Filogenia Preliminar do Gênero Rhabdocaulon Epling

UNICIÊNCIAS ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 71
Author(s):  
Giovanni Colussi ◽  
Maria Eduarda Venassi ◽  
Gustavo Agostini ◽  
Marcelo Rossato
Keyword(s):  
South America ◽  
Traditional Method ◽  
Wide Distribution ◽  
Economic Importance ◽  
Preliminary Evaluation ◽  
Aromatic Plants ◽  
Microbial Inhibition ◽  
The Family ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Genomic Material

O gênero Rhabdocaulon é um grupo de plantas aromáticas da família Lamiaceae, conhecida por ter espécies com enorme importância econômica pelo emprego de seus óleos essenciais e atividade biológica que esses possuem. Plantas dessa família vêm sendo utilizadas há muito tempo devido às características olfativas e até mesmo capacidade de exercer inibição microbiana em determinados testes com micro-organismos. Esse gênero compreende inúmeros indivíduos no decorrer do Sul da América. O estudo populacional de espécies vegetais vem sendo cada vez mais abordado, a fim de compreender melhor as interações evolutivas que determinadas espécies desenvolveram com o passar do tempo e especiações. As extrações de DNA foram executadas com método tradicional para extração de material genônico vegetal com auxílio de CTAB. Após a extração, as regiões ITS de rDNA e plastidial trnL-F foram amplificadas e sequenciadas. O trabalho visou avaliação preliminar da separação genética de algumas espécies dentro desse gênero, já que o grupo apresenta distribuição ampla na América do Sul. Com a avaliação das sequências, pode-se observar polimorfismo específico do grupo.Palavras-chave: Filogenia Preliminar. Lamiaceae. Rhabdocaulon.AbstractThe genus Rhabdocaulon is a group of aromatic plants of the family Lamiaceae, known for having species of enormous economic importance due to use of their essential oils and biological activity that they have. Plants of this family have been used for a long time because of their olfactory characteristics and even ability to exert microbial inhibition in certain tests with microorganisms. This genus comprises countless individuals throughout the South America. The population study of plant species has been increasingly approached in order to better understand the evolutionary interactions that certain species have developed as time goes by and speciations. The DNA extractions were performed using a traditional method for extracting plant genomic material with the aid of CTAB. After extraction, the ITS rDNA and plastid trnL-F regions were amplified and sequenced. The focus of the work was the preliminary evaluation of the genetic separation of some species within this genus, since the group has a wide distribution in South America. With the evaluation of the sequences, specific polymorphism of the group can be observed.Keywords: Preliminary Philogeny. Lamiacea. Rhabdocaulon.

scholarly journals Morphology and distribution of the freshwater mussel Diplodon granosus, a rare and poorly understood species

2020 ◽  
Vol 50 (1) ◽  
pp. 44-53 ◽  
Author(s):  
Igor Christo MIYAHIRA ◽  
Maria Cristina Dreher MANSUR ◽  
Daniel Mansur PIMPÃO ◽  
Sheyla Regina Marques COUCEIRO ◽  
Sonia Barbosa dos SANTOS
Keyword(s):  
South America ◽  
Freshwater Mussels ◽  
Freshwater Mussel ◽  
Wide Distribution ◽  
Large Area ◽  
The North ◽  
Coastal Rivers ◽  
The Status ◽  
Long Time

ABSTRACT Diplodon granosus was one of the first freshwater mussels to be described for South America. However, the status of the species was confusing for a long time, receiving different taxonomic treatments. In this paper, we redescribe the shell, with new data on the soft parts and information on the distribution and conservation of D. granosus, a rarely recorded species. The shell is thin, not inflated; the macrosculpture is composed only by granules that cover the whole shell, not forming bars; the microsculpture comprises short spikes. In the soft parts we highlight the few, weak and irregularly distributed lamellar connections of the outer demibranch and some features of the stomach, such as the distally enlarged minor typhlosole. There are records of D. granosus over a large area of South America, from Guiana to Argentina. However, most of these records are related to other species and the distribution of D. granosus is restricted to the north of South America in the basins of the Amazonas and Orinoco rivers, and coastal rivers in between. Despite this wide distribution, the species occurs in specific habitats, mainly streams (igarapés), resulting in an extremely fragmented occurrence. Thus, any disturbance to these habitats can threat this freshwater mussel.

scholarly journals Studies on the Systematics and Anatomy of New Zealand Earthworms

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Kenneth Ernest Lee
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
New Zealand ◽  
South America ◽  
Salt Water ◽  
Wide Distribution ◽  
Late Nineteenth Century ◽  
The Family ◽  
America South ◽  
Late Nineteenth ◽  
Original Area

