The role of genetic factors in the formation of dependence on opiates

2015 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 27-31
Author(s):  
Viktor Vasil’evich Vostrikov ◽  
Natal'ya Olegovna Selizarova ◽  
Anastasiya Yur’evna Grigor’eva ◽  
Sergei Nikolaevich Proshin
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Risk Factor ◽  
Drug Users ◽  
Genetic Factors ◽  
Early Age ◽  
Drug Addicts ◽  
Psychoactive Substances ◽  
High Level ◽  
Genetically Determined

Sociological surveys show that the average age of drug users in recent years has drastically decreased from 18 years to 13 years. Among children of aged from 5 to 7 years the episodes of drug use have been reported. At the same time their parents addicts contribute to this. Statistics show that more than 60 % of drug addicts are young people aged from 17 to 35 years. More than 20 % are children, students, and only 15 % are people older than 35 years. The use by mother during pregnancy psychoactive substances (PAS) is one of the major risk factor for congenital addiction. The most important risk factors for drug abuse are genetic ones. There are two main genetically dependent factors. The first factor is genetically determined high level of the dopamine which encourage a person on a constant search for new sensations, dissatisfaction peace, and search risky situations. The second one is a low level of the hormone serotonin which results in depression in stressful situations. The stressful situations become very deep. Certain factors increase the risk of addictive behavior of offspring may appear at birth. Many people who started the abuse at early age consciously preferred drug to alcohol. That is the adoption of alcohol caused them to aversion to alcohol because of the memories of his father-alcoholic. However based on the biological characteristics while it is not so easy to predict the likelihood of addiction and clearly define in advance the tendency or, on the contrary, human resistance to drug intoxication and dependence.

scholarly journals Unravelling Genetic Factors Underlying Corticobasal Syndrome: A Systematic Review

Cells ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 171
Author(s):  
Federica Arienti ◽  
Giulia Lazzeri ◽  
Maria Vizziello ◽  
Edoardo Monfrini ◽  
Nereo Bresolin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Systematic Review ◽  
Genetic Risk ◽  
Genetic Factors ◽  
Diagnostic Algorithm ◽  
Behavioral Changes ◽  
Corticobasal Syndrome ◽  
Cochrane Library ◽  
Radiological Features ◽  
Genetically Determined

Corticobasal syndrome (CBS) is an atypical parkinsonian presentation characterized by heterogeneous clinical features and different underlying neuropathology. Most CBS cases are sporadic; nevertheless, reports of families and isolated individuals with genetically determined CBS have been reported. In this systematic review, we analyze the demographical, clinical, radiological, and anatomopathological features of genetically confirmed cases of CBS. A systematic search was performed using the PubMed, EMBASE, and Cochrane Library databases, included all publications in English from 1 January 1999 through 1 August 2020. We found forty publications with fifty-eight eligible cases. A second search for publications dealing with genetic risk factors for CBS led to the review of eight additional articles. GRN was the most common gene involved in CBS, representing 28 out of 58 cases, followed by MAPT, C9ORF72, and PRNP. A set of symptoms was shown to be significantly more common in GRN-CBS patients, including visuospatial impairment, behavioral changes, aphasia, and language alterations. In addition, specific demographical, clinical, biochemical, and radiological features may suggest mutations in other genes. We suggest a diagnostic algorithm to help in identifying potential genetic cases of CBS in order to improve the diagnostic accuracy and to better understand the still poorly defined underlying pathogenetic process.

scholarly journals “Body orientation” of the contemporary culture and it’s influence on the children’s, adolescents’ and youth’s health

2015 ◽  
Vol 23 (4) ◽  
pp. 36-68 ◽  
Author(s):  
O.V. Shalygina ◽  
A.B. Kholmogorova
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Affective Disorders ◽  
Social Model ◽  
Early Age ◽  
Contemporary Society ◽  
Contemporary Culture ◽  
Social Standards ◽  
Spectrum Disorders ◽  
Mental And Physical Health

