52-67
Author(s):  
Vladimir A. Lapin ◽  
Erken S. Aldakhov ◽  
S. D. Aldakhov ◽  
A. B. Ali
Keyword(s):  
Seismic Risk ◽  
Housing Stock ◽  
Seismic Resistance ◽  
Probabilistic Assessment ◽  
Quantitative Estimates ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Reduce Risk ◽  
First Time ◽  
Structural Solutions ◽  
Practical Recommendations

For the first time in Almaty full passport of apartment stock of multiapartment building was carried out. The structure of the housing stock was revealed with the allocation of groups of buildings according to structural solutions and assessment of their seismic resistance. Based on the results of certification, quantitative estimates of failure probability values for different types of buildings were obtained. Formulas for estimation of quantitative value of seismic risk are obtained. The number of deaths in the estimated zem-shakes was estimated. The results of the assessments will be used for practical recommendations to reduce risk and expected losses in possible earthquakes.

scholarly journals The Role of JAK/STAT Molecular Pathway in Vascular Remodeling Associated with Pulmonary Hypertension

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (9) ◽  
pp. 4980
Author(s):  
Inés Roger ◽  
Javier Milara ◽  
Paula Montero ◽  
Julio Cortijo
Keyword(s):  
Pulmonary Hypertension ◽  
Smooth Muscle ◽  
Pulmonary Artery ◽  
Vascular Remodeling ◽  
Pulmonary Arteries ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Artery Remodeling ◽  
Stat Pathway ◽  
Pulmonary Artery Remodeling

Pulmonary hypertension is defined as a group of diseases characterized by a progressive increase in pulmonary vascular resistance (PVR), which leads to right ventricular failure and premature death. There are multiple clinical manifestations that can be grouped into five different types. Pulmonary artery remodeling is a common feature in pulmonary hypertension (PH) characterized by endothelial dysfunction and smooth muscle pulmonary artery cell proliferation. The current treatments for PH are limited to vasodilatory agents that do not stop the progression of the disease. Therefore, there is a need for new agents that inhibit pulmonary artery remodeling targeting the main genetic, molecular, and cellular processes involved in PH. Chronic inflammation contributes to pulmonary artery remodeling and PH, among other vascular disorders, and many inflammatory mediators signal through the JAK/STAT pathway. Recent evidence indicates that the JAK/STAT pathway is overactivated in the pulmonary arteries of patients with PH of different types. In addition, different profibrotic cytokines such as IL-6, IL-13, and IL-11 and growth factors such as PDGF, VEGF, and TGFβ1 are activators of the JAK/STAT pathway and inducers of pulmonary remodeling, thus participating in the development of PH. The understanding of the participation and modulation of the JAK/STAT pathway in PH could be an attractive strategy for developing future treatments. There have been no studies to date focused on the JAK/STAT pathway and PH. In this review, we focus on the analysis of the expression and distribution of different JAK/STAT isoforms in the pulmonary arteries of patients with different types of PH. Furthermore, molecular canonical and noncanonical JAK/STAT pathway transactivation will be discussed in the context of vascular remodeling and PH. The consequences of JAK/STAT activation for endothelial cells and pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells’ proliferation, migration, senescence, and transformation into mesenchymal/myofibroblast cells will be described and discussed, together with different promising drugs targeting the JAK/STAT pathway in vitro and in vivo.

scholarly journals Deep Learning Methods for Classification of Certain Abnormalities in Echocardiography

Electronics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 495
Author(s):  
Imayanmosha Wahlang ◽  
Arnab Kumar Maji ◽  
Goutam Saha ◽  
Prasun Chakrabarti ◽  
Michal Jasinski ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Deep Learning ◽  
Short Term Memory ◽  
Support Vector ◽  
Variational Autoencoder ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Static Images ◽  
Long Short Term Memory ◽  
2D And 3D ◽  
Better Than

This article experiments with deep learning methodologies in echocardiogram (echo), a promising and vigorously researched technique in the preponderance field. This paper involves two different kinds of classification in the echo. Firstly, classification into normal (absence of abnormalities) or abnormal (presence of abnormalities) has been done, using 2D echo images, 3D Doppler images, and videographic images. Secondly, based on different types of regurgitation, namely, Mitral Regurgitation (MR), Aortic Regurgitation (AR), Tricuspid Regurgitation (TR), and a combination of the three types of regurgitation are classified using videographic echo images. Two deep-learning methodologies are used for these purposes, a Recurrent Neural Network (RNN) based methodology (Long Short Term Memory (LSTM)) and an Autoencoder based methodology (Variational AutoEncoder (VAE)). The use of videographic images distinguished this work from the existing work using SVM (Support Vector Machine) and also application of deep-learning methodologies is the first of many in this particular field. It was found that deep-learning methodologies perform better than SVM methodology in normal or abnormal classification. Overall, VAE performs better in 2D and 3D Doppler images (static images) while LSTM performs better in the case of videographic images.

scholarly journals Preventing corneal blindness caused by keratitis using artificial intelligence

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhongwen Li ◽  
Jiewei Jiang ◽  
Kuan Chen ◽  
Qianqian Chen ◽  
Qinxiang Zheng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Early Diagnosis ◽  
Vision Loss ◽  
Learning System ◽  
Automated Classification ◽  
Slit Lamp ◽  
Resource Limited ◽  
The World ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Corneal Blindness

AbstractKeratitis is the main cause of corneal blindness worldwide. Most vision loss caused by keratitis can be avoidable via early detection and treatment. The diagnosis of keratitis often requires skilled ophthalmologists. However, the world is short of ophthalmologists, especially in resource-limited settings, making the early diagnosis of keratitis challenging. Here, we develop a deep learning system for the automated classification of keratitis, other cornea abnormalities, and normal cornea based on 6,567 slit-lamp images. Our system exhibits remarkable performance in cornea images captured by the different types of digital slit lamp cameras and a smartphone with the super macro mode (all AUCs>0.96). The comparable sensitivity and specificity in keratitis detection are observed between the system and experienced cornea specialists. Our system has the potential to be applied to both digital slit lamp cameras and smartphones to promote the early diagnosis and treatment of keratitis, preventing the corneal blindness caused by keratitis.

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