Policy instruments and policy mixes for knowledge transfer

2019 ◽  
pp. 77-96
Keyword(s):  
Knowledge Transfer ◽  
Policy Instruments ◽  
Policy Mixes

scholarly journals The Choice of Innovation Policy Instruments

2019 ◽  
pp. 212-228
Author(s):  
Susana Borrás ◽  
Charles Edquist
Keyword(s):  
Innovation Policy ◽  
Innovation System ◽  
Policy Instruments ◽  
The Political ◽  
Public Agencies ◽  
Instrument Choice ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Policy Mixes

The purpose of this chapter is to discuss the different types of instruments of innovation policy, to examine how governments and public agencies in different countries and different times have used these instruments differently, to explore the political nature of instrument choice and design (and associated issues), and to elaborate a set of criteria for the selection and design of the instruments in relation to the formulation of holistic innovation policy. The chapter argues that innovation policy instruments must be designed and combined into mixes that address the problems of the innovation system. These mixes are often called ‘policy mixes’, though we prefer the term ‘instrument mix’. The wide combination of instruments into such mixes is what makes innovation policy ‘holistic’.

The role of multi-target policy instruments in agri-environmental policy mixes

2014 ◽  
Vol 145 ◽  
pp. 180-190 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christian Schader ◽  
Nicholas Lampkin ◽  
Adrian Muller ◽  
Matthias Stolze
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Policy ◽  
Policy Instruments ◽  
Policy Mixes

scholarly journals Forks in the Road to E-Mobility: An Evaluation of Instrument Interaction in National Policy Mixes in Northwest Europe

Energies ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 475 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marc Dijk ◽  
Eric Iversen ◽  
Antje Klitkou ◽  
René Kemp ◽  
Simon Bolwig ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
National Policy ◽  
Policy Instruments ◽  
Electric Mobility ◽  
Charging Infrastructure ◽  
Electric Cars ◽  
The Road ◽  
Conditional Effects ◽  
Fiscal Incentives ◽  
Policy Mixes ◽  
Coordinated Charging

This paper evaluates how policy shaped the emergence of electric mobility in three countries, Norway, the Netherlands and Denmark, between 2010 and 2015. Whereas previous studies have looked at the effects of separate policy instruments, this paper gives insights in the interaction effects of instruments on the diffusion of battery electric cars between five policy areas. Based on analysis of synergetic, contradictory and pre-conditional effects, we find that an effective policy mix includes: fiscal incentives that mirror the actual carbon footprint of the respective vehicles; non-fiscal demand-side incentives; centrally financed and/or coordinated charging infrastructure; clarity regarding the choice of technology that will be supported. Moreover, development of a domestic, e-mobility-related industry and a high share of renewable energy strengthens the legitimization of e-mobility support. The findings help designing policy mixes in the transition to electric mobility.

scholarly journals Engines of learning? Policy instruments, cities and climate governance

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ekaterina Domorenok ◽  
Anthony R. Zito
Keyword(s):  
Local Governments ◽  
Policy Instruments ◽  
Individual Motivation ◽  
European Institutions ◽  
Regional Coordination ◽  
Policy Mixes ◽  
Elite Interviews ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Different Levels ◽  
The Eu

AbstractThis contribution investigates how combinations of instruments, often called policy mixes, enhance policy learning processes at different levels. It analyzes the European Union’s (EU) Covenant of Mayors (CoM) that is underpinned by a set of learning instruments, to promote local action for sustainable energy and climate. The piece offers an original framework to explore whether and how the Covenant enhances learning at the level of European institutions and among local governments. Drawing on an extensive documentary review and elite interviews in four countries (Germany, Italy, Poland and the UK), the analysis shows that the CoM instrument mix has enhanced certain elements of learning within the actors leading the Covenant as well as many of the local governments within and outside the EU, but only if certain conditions operate, such as political leadership, individual motivation and knowledge and regional coordination mechanisms.

scholarly journals Policy Mixes as a Strategy to Provide More Effective Social and Environmental Benefits: Evidence from Six Rural Areas in Europe

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (23) ◽  
pp. 6632
Author(s):  
Francesco Mantino ◽  
Francesco Vanni
Keyword(s):  
Public Goods ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Policy Instruments ◽  
Environmental Benefits ◽  
New Governance ◽  
Public Intervention ◽  
Cooperative Action ◽  
Local Actors ◽  
Policy Mixes