This article continues the theme of social standards assimilation and values relating to the visual appeal, starting from a very early age. The authors use the multifactor psycho-social model of affective spectrum disorders. They consider the risk factors for the formation of girls’ dissatisfaction by their bodies. In contemporary society this kind of dissatisfaction is an important factor of affective disorders and of the narcissistic attitudes formation. The role of fashion dolls in the internalization of extreme physical ideals is researched. The resources that support the fashion dolls (entertainment magazines for girls, ad sites, special channels’ reviews on the dolls’ younger schoolgirls posted in You Tube) are analyzed. These resources’ contribution to the promotion of dangerous to young generation’s mental and physical health is also analyzed in the article.

scholarly journals The role of genetically determined factors in age-related macular degeneration pathogenesis

2015 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 30-39
Author(s):  
Svetlana Georgievna Belekhova ◽  
Yury Sergeevich Astakhov
Keyword(s):  
Macular Degeneration ◽  
Genetic Factors ◽  
Age Related Macular Degeneration ◽  
Complement Factor ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Genetically Determined

The article presents a review of studies dedicated to the role of genetic factors in age-related macular degeneration (AMD) pathogenesis. The polymorphisms of Y402H gene of the complement factor Н, HTRA1, ARMS2/LOC387715, and PLEKHA1 increase the risk of AMD development. More detailed description is done also for other genes, involved into this disease, which were identified so far. Possible schemes of influence of mutations in these genes on AMD development and progression

Familial risk factors and the familial aggregation of psychiatric disorders

1990 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 311-319 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kenneth S. Kendler
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Risk Factor ◽  
Psychiatric Disorders ◽  
Genetic Factors ◽  
Familial Aggregation ◽  
Familial Risk ◽  
Significant Proportion ◽  
Potential Importance ◽  
Obstetric Injury ◽  
Familial Risk Factors

SynopsisAll major psychiatric disorders aggregate in families. For most disorders, both genes and environmental factors play an important role in this aggregation. While recent work has tended to concentrate on the importance of genetic factors, this report focuses on the potential importance of environmental risk factors which themselves aggregate in families. In particular, this article examines how much of the familial aggregation of a psychiatric disorder may result from the familial aggregation of a risk factor. The model is illustrated and then applied to putative familial risk factors for schizophrenia and depression. The results of the model suggest that if parental loss and exposure to pathogenic rearing practices are true risk factors for depression, then they could account for a significant proportion of the familial aggregation of depression. By contrast, the model predicts that even if obstetric injury and low social class are true risk factors for schizophrenia, they together would account for only a very small proportion of the tendency for schizophrenia to aggregate in families.

Does Having Rotavirus Infection in Early Childhood Increase the Risk of Celiac Disease?

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Meryem Keceli Basaran ◽  
Caner Dogan ◽  
Mahmut Bal ◽  
Seda Geylani Gulec ◽  
Nafiye Urganci
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Risk Factor ◽  
Celiac Disease ◽  
Genetic Factors ◽  
Pediatric Patients ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Rotavirus Infection ◽  
Rotavirus Gastroenteritis ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Espghan Guidelines

Abstract Objective With the increasing prevalence of celiac disease (CD) in the population, possible risk factors are under investigation. Environmental and genetic factors that trigger the immune response have been analyzed for many years. This study investigates the presence of CD in children with rotavirus infection. Rotavirus infection is thought to be a risk factor for CD. Methods Included in the study were 105 of 160 pediatric patients hospitalized due to symptomatic rotavirus infection between 2012 and 2018. These children were screened for CD 45.6 ± 18.2 (14–90) months following the rotavirus infection diagnosed with CD as per ESPGHAN guidelines. Results A total of 105 pediatric patients who had rotavirus gastroenteritis were included in the study. The age of the children with rotavirus infection was 3.98 ± 1 (2–6) months. In terms of CD, it was 45.6 ± 18.2 months. Around 14 to 90 months later, patients were called for control. CD developed in four (3.8%) of the children with rotavirus, whereas none of the children in the control group developed CD. Conclusion Rotavirus infection may be a risk factor for CD through immune mechanisms. There are genetic and various environmental factors for the development of CD. Although the CD's occurrence on children who had rotavirus gastroenteritis in our study also supported this situation, there was no statistically significant difference.

