GDP per capita is high and well-being indicators compare favourably

2017 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Well Being ◽  
Gdp Per Capita ◽  
Per Capita

scholarly journals Non-Price Criteria for the Evaluation of the Tender Offers in Public Procurement of Ukraine

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 44
Author(s):  
Alexander Baranovsky ◽  
Nataliia Tkachenko ◽  
Vladimer Glonti ◽  
Valentyna Levchenko ◽  
Kateryna Bogatyrova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Procurement ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Gdp Per Capita ◽  
Tender Offers ◽  
Product Categories ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Over Time ◽  
The Eu

Traditionally, public procurement has been associated with the measurement of achieving savings. However, recent research shows that the economic impact of public procurement is not limited only to savings, but by measuring the impact of four capitals—natural, human, social, and economic—on sustainable well-being over time. Ukraine is a country with a very low gross domestic product (GDP) per capita, which exacerbates the problem of the impact of public procurement results on the population’s welfare. Ukrainian public procurement legislation allows customers to apply non-price criteria (the share of non-price criteria cannot be more than 70%), which, together, are taken into account in the formula of the quoted price. The studies show that the effect of the use of non-price criteria depends on the relevance of the method of the evaluation of non-price criteria. The most important non-price criteria for Ukrainian customers by product categories and the methods of their evaluation are analyzed according to the Bi.prozorro.org analytics module. Therefore, it is concluded that the quoted price method, which is used in Ukrainian practice, is not relevant in comparison with the method used in the EU. A survey of the government buyers on the practice of applying non-price criteria was conducted, and the areas of their use were identified.

scholarly journals Does the Credit Cycle Have an Impact on Happiness?

2019 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 183 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tinghui Li ◽  
Junhao Zhong ◽  
Mark Xu
Keyword(s):  
Fixed Effects ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Gdp Per Capita ◽  
Subjective Well Being ◽  
Fixed Effects Model ◽  
Credit Expansion ◽  
Transmission Channels ◽  
Credit Cycle ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
The Relationship

The 2008 international financial crisis triggered a heated discussion of the relationship between public health and the economic environment. We test the relationship between the credit cycle and happiness using the fixed effects model and explore the transmission channels between them by adding the moderating effect. The results show the following empirical regularities. First, the credit cycle has a negative correlation with happiness. This means that credit growth will reduce the overall happiness score in a country/region. Second, the transmission channels between the credit cycle and happiness are different during credit expansion and recession. Life expectancy and generosity can moderate the relationship between the credit cycle and happiness only during credit expansion. GDP per capita can moderate this relationship only during credit recession. Social support, freedom, and positive affect can moderate this relationship throughout the credit cycle. Third, the total impact of the credit cycle on happiness will become positive by the changes in the moderating effects. In general, we can improve subjective well-being if one of the following five conditions holds: (1) with the adequate support from the family and society, (2) with enough freedom, (3) with social generosity, (4) with a positive and optimistic outlook, and (5) with a high level of GDP per capita.

scholarly journals Global improvements in Years of Good Life since 1950

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Erich Striessnig ◽  
Claudia Reiter ◽  
Anna Dimitrova
Keyword(s):  
Life Expectancy ◽  
Good Life ◽  
Composite Index ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Gdp Per Capita ◽  
World Population ◽  
Aggregate Level ◽  
Recent Past ◽  
Cognitive Limitations ◽  
Per Capita

Human well-being at the national aggregate level is typically measured by GDP per capita, life expectancy or a composite index such as the HDI. A more recent alternative is the Years of Good Life (YoGL) indicator presented by Lutz et al. (2018; 2021). YoGL represents a refinement of life expectancy in which only those person-years in a life table are counted that are spent free from material (1), physical (2) or cognitive limitations (3), while being subjectively perceived as satisfying (4). In this article, we present the reconstruction of YoGL to 1950 for 140 countries. Since life expectancy – as reported by the UN World Population Prospects in fiveyearly steps – forms the basis of our reconstruction, the presented dataset is also available on a five-yearly basis. In addition, like life expectancy, YoGL can be flexibly calculated for different sub-populations. Hence, we present separate YoGL estimates for women and men. Due to a lack of data, only the material dimension can be reconstructed based directly on empirical inputs since 1950. The remaining dimensions are modelled based on information from the more recent past.

