scholarly journals Phage sensitivity profiles of a nasopharyngeal opportunistic pathogen in Streptococcus pneumoniae carrier children with recurrent respiratory infections

2020 ◽  
Vol 101 (3) ◽  
pp. 330-336
Author(s):  
L T Bayazitova ◽  
O F Tupkina ◽  
T A Chazova ◽  
N S Konyshev ◽  
K N Syuzev ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Streptococcus Pneumoniae ◽  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Respiratory Infections ◽  
Opportunistic Pathogen ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Candida Spp ◽  
Microbial Identification ◽  
Phage Titer ◽  
Recurrent Respiratory Infections ◽  
Staphylococcus Spp

Aim. To study the nature of microbiota and estimating the susceptibility to antibiotics and bacteriophages of conditionally pathogenic microflora of the nasopharynx in children-pneumococcal carriers with recurrent respiratory infections. Methods. Researching microflora was conducted in 182 pneumococcal carriers receiving help in Kazan Scientific and Research Institute of Epidemiology and Microbiology. Microbial identification, testing of susceptibility to antibiotics and bacteriophages was carried out following the regulatory documentation. Bacterial isolates were confirmed by mass spectrometry. The phage titer was determined by the method of agar layers according to Grazia. Results. Nasopharyngeal S. pneumoniae species was presented by Staphylococcus spp., Moraxella spp., Haemophilus spp., Corynebacterium spp., Klebsiella spp and Candida spp. The antimicrobial resistance profiles of Streptococcus pneumoniae: resistant to oxacillin was detected in 20.7% of strains, to erythromycin in 45.9%, to clindamycin in 20%, to trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole in 18.4%. 19.6% of isolates were multidrug-resistant (MDR, resistant to 3 or more antimicrobial agents). Phage susceptibility test of S. pneumoniaе showed that 97.2% of isolates were resistant to streptococcal bacteriophage, 75% to pyobacteriophage. All antibiotic-resistant strains remained susceptible to Streptococcus phages. The phage titer of Klebsiella in agreement with Grazia method of Kl. pneumoniae ranged from 9106 to 5105 PFU/mL. The ranking results of activities of antistaphylococcal antibiotics (effectiveness descending): fusidic acid mupirocin chloramphenicol cyprofloxacin erythromycin. Conclusion. Nasopharyngeal microbiota of pneumococci carriers children is represented by a variable polymicrobial association; nasopharyngeal strains are effectively lysed by bacteriophages; mono- and polyvalent bacteriophages can be used as an alternative to antibacterial treatment in Streptococcus pneumoniae carriers children with recurrent respiratory infections.

Streptococcus pneumoniae: An Update on Resistance Patterns in the United States

2008 ◽  
Vol 21 (5) ◽  
pp. 363-370 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jessica A. Starr ◽  
Georgia W. Fox ◽  
Jennifer K. Clayton
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Streptococcus Pneumoniae ◽  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Respiratory Infections ◽  
Tetracycline Resistance ◽  
The United States ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Beta Lactam ◽  
Resistance Patterns ◽  
Surveillance Programs

Streptococcus pneumoniae represents an important pathogen in numerous community-acquired respiratory infections. Penicillin resistance to Streptococcus pneumoniae in the United States has approached 35%. Additionally, there has been a significant increase in Streptococcus pneumoniae resistance among many other antimicrobial agents such as cephalosporins, macrolides, trimethoprim–sulfamethoxazole, clindamycin, tetracyclines, and chloramphenicol. Several nationwide surveillance programs have been implemented to quantify the prevalence of Streptococcus pneumoniae resistance in the United States. Overall, beta-lactam, macrolide, trimethoprim–sulfamethoxazole, and tetracycline resistance has increased over the past decade while later generation fluoroquinolones (levofloxacin and moxifloxacin) resistance has remained low. Controlling the spread of resistant pneumococcal isolates and preventing the development of both fluoroquinolone and multidrug resistant isolates will require a multidisciplinary approach involving physicians, pharmacists, microbiologists, and epidemiologists.

scholarly journals Need for Annual Surveillance of Antimicrobial Resistance in Streptococcus pneumoniae in the United States: 2-Year Longitudinal Analysis

2001 ◽  
Vol 45 (4) ◽  
pp. 1037-1042 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel F. Sahm ◽  
James A. Karlowsky ◽  
Laurie J. Kelly ◽  
Ian A. Critchley ◽  
Mark E. Jones ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Streptococcus Pneumoniae ◽  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
The United States ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Fluoroquinolone Resistance ◽  
Resistance Patterns ◽  
Changing Patterns ◽  
Resistance To Penicillin