scholarly journals The role of young children in a community-wide outbreak of hepatitis A

1997 ◽  
Vol 118 (3) ◽  
pp. 243-252 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. F. SMITH ◽  
J. C. GRABAU ◽  
A. WERZBERGER ◽  
R. A. GUNN ◽  
H. R. ROLKA ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Risk Factor ◽  
Relative Risk ◽  
Jewish Community ◽  
Attack Rate ◽  
Odds Ratio ◽  
Hepatitis A ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Recurrent Hepatitis

An Hasidic Jewish community has experienced recurrent hepatitis A outbreaks since 1980. To assess risk factors for illness during a 1985–6 outbreak, the authors reviewed case records and randomly selected 93 households for an interview and serologic survey. In the outbreak, 117 cases of hepatitis A were identified, with the highest attack rate (4·2%) among 3–5 year olds. Among the survey households, the presence of 3–5 year olds was the only risk factor that increased a household's risk of hepatitis A (indeterminant relative risk, P=0·02). Furthermore, case households from the outbreak were more likely to have 3–5 year olds than were control households from the survey (odds ratio=16·4, P<0·001). Children 3–5 years old were more likely to have hepatitis A and may have been the most frequent transmitters of hepatitis A in this community. Hepatitis A vaccination of 3–5 year olds can protect this age group and might prevent future outbreaks in this community.

scholarly journals Dietary risk factors for the development of inflammatory polyarthritis: Evidence for a role of high level of red meat consumption

2004 ◽  
Vol 50 (12) ◽  
pp. 3804-3812 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dorothy J. Pattison ◽  
Deborah P. M. Symmons ◽  
Mark Lunt ◽  
Ailsa Welch ◽  
Robert Luben ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Meat Consumption ◽  
Red Meat ◽  
Dietary Risk Factors ◽  
Dietary Risk ◽  
High Level ◽  
Inflammatory Polyarthritis

scholarly journals The Critical Role of Biliary Candidiasis in Development of Surgical Site Infections after Pancreatoduodenectomy: Results of Prospective Study Using a Selective Culture Medium for Candida Species

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hiroyuki Kato ◽  
Yusuke Iizawa ◽  
Kei Nakamura ◽  
Kazuyuki Gyoten ◽  
Aoi Hayasaki ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factor ◽  
Candida Species ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Significant Risk ◽  
Surgical Site Infections ◽  
Preoperative Assessment ◽  
Significant Risk Factor ◽  
High Level ◽  
New Evidence

In accordance with previous reports, the incidence of biliary candidiasis (BC) after pancreaticoduodenectomy (PD) was reported to be 0 to 5%, and the clinical significance of BC still has been elusive. In this study, we prospectively evaluated the precise incidence of BC after PD using the CHROMagar Candida plate in an attempt to elucidate whether BC has a significant impact on the clinical outcomes after PD.Patients and Method. From November 2014 to March 2016, the consecutive 51 patients who underwent PD were enrolled for this study. The bile juice was prospectively collected through the biliary stent tube on postoperative days (POD) 3, 7, and 14 and directly incubated onto the CHROMagar Candida plate for the cultivation of various Candida species. In the presence or absence of BC, we compared the incidence of SSIs.Results. The incidence of postoperative BC was 15% on POD 3, 24% on POD 7, and 39% on POD 14, respectively. Taken together, 22 patients out of 51 (43.1%) developed BC after PD. Moreover, the incidence of SSIs was significantly higher in patients with BC than in those without it (71% versus 7%, p=0.005). BC was selected as the only significant risk factor of SSIs after PD among the various risk factors. Even though a cause of BC is unknown, high level of alkaline phosphatase (cut-off line >300 IU/L) was selected as the only preoperative risk factor of the development of BC.Conclusion. We elucidated new evidence in which BC could be the independent cause of SSIs after PD and should not be recognized as just contamination artifacts. Preoperative assessment for identifying carriers of Candida species might be essential for reducing the incidence of SSIs after PD.

IgA Anticardiolipin Antibodies as a Risk Factor for Arterial and Venous Thrombotic Events.

