scholarly journals “Innovative” Materials in the Conservation of Uyghur Manuscripts from the Collection of the Asian Museum in the early 20 century

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
pp. 112-117
Author(s):  
Kristina V. Korosteleva
Keyword(s):  
Major Part ◽  
Local People ◽  
Innovative Materials ◽  
The Moment ◽  
Eastern Turkestan ◽  
Skilled Staff

The major part of Old Uyghur manuscript and block printed fragments preserved nowadays in the Serindia collection of the IOM, RAS require conservation and preservations procedures. Discovered during various archaeological and research expeditions to Eastern Turkestan, as also purchased from the local people of Turfan oasis, these fragments were in urgent need of conservation at the moment they were transferred to the Asiatic Museum. As conservation laboratory and skilled staff were absent at that time the conservation procedures were conducted by the researchers of the materials. The article deals with the analysis of one of the methods used for preserving fragments which was used at the beginning of the 20thc.

scholarly journals Disposal of Worn Out Fiberglass Recreational Boats

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (Special edition 2) ◽  
pp. 143-153
Author(s):  
Roko Dejhall ◽  
Dunja Legović
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
Mass Production ◽  
Major Part ◽  
Environmentally Friendly ◽  
The World ◽  
Basic Issue ◽  
Special Programs ◽  
The Republic ◽  
The Moment

Mass production of fiberglass boats begun in the mid-50s of the 20th century. Over decades, a large number of such boats accumulated throughout the world. Since the lifespan of these boats is 30 to 50 years, at the moment many fiberglass boats simply arived to the end of their life and need to be appropriately disposed in a safe and environmentally friendly way. It is expected that the disposal of boats will become a more pronounced problem, in which the basic issue is the relatively high cost. The main problem is the fiberglass laminate which constitutes the major part of the boat. As of today, there are no economically viable methods. Many countries do not have special programs for the disposal of worn out fiberglass boats, which would undoubtedly provide the answers to many questions. The paper gives an overview of the disposal conditions of worn out recreational fiberglass boats over the world as well in the Republic of Croatia.

Other genes of the Y chromosome

Development ◽  
1987 ◽  
Vol 101 (Supplement) ◽  
pp. 117-118
Author(s):  
Jonathan Wolfe
Keyword(s):  
Sex Determination ◽  
Y Chromosome ◽  
Male Fertility ◽  
Major Part ◽  
Essential Genes ◽  
Upper Limit ◽  
Y Chromosomes ◽  
Number Of Genes ◽  
The Moment ◽  
Human And Mouse

From the moment that the major part of the mammalian Y chromosome ceased to recombine with the X, the action of Muller's ratchet began to whittle away at it to remove all but the essential genes. Consequently, by comparison with their respective X homologues, both human and mouse Y chromosomes are relatively small and probably contain very few genes in a fabric of accumulated junk. Nevertheless, molecular biologists have not been deterred from searching for Y-linked genes and in recent years this has become an increasingly popular pastime. Although hard to find, any Y-linked genes are likely to play important roles in either sex determination or male fertility, a fact which has spurred the search. How many genes are likely to be present on the chromosome? If we accept the hypothesis that most genes are preceded by an HpaII tiny fragment (HTF) island, we can place an upper limit on the number of genes by considering the frequency with which such islands occur on the chromosome.

The Sharia Courts of Mogadishu

2019 ◽  
pp. 147-154
Author(s):  
Ahmed Sh. Ibrahim
Keyword(s):  
Political Authority ◽  
The State ◽  
Local People ◽  
The Political ◽  
Political Space ◽  
Political Leaders ◽  
The Moment ◽  
Peace And Reconciliation

This chapter considers whether there are lessons to be learned from the experience of the Sharia courts of Mogadishu that are relevant to peace and reconciliation in Somalia. These courts emerged in 1992 in response to the collapse of the state. It argues the Sharia courts succeeded where others failed because they simultaneously built on known cultural and religious norms, authorities, and practices, while at the same time pragmatically responding to the demands of the moment. Two of the most important lessons from the experience of the courts are: (a) justice in Somalia is inseparable from practices and discourses associated with the Sharia; and (b) it is hard to establish legitimate political authority if the political space and political leaders are viewed by local people to contradict and counteract the norms of the Sharia.