ABSTRACT Although changing patterns in antimicrobial resistance inStreptococcus pneumoniae have prompted several surveillance initiatives in recent years, the frequency with which these studies are needed has not been addressed. To approach this issue, the extent to which resistance patterns change over a 1-year period was examined. In this study we analyzed S. pneumoniaeantimicrobial susceptibility results produced in our laboratory with isolates obtained over 2 consecutive years (1997–1998 and 1998–1999) from the same 96 institutions distributed throughout the United States. Comparison of results revealed increases in resistant percentages for all antimicrobial agents studied except vancomycin. For four of the agents tested (penicillin, cefuroxime, trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, and levofloxacin), the increases were statistically significant (P < 0.05). Resistance to the fluoroquinolone remained low in both years (0.1 and 0.6%, respectively); in contrast, resistance to macrolides was consistently greater than 20%, and resistance to trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole increased from 13.3 to 27.3%. Multidrug resistance, concurrent resistance to three or more antimicrobials of different chemical classes, also increased significantly between years, from 5.9 to 11%. The most prevalent phenotype was resistance to penicillin, azithromycin (representative macrolide), and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole. Multidrug-resistant phenotypes that included fluoroquinolone resistance were uncommon; however, two phenotypes that included fluoroquinolone resistance not found in 1997–1998 were encountered in 1998–1999. This longitudinal surveillance study of resistance inS. pneumoniae revealed that significant changes do occur in just a single year and supports the need for surveillance at least on an annual basis, if not continuously.

scholarly journals Strain diversity and antibiotic-sensitivity of staphylococcus spp. Isolates from patients of multiprofile pediatric hospital in St. Petersburg, Russia

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 15-25
Author(s):  
D. P. Gladin ◽  
A. R. Khairullina ◽  
A. M. Korolyuk ◽  
N. S. Kozlova ◽  
O. V. Ananyeva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Antibiotic Sensitivity ◽  
Specific Weight ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Therapeutic Effects ◽  
Antimicrobial Drugs ◽  
Antibiotic Resistant ◽  
Resistant Strains ◽  
Staphylococcus Spp

Background. Staphylocci are the leading pus-forming Gram-positive bacteria in the childrens hospitals. The prevalence of the antibiotic resistant strains among them limits therapeutic effects of infections in children. Aim. The research is aimed at characterizing the species of staphylococcus, which are isolated from the different clinical specimens of the patients at the clinics of Saint Petersburg State Pediatric Medical University in 2019, and analysis of their susceptibility to antimicrobial agents. Materials and metods. According to the clinical recommendations of 2018, susceptibility to antimicrobial drugs (AMD) was revealed in 860 strains of staphylococci determined by the disc diffusion method, which were identified by the automated analyser Vitek-2 compact. Results. Six species of staphylococci were represented at the hospital departments, among which Staphylococcus epidermidis prevailed in the departments of the neonate pathology department and intensive care units (63.0% and 46.2% respectively), Staphylococcus aureus is commonly found at the departments of surgery and the departments of the therapeutic profiles (61.7% and 46.2% respectively). More than a half of the staphylococci strains (63.0%) were resistant to at least one of the antimicrobial drugs. Vancomycin and line solid showed the highest activity to these staphylococci. High specific weight of multidrug resistant (MDR) bacteria (37.8%) and extensively drug resistant (XDR) strains of the phenotype (33.0%) was revealed. The level of antibiotic resistant strains was the highest in Staphylococcus haemolyticus (98.1%) and S. epidermidis (82.0%), while the specific weight of the resistant ones, MDR and XDR strains was extremely low among S. aureus (16.2%, 1.5% and 0.4 respectively), as well as in methicillin-resistant isolates (0.8%). Conclusions. A great variety of antibiotic resistance was revealed among the staphylococci. The prevalence of these strains in the pediatric hospitals requires constant local monitoring of the antibiotic resistant staphylococci.

scholarly journals Synergism of a Novel 1,2,4-oxadiazole-containing Derivative with Oxacillin against Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus

Antibiotics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. 1258
Author(s):  
Elisabetta Buommino ◽  
Simona De Marino ◽  
Martina Sciarretta ◽  
Marialuisa Piccolo ◽  
Carmen Festa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Therapeutic Potential ◽  
Opportunistic Pathogen ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
New Drugs ◽  
Vast Number ◽  
Methicillin Resistant ◽  
Inappropriate Use ◽  
Expression Of Genes ◽  
Index Value