scholarly journals Does the post-socialist past determine the relationship between GDP per capita and education? Evidence from Europe

2018 ◽  
Vol 68 (4) ◽  
pp. 573-589
Author(s):  
Zsuzsanna Banász ◽  
Vivien Valéria Csányi
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Tertiary Education ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Gdp Per Capita ◽  
Key Factors ◽  
Huge Amount ◽  
Enrolment Rate ◽  
Level Of Education ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
The Relationship

Education is one of the key factors of economic growth. Despite the huge amount of researches investigating the relationship between education and GDP as a proxy of well-being, to the best of our knowledge, none of these studies examined a group of post-socialist countries comparing with not-post-socialist countries. This paper aims to fill this gap. We examine the correlation between growth and education with panel data evidence for 18 post-socialist (PS) countries and 16 developed market economies (DME) over the 1990–2014 period. The goal of this paper is to test two hypotheses: (i) The relationship between GDP per capita and tertiary education’s enrolment rate is stronger in the post-socialist countries than in other countries. (ii) In the post-socialist countries, the relationship between GDP per capita and tertiary education’s enrolment rate is stronger than the relationship between GDP per capita and any other level of education. Correlation analyses confirmed both hypotheses. Our findings suggest that the patterns of relationship between GDP and measures of tertiary education are different for PS and DME countries and would be interesting to observe when and how the gap between the patterns disappears.

An index of sustainable economic welfare for Romania

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (8) ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Anca Butnariu ◽  
Florin Alexandru Luca
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Gdp Per Capita ◽  
Economic Welfare ◽  
Road Accidents ◽  
Distribution Costs ◽  
The Status ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
Household Labour ◽  
Economic Well Being

This paper has the objective to develop an Index of Sustainable Welfare for Romania from 1990 to 2017, in order to more clearly establish the status of the Romanian economy in terms of economic welfare. The results show that whilst gross domestic product (GDP) per capita increased significantly, the ISEW per capita grew at a much slower pace. The value of household labour contributes strongly to the growth of welfare, but income distribution, costs of climate change, cost of road accidents and cost of air pollution limit an improvement of population economic well-being. Our new valuation approach confirms the general conclusion of most authors on economic development that, during last decades, welfare has shown little improvement in spite of a growing GDP. Our conclusion is that the ISEW provides a useful alternative to indicators such as GDP despite subjected to its limitations and criticism. Keywords: Economic welfare, GDP, ISEW.

THE ABSOLUTION OF HISTORY: CUBAN LIVING STANDARDS AFTER 60 YEARS OF REVOLUTIONARY RULE

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-32
Author(s):  
John Devereux
Keyword(s):  
Well Being ◽  
Living Standards ◽  
Gdp Per Capita ◽  
Annual Growth Rate ◽  
Spanish Speaking ◽  
Education And Health ◽  
Economic Experiment ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
Welfare Measures ◽  
The Revolution

ABSTRACT Six decades ago, Cuba initiated a momentous social and economic experiment. This paper documents the effects of the experiment on Cuban living standards. Before the revolution, Cuban income per capita was on a par with Ireland or Finland. Indeed, Cuba was one of the richest of the Spanish-speaking societies. Growth is glacially slow after the revolution as GDP per capita increased by 40 per cent between 1957 and 2017 equal to an annual growth rate of 0.6 per cent—among the lowest anywhere. To be sure, other dimensions of well-being such as education and health improved, yet broader welfare measures do not change the conclusion that the revolution impoverished Cuba relative to any plausible counter factual.

scholarly journals Beyond GDP? Welfare across Countries and Time

2016 ◽  
Vol 106 (9) ◽  
pp. 2426-2457 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charles I. Jones ◽  
Peter J. Klenow
Keyword(s):  
Western Europe ◽  
Well Being ◽  
The United States ◽  
Gdp Per Capita ◽  
Summary Statistic ◽  
Micro Data ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
Highly Correlated ◽  
Beyond Gdp ◽  
Economic Well Being

