scholarly journals New scientific data of materials from the Starshy Nikitinsky burial ground and its place in the chronology of the Middle Volga Abashevo culture

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 148-152
Author(s):  
Asya Viktorovna Engovatova ◽  
Vladimir Yurievich Lunkov ◽  
Yulia Vladimirovna Lunkova ◽  
Maria Borisovna Mednikova
Keyword(s):  
Pure Copper ◽  
Scientific Data ◽  
Radiocarbon Date ◽  
Burial Mound ◽  
Burial Ground ◽  
Radiocarbon Dates ◽  
Relative Chronology ◽  
Metal Composition ◽  
Middle Volga ◽  
Burial Grounds

The paper is devoted to the introduction of a new radiocarbon date into scientific circulation and the analysis of the results of determining the metal composition of the items of the Starshy Nikitinsky burial ground of the Middle Volga Abashevo culture. The overwhelming majority of the burial grounds decorations are made of pure copper. One pendant ornament is made of silver; in two other items the content of silver and arsenic was noted in small quantities. Products made of pure copper are usually associated with the Volga-Ural sources of metal, traditional for the Middle Volga Abashevo culture. The appearance of silver and arsenic in the metal composition of the Middle Volga Abashevo culture is associated with the South Ural ore sources and their development by the Volga-Ural Abashevites. Within the framework of traditional relative chronology, this corresponds to the time of the end of the developed stage of the Middle Volga Abashevo culture. The preservation of organic materials, which is rare for the sites of the Middle Volga Abashevo culture, makes it possible to compare the results obtained only with the materials of the Pepkino burial mound. Speaking of metal composition, both sites belong to a single stage of the Middle Volga Abashevo culture. The radiocarbon dates of the two burial grounds obtained at the Oxford Laboratory are close and indicate a somewhat later age of the burials of the Starshy Nikitinsky burial ground relative to the burials of the Pepkino kurgan.

scholarly journals Dromos burials of the saka time in the Nazar site (Central Kazakhstan)

2016 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 84-93
Author(s):  
Arman Ziyadenovich Beisenov
Keyword(s):  
Bronze Age ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Complex Structure ◽  
Burial Ground ◽  
New Materials ◽  
Radiocarbon Dates ◽  
Cultural Traditions ◽  
Funeral Rite ◽  
The People ◽  
Burial Grounds

In recent years, numerous new sites of Tasmola culture have been studied. New materials significantly supplement the existing ideas about the culture of the population of Central Kazakhstan of Saka era. The present article focuses on three monuments of the early Saka time studied by the author in the Nazar site in Central Kazakhstan. This kurgan with stone ridges Nazar and two other kurgans compose the burial ground Nazar-2. The monument is located in the Karaganda region, which is geographically an eastern part of the Kazakh hills. In addition to the studied objects on the coast of the river Nazar, there are three unexplored burial grounds of the Saka era. All structures of these burial grounds, including those which have not been excavated yet, can be combined by common external features. As a result of excavations graves with dromos oriented to the east were discovered in all three mounds. The diameters of the kurgans are 20-23 m, their height is 1,5-1,7 m. A bronze arrowhead of the early Saka type was found in kurgan 1 of the burial ground Nazar-2. Such monuments, which are characterized by a large size and complex structure, belong to the early stage of Tasmola culture - VIII-VI cc. BC. Three radiocarbon dates obtained on bone samples from mounds № 1 and № 2 of burial ground Nazar-2 in the laboratories of the Royal University of Belfast, Northern Ireland, United Kingdom and the University of Miami, USA do not contradict that. According to the author, such detail of the funeral rite as dromos oriented to the east, can be genetically traced back to the cultural traditions of the people of the late Bronze Age in Central Kazakhstan. Tasmola culture of Central Kazakhstan was opened in 1960. New materials largely complement the existing ideas about this culture.

scholarly journals The Eneolithic Burial of Maksimovka I Soil Burial Ground from the Samara Trans-Volga Region

2019 ◽  
pp. 6-16
Author(s):  
Victor Tsibin ◽  
Anton Shalapinin
Keyword(s):  
Bronze Age ◽  
Volga Region ◽  
Burial Ground ◽  
Radiocarbon Dates ◽  
Soil Burial ◽  
North East ◽  
The North ◽  
New Information ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Burial Grounds