Staphylococcusaureus is an important opportunistic pathogen that causes many infections in humans and animals. The inappropriate use of antibiotics has favored the diffusion of methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA), nullifying the efforts undertaken in the discovery of antimicrobial agents. Oxadiazole heterocycles represent privileged scaffolds for the development of new drugs because of their unique bioisosteric properties, easy synthesis, and therapeutic potential. A vast number of oxadiazole-containing derivatives have been discovered as potent antibacterial agents against multidrug-resistant MRSA strains. Here, we investigate the ability of a new library of oxadiazoles to contrast the growth of Gram-positive and Gram-negative strains. The strongest antimicrobial activity was obtained with compounds 3 (4 µM) and 12 (2 µM). Compound 12, selected for further evaluation, was found to be noncytotoxic on the HaCaT cell line up to 25 µM, bactericidal, and was able to improve the activity of oxacillin against the MRSA. The highest synergistic interaction was obtained with the combination values of 0.78 μM for compound 12, and 0.06 μg/mL for oxacillin. The FIC index value of 0.396 confirms the synergistic effect of compound 12 and oxacillin. MRSA treatment with compound 12 reduced the expression of genes included in the mec operon. In conclusion, 12 inhibited the growth of the MRSA and restored the activity of oxacillin, thus resulting in a promising compound in the treatment of MRSA infection.

scholarly journals Nasal Carriage in Vietnamese Children of Streptococcus pneumoniae Resistant to Multiple Antimicrobial Agents

2000 ◽  
Vol 44 (3) ◽  
pp. 484-488 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher M. Parry ◽  
To Song Diep ◽  
John Wain ◽  
Nguyen Thi Tuyet Hoa ◽  
Mary Gainsborough ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Streptococcus Pneumoniae ◽  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Nasal Carriage ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Penicillin Resistance ◽  
Rural Children ◽  
Asian Countries ◽  
Pneumococcal Carriage ◽  
Resistance To Penicillin ◽  
A Prospective Study

ABSTRACT Resistance to antimicrobial agents in Streptococcus pneumoniae is increasing rapidly in many Asian countries. There is little recent information concerning resistance levels in Vietnam. A prospective study of pneumococcal carriage in 911 urban and rural Vietnamese children, of whom 44% were nasal carriers, was performed. Carriage was more common in children <5 years old than in those ≥5 years old (192 of 389 [49.4%] versus 212 of 522 [40.6%]; P, 0.01). A total of 136 of 399 isolates (34%) had intermediate susceptibility to penicillin (MIC, 0.1 to 1 mg/liter), and 76 of 399 isolates (19%) showed resistance (MIC, >1.0 mg/liter). A total of 54 of 399 isolates (13%) had intermediate susceptibility to ceftriaxone, and 3 of 399 isolates (1%) were resistant. Penicillin resistance was 21.7 (95% confidence interval, 7.0 to 67.6) times more common in urban than in rural children (35 versus 2%; P, <0.001). More than 40% of isolates from urban children were also resistant to erythromycin, trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, chloramphenicol, and tetracycline. Penicillin resistance was independently associated with an urban location when the age of the child was controlled for. Multidrug resistance (resistance to three or more antimicrobial agent groups) was present in 32% of isolates overall but in 39% of isolates with intermediate susceptibility to penicillin and 86% of isolates with penicillin resistance. The predominant serotypes of the S. pneumoniae isolates were 19, 23, 14, 6, and 18. Almost half of the penicillin-resistant isolates serotyped were serotype 23, and these isolates were often multidrug resistant. This study suggests that resistance to penicillin and other antimicrobial agents is common in carriage isolates of S. pneumoniae from children in Vietnam.

scholarly journals Antimicrobial Resistance among Clinical Isolates of Streptococcus pneumoniae in Canada during 2000

2002 ◽  
Vol 46 (5) ◽  
pp. 1295-1301 ◽  
Author(s):  
Donald E. Low ◽  
Joyce de Azavedo ◽  
Karl Weiss ◽  
Tony Mazzulli ◽  
Magdalena Kuhn ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Streptococcus Pneumoniae ◽  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Respiratory Tract ◽  
Lower Respiratory Tract ◽  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Clinical Isolates ◽  
Central Laboratory ◽  
Resistant Strains ◽  
Resistance Rates