We propose a summary statistic for the economic well-being of people in a country. Our measure incorporates consumption, leisure, mortality, and inequality, first for a narrow set of countries using detailed micro data, and then more broadly using multi-country datasets. While welfare is highly correlated with GDP per capita, deviations are often large. Western Europe looks considerably closer to the United States, emerging Asia has not caught up as much, and many developing countries are further behind. Each component we introduce plays a significant role in accounting for these differences, with mortality being most important. (JEL D63, E21, E23, E24, I12, O57)

scholarly journals The Role of ICT and Entrepreneurship in forming Sustainable Supply Chains: Before and After the Covid-19 Pandemic

2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 461-488
Author(s):  
R. S. Rogulin ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Cluster Analysis ◽  
Supply Chains ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Efficiency Index ◽  
Entrepreneurial Activity ◽  
Gdp Per Capita ◽  
Crisis Period ◽  
Per Capita

Supply chain management is currently undergoing a significant digital transformation driven by the COVID-19 pandemic. The purpose of this study is to assess the role of digital technologies and entrepreneurship in improving the efficiency of supply chains in the pre-crisis and post-crisis periods. The paper considers GDP per capita as a value characterizing the degree of the country's well-being in the pre-crisis period; the LPI logistics efficiency index which determines the degree of development of the logistics environment in the country; the TIDL digital life index, which assesses the degree of development of the economy from the standpoint of digitalization; the GEI entrepreneurship index reflecting the degree of development of entrepreneurship in the country. A cluster analysis of countries by regression coefficients of the dependence of GDP per capita on the year is carried out. The result of the cluster analysis was the division of many countries into clusters, from which two economies were taken for further analysis. The work resulted in conclusions about a significant relationship between ICT and logistics efficiency, between the level of entrepreneurship and the efficiency of logistics in the pre-crisis period. It is shown that developed economies have high efficiency of logistics systems, high values ​​of the rating of digital life and the level of entrepreneurship, which cannot be argued for countries with a level of development starting from the middle and below. The main conclusion of the study is the fact that, firstly, the active introduction of ICT makes it possible to restore supply chains destroyed by the crisis, to increase their efficiency, and secondly, the development of entrepreneurial activity in the country gives a serious impetus to the efficiency of supply chains, as a result of which businesses get a chance not only to survive amid a pandemic, but also gain significant benefits. This work is constrained by the lack of post-crisis data, so there is a huge spectrum to complement the current research on the stability and resilience of supply chains during and after pandemics.

FCTC Ratification, Smoking Prevalence and GDP per Capita : Lesson Learn for Indonesia

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abdillah Ahsan ◽  
Rifai Afin ◽  
Nadira Amalia ◽  
Martha Hindriyani ◽  
Ardhini Risfa Jacinda
Keyword(s):  
Tobacco Control ◽  
Smoking Prevalence ◽  
Tobacco Industry ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Least Square ◽  
Gdp Per Capita ◽  
Country Level ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Background The stagnated tobacco control progress in Indonesia needs to be accelerated through a more comprehensive implementation of Framework Convention of Tobacco Control (FCTC) measurement. Nevertheless, the tobacco industry argument concerning the negative economic impacts of tobacco control still hinders the government to ratify or even sign the FCTC, which has been ratified by more than 180 countries. This study aims to bring the empirical evidence on the tobacco industry argument concerning FCTC. This study applied two stage least square estimation strategy to unbalanced panel data at country level. On the first stage we estimate the impact FCTC ratification on smoking activity, and on the second step, estimating the influence of smoking activities on macroeconomic performance.Results The result of this study shows that FCTC ratification is negatively related to a country’s smoking prevalence, in which the ratifying party of FCTC has lower smoking prevalence. Moreover, country who ratifies FCTC longer is also associated with lower smoking prevalence. Whereas FCTC ratification is beneficial in reducing smoking prevalence, the declining smoking prevalence is not related to the decline in GDP per capita.Conclusions The result of this study shows the decrease in smoking prevalence has nothing to do with the macroeconomic indicator. Hence, FCTC ratification, which is an important driver for tobacco control actions acceleration, should not be seen as a backfire to the economy. Instead, FCTC ratification could be mutually beneficial for the health and economic aspects as it provides comprehensive guidance and protocols by taking into account the well-being states of both aspects.

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