Blood ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 106 (11) ◽  
pp. 4127-4127
Author(s):  
Esther Urbaez Duran ◽  
Tim Kasunic ◽  
Matthew Cotant ◽  
Philip Kuriakose
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Risk Factor ◽  
Protein C ◽  
Hormone Replacement ◽  
Factor V Leiden ◽  
Anticardiolipin Antibodies ◽  
International Standards ◽  
Thrombotic Risk ◽  
Risk Pregnancy

Abstract Background: Many studies have concluded that the presence of anticardiolipin antibodies is associated with both venous and arterial thrombotic events. The role of IgA anticardiolipin has been studied previously with conflicting results. Some of this disparity is thought to be due in part to the lack of international standards in measuring these levels. Objective : To further evaluate the role of IgA anticardiolipin anitbody as a risk factor for thrombosis. Patients and Methods: We conducted a single institution retrospective review of all patients with elevated IgA anticardiolipin antibodies extracted from a database of 20,000 patients for whom IgA anticardiolipin had been measured. Results: One hundred forty-eight patients were identified with elevated IgA anticardiolipin antibodies as measured by semiquantitative indirect Elisa. Patients had a median age of 52.5; 52% were African American, 38% Caucasain and 9% of other ethnic background. Of these patients, 67 had associated arterial or venous thrombotic events: 15.9% were pulmonary embolisms, 47.5% were deep venous thromboses and 36.6% were arterial thrombotic events. Patients were further evaluated for other thrombotic risk factors including IgG and IgM anticardiolipin antibodies; lupus anticoagulant; pt 20210; activated protein C resistance/Factor V Leiden; hyperhomocysteinemia; antithrombin; protein C/protein S deficiency; active malignancy with or without concurrent chemotherapy; tamoxifen, oral contraceptive or hormone replacement therapy; catheter-related risk; pregnancy; myeloproliferative disorders and hyperviscosity syndromes; sickle cell disease; and surgery, trauma or immobilization within 6 weeks of the event. In 35.8% of evaluated patients with elevated IgA and thrombotic events, there was was no concommitant elevation of IgG or IgM anticardiolipin. In 33.3% of patients with thrombotic events, none of the other predetermined risk factors were present. Conclusion: IgA anticardiolipin may be an independent risk factor for development of venous and arterial thrombotic events. A large case-controlled or prospective, randomized trial with standardized measurement will likely be needed to further clarify this issue.

scholarly journals 9p21 and the Genetic Revolution for Coronary Artery Disease

2012 ◽  
Vol 58 (1) ◽  
pp. 104-112 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert Roberts ◽  
Alexandre F R Stewart
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Coronary Artery Disease ◽  
Risk Factor ◽  
Genetic Testing ◽  
Coronary Artery ◽  
Genetic Variants ◽  
Genetic Factors ◽  
Genomic Study ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Artery Disease

Abstract BACKGROUND It has long been recognized that 50% of the susceptibility for coronary artery disease (CAD) is due to predisposing genetic factors. Comprehensive prevention is likely to require knowledge of these genetic factors. CONTENT Using a genomewide association study (GWAS), the Ottawa Heart Genomic Study and the deCODE group simultaneously identified the first genetic risk variant, at chromosome 9p21. The 9p21 variant became the first risk factor to be identified since 1964. 9p21 occurs in 75% of the population except for African Americans and is associated with a 25% increased risk for CAD with 1 copy and a 50% increased risk with 2 copies. Perhaps the most remarkable finding is that 9p21 is independent of all known risk factors, indicating there are factors contributing to the pathogenesis of CAD that are yet unknown. 9p21 in individuals with premature CAD is associated with a 2-fold increase in risk, similar to that of smoking and cholesterol. Routine genetic testing will probably remain controversial until a specific treatment is developed. Over a period of 5 years, however, GWASs have identified 30 genetic variants for CAD risk, of which only 6 act through the known risk factors. SUMMARY The 9p21 variant has now been established as an independent risk factor for CAD and, along with the additional 29 risk genetic variants recently identified, is likely to provide the thrust for genetic testing and personalized medicine in the near future.

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