ABSTRACT A total of 2,245 clinical isolates of Streptococcus pneumoniae were collected from 63 microbiology laboratories from across Canada during 2000 and characterized at a central laboratory. Of these isolates, 12.4% were not susceptible to penicillin (penicillin MIC, ≥0.12 μg/ml) and 5.8% were resistant (MIC, ≥2 μg/ml). Resistance rates among non-β-lactam agents were the following: macrolides, 11.1%; clindamycin, 5.7%; chloramphenicol, 2.2%; levofloxacin, 0.9%; gatifloxacin, 0.8%; moxifloxacin, 0.4%; and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, 11.3%. The MICs at which 90% of the isolates were inhibited (MIC90s) of the fluoroquinolones were the following: gemifloxacin, 0.03 μg/ml; BMS-284756, 0.06 μg/ml; moxifloxacin, 0.12 μg/ml; gatifloxacin, 0.25 μg/ml; levofloxacin, 1 μg/ml; and ciprofloxacin, 1 μg/ml. Of 578 isolates from the lower respiratory tract, 21 (3.6%) were inhibited at ciprofloxacin MICs of ≥4 μg/ml. None of the 768 isolates from children were inhibited at ciprofloxacin MICs of ≥4 μg/ml, compared to 3 of 731 (0.6%) from those ages 15 to 64 (all of these >60 years old), and 27 of 707 (3.8%) from those over 65. The MIC90s for ABT-773 and telithromycin were 0.015 μg/ml for macrolide-susceptible isolates and 0.12 and 0.5 μg/ml, respectively, for macrolide-resistant isolates. The MIC of linezolid was ≤2 μg/ml for all isolates. Many of the new antimicrobial agents tested in this study appear to have potential for the treatment of multidrug-resistant strains of pneumococci.

scholarly journals Susceptibility of respiratory isolates of Streptococcus pneumoniae isolated from children hospitalized in the Clinical center Nis

2016 ◽  
Vol 69 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 110-114 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marina Dinic ◽  
Snezana Mladenovic-Antic ◽  
Branislava Kocic ◽  
Dobrila Stankovic-Djordjevic ◽  
Miodrag Vrbic ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Streptococcus Pneumoniae ◽  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Respiratory Infections ◽  
Empirical Therapy ◽  
Local Area ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Disc Diffusion ◽  
Minimal Inhibitory Concentrations ◽  
Clinical Center ◽  
Microbiological Methods

Introduction. Streptococcus pneumoniae is one of the most common causes of respiratory infections. The aim was to study the susceptibility to antimicrobial agents of respiratory isolates of Streptococcus pneumoniae obtained from hospitalized children. Material and Methods. A total of 190 respiratory pneumococcal isolates obtained from children aged from 0 to 14 years were isolated and identified by using standard microbiological methods. Susceptibility to oxacillin, erythromycin, clindamycin, tetracycline, cotrimoxazole, ofloxacin and rifampicin was tested by disc diffusion method. Minimal inhibitory concentrations for amoxicillin and ceftriaxone were determined by means of E test. The macrolide-resistant phenotype was detected by double disc diffusion test. Results. All tested isolates were susceptible to amoxicillin and ceftriaxone. The minimal amoxicillin concentration inhibiting the growth of 50% of isolates and of 90% of isolates was 0.50 ?g/ml and 1.0 ?g/ml, respectively and the minimal ceftriaxone concentration inhibiting the growth of 50% of isolates and of 90% of isolates was 0.25 ?g/ml and 0.50 ?g/ml, respectively. Susceptibility to erythromycin and clindamycin was observed in 21.6% and 29.47% of isolates, respectively. The resistence to macrolides - M phenotype was detected in 10.07% of isolates and constitutive macrolide-lincosamide-streptogramin phenotype (constitutive MLS phenotype) was found in 89.93% of isolates. All tested isolates were susceptible to ofloxacin and rifampicin. Conclusion. Amoxicillin could be the therapy of choice in pediatric practice. The macrolides should not be recommended for the empirical therapy of pneumococcal respiratory tract infection in our local area.

scholarly journals Prevalence and Antimicrobial Susceptibility of Streptococcus pneumoniae Isolated from Clinical Samples in the Past 8 Years in Korea

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Jae Soo Kim ◽  
Bo Kyeung Jung ◽  
Jong Wan Kim ◽  
Ga Yeon Kim
Keyword(s):  
Streptococcus Pneumoniae ◽  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Pneumococcal Infection ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Clinical Samples ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Microbial Culture ◽  
Pneumococcal Infections ◽  
The Past ◽  
Invasive Infections