Introduction. In the early 1980s the materials of soil burial grounds served as a base for identifying a special Eneolithic period in the history of the Middle and Lower Volga regions. Gathering of source basis on burial Eneolithic complexes is being effected rather slowly. Due to this fact the publication of new information on burial complexes of the Copper Age is quite urgent. This article enters the materials found during the excavations on Maksimovka I soil burial ground situated within the Samara river basin into scientific life. Methods. The collective burial on Maksimovka I burial ground consisted of three or probably four skeletons. They were supine, their legs bent at the knees and their heads oriented towards the North-East. Grave goods included a bone tool, a pressure tool, a sandstone pendant, flint scrapers and a borer, arrowheads with straight or emarginated foundation. Results. While comparing the burial rite with materials of other Eneolithic burial grounds one can see the greatest similarity in the complexes of the Khvalynsk Eneolithic culture (the presence of collective burials, supine position of skeletons with bent legs, orienting the buried people’s heads towards the North-East). Leaf-like arrowheads with narrowed bases and a cavity on the foundation were used in a wide range of activities in the Eneolithic period and Early Bronze Age in the Volga-Don interfluve. However they are typical for Caspian and Altatin complexes in the steppe area of the Volga region. Discussion. In accordance with the latest radiocarbon dates concerning the Eneolithic materials of soil burial grounds and settlement monuments one should date the burial on Maksimovka soil burial ground tentatively 5200–4500 BC.

NEW RESULTS OF THE RESEARCH ONTO THE EARLY IRON AGE BURIAL MOUNDS AT THE KHANKAISKY DOL BURIAL GROUND

2021 ◽  
Vol 27 ◽  
pp. 181-188
Author(s):  
DASHKOVSKIY P. ◽  
◽  
OZHIGANOV A. ◽  
SAVKO I. ◽  
Shershneva E. ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Iron Age ◽  
Gold Foil ◽  
Burial Mound ◽  
Burial Ground ◽  
State University ◽  
Funeral Rite ◽  
Pazyryk Culture ◽  
State Pedagogical ◽  
Burial Grounds ◽  
Northern Wall

The article presents the results of the study of mounds N26 and N33 at the Khankarinsky Dol burial ground, located in the Krasnoshchekovsky district ofthe Altai Territory. The excavations were carried out by the Krasnoshchekovskaya archaeological expedition of Altai State University with the participation of students of the Barnaul State Pedagogical University. As a result of the excavations, it was revealed that both mounds had been robbed, which makes their chronological attribution difficult. At the same time, the inventory in the form of fragments of gold foil was found only in mound No. 33. Recorded during the excavation of mound No. 33 features of the burial rite is the position of the deceased on his right side, facing to the East, accompanying burial of the horse along the Northern wall of the grave, ritual food, have certain analogies to previously explored objects of the Pazyryk culture on the necropolis Khankarinsky Dol and the nearby burial grounds Inskoy Dol and Chineta-II. In addition, such signs of the funeral rite find parallels with similar indicators for the sites of the Pazyryk period excavated in the Central and South-Eastern Altai. Mound No. 26, taking into account the analysis of the burial structure, the eastern orientation of the deceased, the presence of ritual meat food, the location next to the chain of mounds of the Pazyryk culture, gives reason to tentatively attribute it to the Scythian-Saka period. Keywords: funeral ceremony, Scythian-Saka period, burial mound, altai, artifacts

New Light on the Midland Discovery

1959 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 66-78 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fred Wendorf ◽  
Alex D. Krieger
Keyword(s):  
Small Mammals ◽  
Radiocarbon Date ◽  
High Plains ◽  
Faunal Assemblage ◽  
Southern High Plains ◽  
Stratigraphic Sequence ◽  
Radiocarbon Dates ◽  
Cultural Events ◽  
Animal Bones