At the EU level, agricultural and rural development policies are increasingly oriented and targeted to the provision of public goods associated with farming. While most analysis focuses on the efficiency and effectiveness of specific types of interventions, this paper aims at exploring the role of policy mixes in stimulating the provision of environmental and social benefits (ESBs) associated with agriculture. The role of policy mixes in determining the provision of ESBs to farming is a complex matter, since different types of policies may have synergistic, overlapping and/or contrasting effects. On the basis of a comparative analysis of six case studies in different European countries, the analysis shows interesting solutions already being experimented with in the field by local actors working together through some form of cooperative action, highlighting how public intervention is often a combination of different policy instruments that may vary according to the type of socio-economic and institutional settings as well as according to the type of ESB targeted. The effectiveness of policy mixes depends not only on the design and implementation phases, but also on new governance arrangements stimulating alternative mechanisms of public goods provision, including market mechanisms and collective action.

scholarly journals Do policy instruments matter? Governments’ choice of policy mix and higher education performance in Western Europe

2019 ◽  
Vol 40 (3) ◽  
pp. 375-401 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giliberto Capano ◽  
Andrea Pritoni ◽  
Giulia Vicentini
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Western Europe ◽  
Policy Design ◽  
Qualitative Comparative Analysis ◽  
Policy Instruments ◽  
Large Data ◽  
Policy Mix ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Policy Mixes ◽  
Education Performance

AbstractGovernments pursue their goals by adopting various mixes of policy instruments. This article proposes a specific operationalisation of these mixes and applies it to the analysis of reforms that many Western European governments have pursued, as they have adopted a similar policy design in their higher education systems (HESs) over the last 20 years. In fact, although these policies have similar templates, performance indicators exhibit remarkable variation between countries. Thus, by applying Qualitative Comparative Analysis to a large data set containing all changes in policy instruments undertaken in the last 20 years in 12 HESs in Western Europe, this article explores the possibility that differences in performance across national HESs could be associated – ceteris paribus – with different policy mixes. This article finds not only that the common template has been applied through very different national policy mixes but also that only a few instruments are regularly linked to good teaching performance, regardless of the other components of the actual policy mix.

scholarly journals The Knowns and Unknowns of Policy Instrument Analysis: Policy Tools and the Current Research Agenda on Policy Mixes

SAGE Open ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 215824401990056 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giliberto Capano ◽  
Michael Howlett
Keyword(s):  
Policy Design ◽  
Policy Instruments ◽  
Policy Instrument ◽  
Policy Tools ◽  
Important Work ◽  
Instrument Analysis ◽  
Relevant Topic ◽  
Current Article ◽  
Policy Mixes ◽  
Policy Fields

Policies are made and pursue their goals through policy instruments. Furthermore, policy instruments have become a relevant topic in many policy fields due to their theoretical and empirical relevance. The study of this field dates back to Lowi and others who developed many typologies and theories in classic works by authors such as Hood, Salamon, Linder and Peters, Peters and van Nispen, Schneider and Ingram, Lascomes and Le Galès, among others. This is important work that is linked closely to current research on policy design but, despite much effort, many fundamental issues remain unknown or understudied with respect to the topic. It is time to take inventory of the knowns and unknowns about policy tools. The current article examines four clusters of basic issues in the field which require further research.

Instruments for Policy Integration: How Policy Mixes Work Together

SAGE Open ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 215824402110321
Author(s):  
Guillermo M. Cejudo ◽  
Cynthia L. Michel
Keyword(s):  
Policy Instruments ◽  
Decision Makers ◽  
Policy Tools ◽  
Policy Integration ◽  
Policy Mix ◽  
Specific Policy ◽  
Complex Problems ◽  
Policy Mixes ◽  
Integrated Logic ◽  
Over Time

To effectively address complex problems, different policy instruments must be integrated into policy mixes. A crucial task for the policymaker is to identify the set of instruments to be deployed and to integrate them into a policy mix. However, policy instruments not only need to be coherent in their design; their implementation also requires instruments that create interdependence and preserve the integrated logic of the policy mix over time. In this paper we identify the instruments that make integration work. We argue that for policy mixes to solve complex problems, instruments that secure the continued interaction of its components are needed. We show that three instruments serve this purpose: a policy frame, authority, and information. We use three cases where governments have attempted to solve complex problems through policy integration to illustrate our argument. With this paper, we advance our understanding of how integration works and, by doing so, we inform decision-makers about the specific policy tools necessary to achieve it.

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