THE ABSOLUTION OF HISTORY: CUBAN LIVING STANDARDS AFTER 60 YEARS OF REVOLUTIONARY RULE

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-32
Author(s):  
John Devereux
Keyword(s):  
Well Being ◽  
Living Standards ◽  
Gdp Per Capita ◽  
Annual Growth Rate ◽  
Spanish Speaking ◽  
Education And Health ◽  
Economic Experiment ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
Welfare Measures ◽  
The Revolution

ABSTRACT Six decades ago, Cuba initiated a momentous social and economic experiment. This paper documents the effects of the experiment on Cuban living standards. Before the revolution, Cuban income per capita was on a par with Ireland or Finland. Indeed, Cuba was one of the richest of the Spanish-speaking societies. Growth is glacially slow after the revolution as GDP per capita increased by 40 per cent between 1957 and 2017 equal to an annual growth rate of 0.6 per cent—among the lowest anywhere. To be sure, other dimensions of well-being such as education and health improved, yet broader welfare measures do not change the conclusion that the revolution impoverished Cuba relative to any plausible counter factual.

Individual Welfare Index: a Complement of GDP per Capita for Comparing Individual Welfare of Urban and Rural Areas

2020 ◽  
Vol 47 (1) ◽  
pp. 161-174
Author(s):  
Anneth Jonathan Mnabe ◽  
Amina Suleiman Msengwa ◽  
Deogratias Matayo Bengesi Rugaimukamu
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Living Standards ◽  
Gdp Per Capita ◽  
Specific Objective ◽  
Individual Welfare ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
Welfare Measures ◽  
Urban And Rural Areas ◽  
Welfare Index ◽  
Structured Questionnaire

Abstract The idea of developing an Individual Welfare Index (IWI) emanated from the criticisms raised against using Gross Domestic Product (GDP) per capita to compare living standards of urban and rural areas. There is evidence that good measures of welfare have to encompass both objective and subjective indicators where little has been empirically known. The specific objective of this paper was to propose a framework for developing an IWI that combines both subjective and objective aspects in an attempt to provide a satisfactory measure of individual welfare. The data were collected from 40 respondents aged 18–60 years within the randomly selected 20 households (i.e., two respondents in a household) using a structured questionnaire. The results showed that, the framework of welfare components were reliable to develop the IWI (Cronbach-Alpha ≥ 0.7) and that the computed IWI were 55.9 and 51.0 in the regions with the highest (about 3,000,000 TZS) and lowest (about 1,000,000 TZS) GDP per capita, respectively. It is concluded that, a satisfactory measure of welfare when comparing welfare performances in urban and rural areas, should include both objective and subjective welfare measures.

scholarly journals Non-Price Criteria for the Evaluation of the Tender Offers in Public Procurement of Ukraine

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 44
Author(s):  
Alexander Baranovsky ◽  
Nataliia Tkachenko ◽  
Vladimer Glonti ◽  
Valentyna Levchenko ◽  
Kateryna Bogatyrova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Procurement ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Gdp Per Capita ◽  
Tender Offers ◽  
Product Categories ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Over Time ◽  
The Eu

Traditionally, public procurement has been associated with the measurement of achieving savings. However, recent research shows that the economic impact of public procurement is not limited only to savings, but by measuring the impact of four capitals—natural, human, social, and economic—on sustainable well-being over time. Ukraine is a country with a very low gross domestic product (GDP) per capita, which exacerbates the problem of the impact of public procurement results on the population’s welfare. Ukrainian public procurement legislation allows customers to apply non-price criteria (the share of non-price criteria cannot be more than 70%), which, together, are taken into account in the formula of the quoted price. The studies show that the effect of the use of non-price criteria depends on the relevance of the method of the evaluation of non-price criteria. The most important non-price criteria for Ukrainian customers by product categories and the methods of their evaluation are analyzed according to the Bi.prozorro.org analytics module. Therefore, it is concluded that the quoted price method, which is used in Ukrainian practice, is not relevant in comparison with the method used in the EU. A survey of the government buyers on the practice of applying non-price criteria was conducted, and the areas of their use were identified.

scholarly journals Does the Credit Cycle Have an Impact on Happiness?

2019 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 183 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tinghui Li ◽  
Junhao Zhong ◽  
Mark Xu
Keyword(s):  
Fixed Effects ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Gdp Per Capita ◽  
Subjective Well Being ◽  
Fixed Effects Model ◽  
Credit Expansion ◽  
Transmission Channels ◽  
Credit Cycle ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
The Relationship

The 2008 international financial crisis triggered a heated discussion of the relationship between public health and the economic environment. We test the relationship between the credit cycle and happiness using the fixed effects model and explore the transmission channels between them by adding the moderating effect. The results show the following empirical regularities. First, the credit cycle has a negative correlation with happiness. This means that credit growth will reduce the overall happiness score in a country/region. Second, the transmission channels between the credit cycle and happiness are different during credit expansion and recession. Life expectancy and generosity can moderate the relationship between the credit cycle and happiness only during credit expansion. GDP per capita can moderate this relationship only during credit recession. Social support, freedom, and positive affect can moderate this relationship throughout the credit cycle. Third, the total impact of the credit cycle on happiness will become positive by the changes in the moderating effects. In general, we can improve subjective well-being if one of the following five conditions holds: (1) with the adequate support from the family and society, (2) with enough freedom, (3) with social generosity, (4) with a positive and optimistic outlook, and (5) with a high level of GDP per capita.