AbstractAdditional excavation in 1955 confirmed the previously reported stratigraphic sequence at Midland, Texas. Within the gray sand, which had yielded a fragmentary human calvarium, there were found additional flint flakes, burned rocks, and animal bones. Besides several small mammals, a four-horned antelope (probably Capromeryx) was present in the gray sand; horse bones occurred in the gray sand and overlying red sand. These finds make the two radiocarbon dates published in the 1955 Midland report, giving an age of about 7000 years to the gray sand, even less acceptable than previously thought. Experimental dating by the uranium daughter products technique suggests an age of about 20,000 years for the gray sand, somewhat excessive in terms of cultural correlations although supported by a single radiocarbon date and not unreasonable for the faunal assemblage. Ten radiocarbon dates from the Midland, Blackwater Draw, Lubbock Lake, and Plainview sites are discussed in terms of three possible correlations of the geological, climatic, faunal, and cultural events in the Southern High Plains.

Pleistocene Mammals from Gold Run Creek, Yukon Territory

1973 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 697-759 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. R. Harington ◽  
F. V. Clulow
Keyword(s):  
Yukon Territory ◽  
Radiocarbon Date ◽  
Common Elements ◽  
Radiocarbon Dates ◽  
Equus Asinus ◽  
Wild Ass ◽  
Pleistocene Mammals ◽  
First Time

Remains of thirteen species of mammals are reported from Pleistocene deposits at Gold Run Creek near Dawson, Yukon Territory. Eight of the thirteen species are extinct and two are no longer living in the Yukon. The most common elements of the fauna are Equus (Asinus) lambei (Yukon wild ass), and Bison crassicornis (large-horned bison). Taxidea (badger) and Bison alaskensis (Alaskan bison) are reported for the first time from the Yukon Pleistocene. A kiang-like horse is also reported from deposits at Gold Run Creek.These mammals may have inhabited a cool grassland or open parkland during late Wisconsin time. Bison crassicornis and mammoth bone from deposits at Gold Run Creek have yielded radiocarbon dates of 22 200 ± 1400 yr B.P. and 32 250 ± 1750 yr B.P. respectively. Bison alaskensis is evidently older than the remainder of the fauna as bone from the specimen yielded a radiocarbon date of over 39 900 yr B.P.

scholarly journals The Archaeology of Old Age

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 163-178
Author(s):  
Stig Welinder
Keyword(s):  
Old Age ◽  
Burial Ground ◽  
Cultural Variation ◽  
Old People ◽  
Complex Concept ◽  
Anthropological Theory ◽  
Burial Grounds ◽  
The Way

Prehistoric people sometimes died at an old age to judge by the longevity of life estimated from skeletal data. Anthropology, however, suggests that old age is a much more complex concept than that. The process of growing old that is stressed in the anthropological theory of old people may advantageously be discussed on the basis of prehistoric burial-ground data. Examples from Swedish burial-grounds hint at a cultural variation in the way in which prehistoric societies viewed old age.

scholarly journals Evaluating Bayesian radiocarbon-dated event-count [REC] models for the study of long-term human and environmental processes

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
William Christopher Carleton
Keyword(s):  
Forest Fires ◽  
Simulated Data ◽  
Radiocarbon Date ◽  
Radiocarbon Dates ◽  
New Class ◽  
Environmental Processes ◽  
Growth Decline ◽  
Marine Ingression ◽  
Event Times

Chronological uncertainty complicates attempts to use radiocarbon dates as proxies for processes like human population growth/decline, forest fires, and marine ingression. Established approaches involve turning databases of radiocarbon-date densities into single summary proxies that cannot fully account for chronological uncertainty. Here, I use simulated data to explore an alternate Bayesian approach that instead models the data as what they are, namely radiocarbon-dated event-counts. The approach involves assessing possible event-count sequences by sampling radiocarbon date densities and then applying MCMC to estimate the parameters of an appropriate count-based regression model. The regressions based on individual sampled sequences were placed in a multilevel framework, which allowed for the estimation of hyperparameters that account for chronological uncertainty in individual event times. Two processes were used to produce simulated data. One represented a simple monotonic change in event-counts and the other was based on a real palaeoclimate proxy record. In both cases, the method produced estimates that had the correct sign and were consistently biased toward zero. These results indicate that the approach is widely applicable and could form the basis of a new class of quantitative models for use in exploring long-term human and environmental processes.