scholarly journals ACCURACY ANALYSIS OF DESIGN METHODS FOR CONCRETE BEAMS REINFORCED WITH FIBER REINFORCED POLYMER BARS / KOMPOZITAIS ARMUOTŲ BETONINIŲ ELEMENTŲ PROJEKTAVIMO METODŲ TIKSLUMO ANALIZĖ

2014 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 123-133 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edgaras Timinskas ◽  
Rūta Jakštaitė ◽  
Viktor Gribniak ◽  
Vytautas Tamulėnas ◽  
Gintaris Kaklauskas
Keyword(s):  
Reinforced Concrete ◽  
Concrete Beams ◽  
Design Methods ◽  
Steel Reinforcement ◽  
Design Codes ◽  
Basalt Fibre ◽  
Reinforced Polymer ◽  
Fibre Reinforced Polymer ◽  
Innovative Materials ◽  
The Moment

Traditional steel reinforcement does not resist corrosion and its resources are limited; therefore, carbon, glass, aramid and basalt fibre reinforced polymer bars were developed. The composite reinforcement has a high tensile strength and resistance to electromagnetic fields. Different kinds of materials and application of various surface coatings are used in the production of the composite bars. This results in different adhesion to concrete and mechanical properties of composite bars. In comparison with steel reinforcement, glass, aramid and basalt fibre reinforced polymer bars have a lower modulus of elasticity. Thus, structural rigidity provided by these bars is smaller in respect to reinforced concrete elements. Current reinforced concrete design codes and recommendations are based on empirical and simplified methods of strain evaluation, which may be inadequate for design of structures with composite bars. In this paper, an adequacy of the empirical models was checked against the experimental data of concrete beams reinforced with composite bars. The moment-curvature data of 52 beams reported in the literature and conducted by the authors were used for assessment of accuracy of design methods. In order to perform the analysis, different methods from design codes (European (LST 2007), American (ACI Committee 318 2011) and Russian (NIIZhB 2006)) and recommendations (Italian (CNR 2007) and American (ACI Committee 440 2006)) have been selected. The results of the investigation will provide engineers with more information on design of concrete beams with fibre reinforced polymer bars. This will encourage an extensive use of these innovative materials in different types of structures. Santrauka Tradicinė plieninė armatūra nėra atspari korozijai, jos iŠtekliai yra riboti, todėl buvo sukurti polimeriniai strypai, armuoti anglies, stiklo, bazalto arba aramido pluoŠtu. Ši kompozitinė armatūra pasižymi dideliu tempiamuoju stipriu ir atsparumu elektromagnetiniam laukui. Kompozitinių strypų gamyboje naudojamos skirtingos medžiagos ir taikomi įvairūs pavirŠiaus dengimo būdai, skiriasi jų mechaninės bei sukibimo su betonu savybės. Lyginant su plienine armatūra, stiklo, aramido ir bazalto kompozitiniai strypų tamprumo modulis yra mažesnis, todėl tokiais strypais armuotų konstrukcijų standumas taip pat yra mažesnis nei gelžbetoninių konstrukcijų. Dabartiniuose gelžbetoninių konstrukcijų projektavimo reglamentuose taikomi empiriniai supaprastinti deformacijų nustatymo metodai gali būti netinkami konstrukcijoms, armuotoms polimerine armatūra, projektuoti. Šiame darbe, naudojant mokslinėse publikacijose surinktų 46 eksperimentinių tyrimų ir autorių atliktų 6 sijų bandymų duomenis, buvo įvertintas kompozitais armuoto betono elementų įlinkių skaičiavimo metodų tikslumas. Analizei atlikti buvo pasirinkti Europos (LST EN 1992-1-1:2005), JAV (ACI 318M-11) ir Rusijos (SP 52-101-2003) armuotojo betono konstrukcijų projektavimo normų bei Italijos (CNR-DT 203/2006) ir JAV (ACI 440.1R-06) projektavimo rekomendacijų metodai. Gauti analizės rezultatai suteiks projektuotojams iŠsamesnę informaciją apie kompozitais armuotų betoninių elementų projektavimą, skatins didins Šių inovatyvių medžiagų naudojimo apimtį įvairiose statybinėse konstrukcijose.

scholarly journals Old Uyghur Fragments in the Serindia Collection: Provenance, Acquisition and Processing