scholarly journals Global improvements in Years of Good Life since 1950

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Erich Striessnig ◽  
Claudia Reiter ◽  
Anna Dimitrova
Keyword(s):  
Life Expectancy ◽  
Good Life ◽  
Composite Index ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Gdp Per Capita ◽  
World Population ◽  
Aggregate Level ◽  
Recent Past ◽  
Cognitive Limitations ◽  
Per Capita

Human well-being at the national aggregate level is typically measured by GDP per capita, life expectancy or a composite index such as the HDI. A more recent alternative is the Years of Good Life (YoGL) indicator presented by Lutz et al. (2018; 2021). YoGL represents a refinement of life expectancy in which only those person-years in a life table are counted that are spent free from material (1), physical (2) or cognitive limitations (3), while being subjectively perceived as satisfying (4). In this article, we present the reconstruction of YoGL to 1950 for 140 countries. Since life expectancy – as reported by the UN World Population Prospects in fiveyearly steps – forms the basis of our reconstruction, the presented dataset is also available on a five-yearly basis. In addition, like life expectancy, YoGL can be flexibly calculated for different sub-populations. Hence, we present separate YoGL estimates for women and men. Due to a lack of data, only the material dimension can be reconstructed based directly on empirical inputs since 1950. The remaining dimensions are modelled based on information from the more recent past.

scholarly journals Forecasting GDP Per Capita In Bangladesh: Using Arima Model

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Liton Chandra Voumik ◽  
Dilruba Yesmin Smrity
Keyword(s):  
Arima Model ◽  
Sustainable Growth ◽  
Decision Makers ◽  
Living Standards ◽  
Gdp Per Capita ◽  
Public And Private ◽  
Poor Countries ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
Key Indicators ◽  
Yearly Data

GDP per capita is one of the key indicators of the economic health of any country. It is often used by academicians and decision-makers to plan public and private policies. The work aims to forecast the real per capita GDP in Bangladesh. Using yearly data for Bangladesh from 1972 to 2019, the study analyzes future GDP per capita using the ARIMA technique. The ADF, PP, and KPSS tests showed that the appropriate model to forecast Bangladeshi GDP per capita is ARIMA (0, 2, 1). Finally, we applied in our paper the ARIMA model (0,2,1) to forecast the GDP per capita of Bangladesh for the next decade. The future GDP per capita shows that living standards in Bangladesh will continue. Indeed, Bangladesh's economy is growing, and other poor countries must learn from Bangladesh's experiences. The study offers policy prescriptions to help policymakers for Bangladesh on how to maintain, preserve, and promote sustainable growth in Bangladesh.

scholarly journals ON A QUESTION OF ECONOMIC GROWTH

2018 ◽  
pp. 54-57
Author(s):  
TEIMURAZ BERIDZE
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Foreign Aid ◽  
Real Income ◽  
Living Standards ◽  
Gdp Per Capita ◽  
Educational Standards ◽  
Environmental Standards ◽  
Education Standards ◽  
Investment Level ◽  
Per Capita

Economic development looks at a wider range than GDP per capita. Economic development is concerned with how people are actually affected. It looks at their actual living standards and social conditions. Measures of Economic development will look at: Real income per head – GDP per capita; Levels of literacy and education standards; Levels of healthcare (e.g. number of doctors per 1.000 population); Quality and availability of housing; Levels of environmental standards; Levels of infrastructure (transport, communication); Levels of corruption; Educational standards & labor productivity; Labor mobility; Flow of foreign aid & investment; Level of savings & investment; etc.

scholarly journals Does the post-socialist past determine the relationship between GDP per capita and education? Evidence from Europe

2018 ◽  
Vol 68 (4) ◽  
pp. 573-589
Author(s):  
Zsuzsanna Banász ◽  
Vivien Valéria Csányi
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Tertiary Education ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Gdp Per Capita ◽  
Key Factors ◽  
Huge Amount ◽  
Enrolment Rate ◽  
Level Of Education ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
The Relationship

Education is one of the key factors of economic growth. Despite the huge amount of researches investigating the relationship between education and GDP as a proxy of well-being, to the best of our knowledge, none of these studies examined a group of post-socialist countries comparing with not-post-socialist countries. This paper aims to fill this gap. We examine the correlation between growth and education with panel data evidence for 18 post-socialist (PS) countries and 16 developed market economies (DME) over the 1990–2014 period. The goal of this paper is to test two hypotheses: (i) The relationship between GDP per capita and tertiary education’s enrolment rate is stronger in the post-socialist countries than in other countries. (ii) In the post-socialist countries, the relationship between GDP per capita and tertiary education’s enrolment rate is stronger than the relationship between GDP per capita and any other level of education. Correlation analyses confirmed both hypotheses. Our findings suggest that the patterns of relationship between GDP and measures of tertiary education are different for PS and DME countries and would be interesting to observe when and how the gap between the patterns disappears.

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