scholarly journals Large tare vessels of the bronze age Turganic settlement in Orenburg Region

2016 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 91-98 ◽  
Author(s):  
Natalya Petrovna Salugina ◽  
Nina Leonidovna Morgunova ◽  
Mihail Aleksandrovich Turetskii
Keyword(s):  
Bronze Age ◽  
Burial Mound ◽  
North Caucasus ◽  
Radiocarbon Dates ◽  
Orenburg Region ◽  
The North ◽  
Type Selection ◽  
Large Size ◽  
Culture Formation ◽  
Middle Bronze Age

In the ceramic collection of Turganic settlement in the Orenburg region there is a group of bronze age pottery, which by its morphological and technological indicators stands out sharply from the main group of dishes. They are large size vessels with massive aureoles and distended body. The authors called these vessels hums. The aim of this study is to identify cultural-chronological position of the specified group of dishes in the system of the antiquities of the early - middle bronze age. Within this group the authors distinguish two types. The basis for type selection was the particular design of the upper part of the vessel. The first type is ceramics from Turganic settlement and the vessel from the burial mound Perevolotsky I. Morphological and technological features, and a series of radiocarbon dates has allowed to date these vessels to the time of the yamnaya culture formation in the Volga-Ural region (Repinsky stage). The authors suggest that the appearance of such vessels should be an imitation of the Maikop pottery. It could be penetration of small groups of craftsmen or the intensification of contacts with the population of the North Caucasus. The second type of pottery from Turganic settlement is similar to the burial mound Kardailovsky I (mound 1, burial 3) in Orenburg region, in the Northern pre-Caspian, region of the Samara river, Kuban and the Dnieper. Researchers have noted the scarcity and originality of this dish. The chronological and cultural position of such vessels is determined within the III Millennium BC (calibrated values).

scholarly journals PLATE-SHAPED PENDANTS FROM THE BURIAL 73 OF THE TURAEVSKY BURIAL GROUND

2020 ◽  
pp. 128-141
Author(s):  
Александр Анатольевич Красноперов
Keyword(s):  
River Valley ◽  
Transmission Mechanism ◽  
Local Version ◽  
Burial Ground ◽  
East European ◽  
Trapezoidal Shape ◽  
Large Period ◽  
Repeated Analysis ◽  
Burial Grounds