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 43-64
Author(s):  
Olga V. Lundysheva ◽  
Anna A. Turanskaya
Keyword(s):  
Major Part ◽  
Central Asian ◽  
Processing History ◽  
History Of ◽  
Eastern Turkestan

The first expeditions to Eastern Turkestan that discovered Old Uyghur manuscripts and block prints were from Russia. A number of the Old Uyghur fragments were found already in the course of the Turfan expedition in 18891890. These fragments, along with the ones in other languages and scripts, were subsequently acquired by the Russian officials N. Petrovsky and N.Krotkov and the expeditions headed by S. Oldenburg (19091910; 19141915) and S. Malov (19091911; 19131914). They formed the so-called Serindia (formerly known as Central Asian) collection kept nowadays at the IOM, RAS. The major part of the Serindia collection consists of the Old Uyghur fragments. Obtained by the expeditions to Eastern Turkestan, according to the customary tradition they were transferred to the Asiatic Museum. This paper presents the results of our study of the provenance, aquisition and processing history of the Old Uyghur fragments.

scholarly journals Contemporary Murals in the Street and Urban Art Field: Critical Reflections between Preventive Conservation and Restoration of Public Art

Heritage ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 2515-2525
Author(s):  
Paola Mezzadri
Keyword(s):  
Social Recognition ◽  
Current Debate ◽  
Urban Context ◽  
Preventive Conservation ◽  
Urban Art ◽  
Works Of Art ◽  
Innovative Materials ◽  
The Moment ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Critical Reflections

This paper focuses on the presentation of some of the main critical reflections concerning the current debate about conservation and restoration of contemporary murals in the Street and Urban Art field. More and more, the operations thought of for this kind of wall paintings are connected to the concept of preventive conservation or some actions with the aim of reducing the future deterioration linked to the outdoor context. The idea of protecting urban and street murals arises from two principal issues: on one hand, the (not yet) official, but social, recognition of them as works of art and beloved icons in the communities—or better “testimonies which spread the values of civilization” (definition of Cultural Heritage) from the last decades of the XX century to nowadays—and, on the other hand, the necessity of finding a way to preserve their artistic messages in the ephemeral urban context. In fact, developing a correct plan for the conservation and restoration of these works of art located in the outdoor context needs to consider—more than ever—the strict relationship between their materials, their environment, and even their viewer. This fragile axiom is strictly linked to the law of the street, where all the decay processes are, often, unpredictable. At the moment, the ICR’s (The Istituto Centrale per il Restauro) research in this field is focused on a work in progress project to develop some trials and tests with innovative materials for their preservation and a common glossary to outline particular forms of damaging in murals often based on “plastic on a wall”. The final aim could be to define institutional guidelines for the preservation of urban and street contemporary mural paintings in a perspective of a “share for care” conservative program.

scholarly journals De opinierichtingen in de Belgische dagbladpers

Res Publica ◽  
1975 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 223-244
Author(s):  
Theo Luykx
Keyword(s):  
Political Parties ◽  
Political Party ◽  
Major Part ◽  
The Other ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
French Speaking ◽  
The Moment ◽  
Total Circulation

From the outset the Belgian press has been a political press. The catholic and liberal newspapers, however, have never been tightly linked to the corresponding political parties, whereas the socialist and communistnewspapers depend officially from their respective political party so that they can be considered as real party-papers.Of the 39 Belgian newspapers 20 can be defined as catholic, 7 as liberal, 7 as socialist and 1 as communist ; 4 newspapers call themselves «neutral», but on several political occasions they heve nevertheless taken up position. Among these 39 newspapers only 19 can be considered as «independent» : of the 20 catholic newspapers 16 belang to 5 different newspaper chains ; 7 of the liberal dailies are owned by only 3 newspaper groups; 3 of the 7 socialist papers belang to the same chain and 3 of the so-called «neutral» dailies are published by only one group.From the circulation figures of the Flemish press it emerges that the catholic and liberal newspapers make some progress, while the socialist dailies are constantly regressing. The total circulation of the Frenchspeaking newspapers is slightly receding, but here again the socialist newspapers are the big losers. It should be noticed that only the circulation figures of the Flemish newspapers are officially ascertained, whereas the major part of the French-speaking newspapers do not allow such an official control.From this it is clear that in Belgium there exists a real disproportion between the number of readers of political opinionnewspapers and the voters for the corresponding political parties. For the moment the number of readers of catholic newspapers surpasses the amount of voters for the CVP-PSC-party in an considerable way. This also applies to the liberal press, where the amount of readers outnumbers the voters for the PW-PLP-party. On the other hand, the number of readers of socialist newspapers even does not amount to half of the numbers of voters for the BSP-PSB-party.