Pneumococcal infection is the main causative agent of pneumonia, meningitis, and sepsis in immunocompromised and elderly people. The samples in this study were collected from subjects in an 800-bed hospital in Chungnam province, Korea, over the past 8 years. Of the 473,230 samples obtained for microbial culture from 2012 to 2019, Streptococcus pneumoniae was isolated from 714 samples collected from 702 patients, with a pneumococcal-positive rate of 0.15%. We investigated the temporal, demographic, and specimen-specific distributions, as well as the antibiotic susceptibility pattern for S. pneumonia. The age of patients ranged from 0 days to 98 years, with an average age of 64.7 years. The distribution among the sexes was 2.4 : 1 (male : female), with more samples isolated from male patients. We observed that spring was the predominant season in which the infection occurred, accounting for 37.6% of the cases. Pneumococci were most frequently isolated from sputum (608 cases, 85.2%). Invasive infections were detected at a rate of 66% (in blood cultures), and noninvasive infections were detected at a rate of 91% (in sputum cultures). Antimicrobial resistance to ceftriaxone, cefotaxime, erythromycin, tetracycline, clindamycin, cotrimoxazole, levofloxacin, and penicillin, based on noninvasive infections, was observed in 21.6%, 27.2%, 79.2%, 73.2%, 68.0%, 51.3%, 9.8%, and 18.1% of cases, respectively. Additionally, on average, 66.9% of multidrug-resistant bacteria showed resistance to three or more antimicrobial agents, and 2.8% showed resistance to all other antibacterial agents except vancomycin. These results might facilitate the administration of appropriate empirical antibacterial therapy for pneumococcal infections.

scholarly journals Activity of the Diaminopyrimidine AR-709 against Recently Collected Multidrug-Resistant Isolates of Invasive Streptococcus pneumoniae from North America

2008 ◽  
Vol 52 (3) ◽  
pp. 1147-1149 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roseanne A. Ressner ◽  
Matthew R. Moore ◽  
James H. Jorgensen
Keyword(s):  
Streptococcus Pneumoniae ◽  
North America ◽  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Broth Microdilution ◽  
Highly Active

ABSTRACT Broth microdilution was used to determine the MICs of AR-709 and comparator antimicrobial agents for 224 invasive multidrug-resistant isolates of Streptococcus pneumoniae. AR-709 was highly active, with a MIC50 of 0.25 μg/ml, a MIC90 of 0.5 μg/ml, and a range of ≤0.008 μg/ml to 1 μg/ml.

scholarly journals Quinolone Efflux Pumps Play a Central Role in Emergence of Fluoroquinolone Resistance in Streptococcus pneumoniae

2006 ◽  
Vol 50 (1) ◽  
pp. 310-317 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nelson L. Jumbe ◽  
Arnold Louie ◽  
Michael H. Miller ◽  
Weiguo Liu ◽  
Mark R. Deziel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Streptococcus Pneumoniae ◽  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Respiratory Infections ◽  
Major Change ◽  
Fluoroquinolone Resistance ◽  
Infection Model ◽  
Initial Exposure ◽  
Mutational Frequency ◽  
Exposure In Vivo

ABSTRACT The preferential use of older antimicrobial agents is, in general, sound public health policy and is meant to maintain susceptibility to newer agents. In the case of fluoroquinolones, however, this strategy is flawed and may actually hasten the spread of Streptococcus pneumoniae strains resistant to newer members of the class. In a mouse thigh infection model, we were unable to isolate clones of pneumococci resistant to the newer fluoroquinolone levofloxacin at 2 × or 4 × the baseline MIC. An initial exposure in vivo to the older agent, ciprofloxacin, allowed straightforward selection of clones resistant to levofloxacin in a subsequent experiment. The original ciprofloxacin exposure generated clones without changes in the parC/E and gyrA/B quinolone target sites almost exclusively but did allow overexpression of a reserpine-responsive pump. While this caused only minimal change in the levofloxacin MIC (0.6 mg/liter to 0.8 mg/liter), it allowed a major change in the mutational frequency to resistance for levofloxacin (<1/108.5 to approximately 1/104.5), which allowed levofloxacin-resistant clones to be isolated in a subsequent in vivo experiment. The reason underlying ciprofloxacin's propensity to select for pump-overexpressed clones is likely related to its hydrophilicity. To preserve the susceptibility of Streptococcus pneumoniae to newer members of the class of quinolones, use of ciprofloxacin for community-acquired respiratory infections should be minimized.

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