Грунтовая часть Тураевского могильника стала известна в 1969 г., раскопки осуществлялись в 1986–1990 гг., памятник полностью опубликован. Среди инвентаря Тураево, п. 73 есть несколько пластинчатых подвесок прямоугольной и трапециевидной формы, вопрос о происхождении которых требует повторного анализа. Подвески из Тураево, п. 73 совсем не характерны для мазунинских. При простоте формы и техники подвески почти не находят аналогий в синхронных памятниках. Таких нет в ближайших родственных культурах, гляденовской, кара-абызской, азелинской, их нет ни у сармат, ни в «древнемордовских» памятниках, ни у рязано-окцев. Ближайшие территории, где представлены пластинчатые украшения, это ареалы дьяковской и мощинской культур. Контекст находок показывает, что и на позднедьяковских, и на мощинских памятниках такие украшения сопряжены с находками вещей круга восточноевропейских эмалей, и являются местным локальным вариантом «эмалевого» комплекса. Кроме киевской, пластинчатые вещи представлены на памятниках зарубинецкой и культуры поздней штрихованной керамики. Дата комплекса Тураево, п. 73 неоднозначна. Железные височные подвески и железная бабочковидная фибула характерны для второго большого периода мазунинской культуры. Но бусинный материал дает дату в пределах III в., скорее второй его половины или середины. В пользу этой датировки свидетельствует набор подвесок, пластинчатых, имеющих истоки в уборе круга эмалей, и из фрагмента эполетообразной застежки предшествующей пьяноборской культуры. Находки круга эмалей эпизодически встречаются в Прикамье, и относятся ко 2-й (азелинские могильники) и 3-й (мазунинские могильники) стадиям развития. Механизм передачи можно предполагать через среду позднезарубинецкого (Ахмедов, 2018: 150, 157) и киевского населения (Бикляньское селище) в процессе их продвижения на восток (Ахмедов, Белоцерковская, 2007: 273). Turaevsky burial ground became known in 1969, excavations were carried out in 1986–1990, the monument is fully published. Among the inventory Turaevo, grave 73 there are several plate-shaped pendants of a rectangular and trapezoidal shape, the question of the origin of which requires repeated analysis. Pendants from Turaevo, grave 73 are not at all characteristic of Mazunino archeological culture. With the simplicity of the form and technique, the pendants almost do not find analogies in synchronous monuments. There are none in the «closest kindred» cultures, Glyadnovo, Kara-Abyz, Azelino, they are neither by the Sarmatians, nor in the «Old Mordovian» monuments, nor among the Ryazan'-Oka monuments. The nearest territories where plate-shaped bijouterie are represented are the areas of Dyakovo and Moschino cultures. The context of the finds shows that on both Late-Dyakovo and Moschino monuments, such bijouterie is associated with finds of things from the circle of East European enamels, and is a local version of the «enamel» complex. Plate-shaped bijouterie are represented on the monuments of Kiev-culture, Zarubinets-culture and the culture of late hatched ceramics. The date of the Turaevo grave 73 is ambiguous. Iron pendants for headwear and an iron butterfly-shaped brooch are characteristic of the second «large» period of the Mazunino culture. But the beads gives a date within the 3rd century, rather, its second half or middle. This dating is supported by a set of plate-shaped pendants having origins in the «enamel circle» and from a fragment of the epaulet-shaped buckle of the previous «Pyany Bor» culture. Findings of a «enamel circle» occasionally occur in Kama river valley, and belong to the 2nd (Azelino burial grounds) and 3rd (Mazunino burial grounds) stages of evolution. The transmission mechanism can be supposed across of the population of the Late-Zarubinets (Akhmedov I. R., 2018, p. 150, 157) and the Kiev (Biklyan' settlement) in the process of going to the East (Akhmedov I. R., Belotserkovskaya I. V., 2007, p. 273).

Insect faunas of late Devensian and Flandrian age from Church Stretton, Shropshire

1972 ◽  
Vol 263 (852) ◽  
pp. 327-367 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Pollen Analysis ◽  
Thermal Environment ◽  
Radiocarbon Date ◽  
Radiocarbon Dates ◽  
Number Of Species ◽  
Summer Temperatures ◽  
Zone Ii ◽  
Climatic Optimum ◽  
The Church

Invertebrate faunas consisting mainly of insects, from deposits in the Church Stretton valley, are described and discussed. These deposits fall into two periods: ( a ) Late Devensian, which follows an episode of glaciation and precedes a period of accumulation of frost-shattered gravel fans; and ( b ) Flandrian, which post-dates the gravels and has been placed in the post-Glacial pollen zones VI and VII. The faunas of these two episodes are dealt with separately in Parts I and II respectively. Part I. From two sites in which sequences containing clays, peats and silts were examined five radiocarbon dates are available, the oldest being 13 555 ± 620 years B.P. and the most recent 11 000 ± 200 years B.P. The faunas include a substantial number of species not now found in Shropshire, many not in Britain. Inferences on the changing ecology and thermal environment of the area are drawn from these faunas and are compared with the pollen analytical zones. This comparison shows that, according to the insects, the warmest part of the episode was late zone I, and that zone II (the Allerod), often considered to be the climatic optimum of the period, appears to have been a time of gradually deteriorating summer temperatures. Part II. Deposits from three late Flandrian sites are discussed. Although only one radiocarbon date was obtained, of 8101 ± 138 years B.P., pollen analysis was carried out by Rowlands throughout each sequence and this showed that the earliest deposit, at Little Stretton, dated from zone VI a and at all three localities deposition continued into zone VII b. An examination of the insect assemblages shows that completely different biotopes, from open pasture to dense woodland, were existing side by side in the Church Stretton valley in late Flandrian time. Summer temperatures at least as high as those of today are inferred. The possibility exists that during the period represented here the climate was even warmer than that of the present but until more information is available it is not possible to be more definite on this point.

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