scholarly journals An Economic Approach to Family Institution: Regulation of Spouses’ Property Relations in the Republic of Lithuania

Ekonomika ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 76 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dalia Perkumienė ◽  
Vida Čiulevičienė
Keyword(s):  
Major Part ◽  
Social Benefits ◽  
Economic Approach ◽  
Property Relations ◽  
Tax Exemptions ◽  
Traditional Societies ◽  
The Republic ◽  
The Moment ◽  
Different Cultures ◽  
India And China

The paper analyses the problem which is relevant both theoretically and practically, since it tries to disclose family as an economic institution credited with important financial advantages, and it provides different economic and social benefits such as tax exemptions, inheritance, child and spouse maintenance, social security and immsigration. This position is revealed analysing the regulation of legal property relations between spouses by laws, various scientific and legal literary works related to this topic as well as court practice.At the moment of marriage commencement, property relations used to acquire a significant value in a major part of traditional societies: in some countries, bride’s parents would award their daughters with dowry, the size of which very often determined the groom’s choice; in other countries, especially in the East, a groom would pay a ransom for his bride. In some countries such customs are extant to the present day and constitute a traditional part of a marriage settlement. In different cultures the bride’s parents must give away part of their property to the newlyweds (known as a dowry). The dowrygiving practice is similar in such countries as Greece, Egypt, India, and China. The type of property called wife’s property exists in the countries of different religions and customs. For instance, the Hindu law entitles the wife’s property as Stridhanam.

B. The Non-Linear Calculations for Pulsating Stars

1967 ◽  
Vol 28 ◽  
pp. 105-176
Author(s):  
Robert F. Christy
Keyword(s):  
Major Part ◽  
Afternoon Session ◽  
Discussion Session ◽  
Pulsating Stars ◽  
Fourth Symposium ◽  
Non Linear ◽  
Considerable Discussion ◽  
Informal Approach ◽  
Preceding Session

(Ed. note: The custom in these Symposia has been to have a summary-introductory presentation which lasts about 1 to 1.5 hours, during which discussion from the floor is minor and usually directed at technical clarification. The remainder of the session is then devoted to discussion of the whole subject, oriented around the summary-introduction. The preceding session, I-A, at Nice, followed this pattern. Christy suggested that we might experiment in his presentation with a much more informal approach, allowing considerable discussion of the points raised in the summary-introduction during its presentation, with perhaps the entire morning spent in this way, reserving the afternoon session for discussion only. At Varenna, in the Fourth Symposium, several of the summaryintroductory papers presented from the astronomical viewpoint had been so full of concepts unfamiliar to a number of the aerodynamicists-physicists present, that a major part of the following discussion session had been devoted to simply clarifying concepts and then repeating a considerable amount of what had been summarized. So, always looking for alternatives which help to increase the understanding between the different disciplines by introducing clarification of concept as expeditiously as possible, we tried Christy's suggestion. Thus you will find the pattern of the following different from that in session I-A. I am much indebted to Christy for extensive collaboration in editing the resulting combined presentation and discussion. As always, however, I have taken upon myself the responsibility for the final editing, and so all shortcomings are on my head.)

The High Resolution Scanning Transmission Electron Microscope

1974 ◽  
Vol 32 ◽  
pp. 316-317
Author(s):  
A. V. Crewe
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscope ◽  
High Resolution ◽  
High Vacuum ◽  
Scanning Transmission Electron Microscope ◽  
Ultra High Vacuum ◽  
Resolving Power ◽  
Imaging Characteristics ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Scanning Transmission ◽  
The Moment

The high resolution STEM is now a fact of life. I think that we have, in the last few years, demonstrated that this instrument is capable of the same resolving power as a CEM but is sufficiently different in its imaging characteristics to offer some real advantages.It seems possible to prove in a quite general way that only a field emission source can give adequate intensity for the highest resolution^ and at the moment this means operating at ultra high vacuum levels. Our experience, however, is that neither the source nor the vacuum are difficult to manage and indeed are simpler than many other systems and substantially trouble-free.

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