<p>The study of New Zealand earthworms has been extensive, but has been confined principally to the systematics of the group. Only one family of the Oligochaeta, the Megascolecidae, is represented in the endemic fauna, but within this family, over eighty species, belonging to seventeen genera, have been recorded and described. Apart from the Megascolecidae, certain species, lumbricids, worldwide in their distribution, are present and are regarded as having been introduced through the agency of man. The family Megascolecidae is confined almost entirely to the Southern hemisphere, and the southern regions of the Northern hemisphere, and within these regions, the greatest number of species occur in New Zealand, South America, South Africa, and Australia. When the distribution of the Megascolecidae became known, in the late nineteenth century, its sporadic nature evoked a great deal of interest among zoo-geographers, since earthworms, being terrestrial, and unable to tolerate immersion in salt water, form an ideal basis for the consideration of dispersal problems among terrestrial animals as a whole. The interest thus aroused in the Megascolecidae led to much work on the group in New Zealand. Michaelsen (1913 (b)) accounts for the predominance of the Megascolecidae in the southern continental areas by postulating that originally the family had a wide distribution in the nothern and southern continents, and that other families (e.g. the Glossoscolecidae), evolved more recently in the northern continents, have gradually superseded the Megascolecidae in all but the most remote regions of their original area of distribution. Matthew (1915) came to a similar conclusion in regard to the origin of present southern faunas in the course of his work on the distribution and evolution of the Mammalia. Evidence in favour of Michaelsen's conclusions can also be derived from the distribution of slugs, spiders, Collembola, Coleoptera, littoral Echinoderms, Polychaeta and Brachiopoda in the southern land masses.</p>

scholarly journals Studies on the Systematics and Anatomy of New Zealand Earthworms

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Kenneth Ernest Lee
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
New Zealand ◽  
South America ◽  
Salt Water ◽  
Wide Distribution ◽  
Late Nineteenth Century ◽  
The Family ◽  
America South ◽  
Late Nineteenth ◽  
Original Area

<p>The study of New Zealand earthworms has been extensive, but has been confined principally to the systematics of the group. Only one family of the Oligochaeta, the Megascolecidae, is represented in the endemic fauna, but within this family, over eighty species, belonging to seventeen genera, have been recorded and described. Apart from the Megascolecidae, certain species, lumbricids, worldwide in their distribution, are present and are regarded as having been introduced through the agency of man. The family Megascolecidae is confined almost entirely to the Southern hemisphere, and the southern regions of the Northern hemisphere, and within these regions, the greatest number of species occur in New Zealand, South America, South Africa, and Australia. When the distribution of the Megascolecidae became known, in the late nineteenth century, its sporadic nature evoked a great deal of interest among zoo-geographers, since earthworms, being terrestrial, and unable to tolerate immersion in salt water, form an ideal basis for the consideration of dispersal problems among terrestrial animals as a whole. The interest thus aroused in the Megascolecidae led to much work on the group in New Zealand. Michaelsen (1913 (b)) accounts for the predominance of the Megascolecidae in the southern continental areas by postulating that originally the family had a wide distribution in the nothern and southern continents, and that other families (e.g. the Glossoscolecidae), evolved more recently in the northern continents, have gradually superseded the Megascolecidae in all but the most remote regions of their original area of distribution. Matthew (1915) came to a similar conclusion in regard to the origin of present southern faunas in the course of his work on the distribution and evolution of the Mammalia. Evidence in favour of Michaelsen's conclusions can also be derived from the distribution of slugs, spiders, Collembola, Coleoptera, littoral Echinoderms, Polychaeta and Brachiopoda in the southern land masses.</p>

Description of the male, redescription of the female and new records of Odo patricius Simon, 1900 (Araneae: Zoridae)

Zootaxa ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 3527 (1) ◽  
pp. 79
Author(s):  
ANDRES TAUCARE-RIOS ◽  
ANTONIO D. BRESCOVIT
Keyword(s):  
South America ◽  
Central America ◽  
West Indies ◽  
Type Species ◽  
New Records ◽  
Wide Distribution ◽  
Number Of Species ◽  
The Family ◽  
New Material ◽  
America South

The family Zoridae (F.O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1893) is currently represented by 14 genera and 79 species distributed worldwide (Platnick, 2012), of which only the genera Xenoctenus Mello-Leitão, 1938 and Odo Keyserling, 1887 are present in Americas. Xenoctenus is represented by four species, all endemic to Argentina, while Odo has, so far, a total of 27 species distributed in Central America, South America, West Indies and Australia (Platnick, 2012). The type species of Odo is O. lenis Keyserling, 1887, a specimen female described from Nicaragua. The genus Odo has never been revised and given its wide distribution and number of species, it is probably a polyphyletic genus and a complete revision is required. Also, no new material of O. lenis or O. patricius has been described since 1900.

Distribution of Heterocarpus laevigatus Bate, 1888 and Plesionika escatilis (Stimpson, 1860) along the Atlantic coast of South America (Crustacea: Caridea: Pandalidae)

Zootaxa ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 1577 (1) ◽  
pp. 33-39
Author(s):  
GIRLENE FÁBIA SEGUNDO VIANA ◽  
MARILENA RAMOS-PORTO ◽  
MARIA FERNANDA ABRANTES TORRES ◽  
MARIA DO CARMO FERRÃO SANTOS
Keyword(s):  
South America ◽  
Atlantic Coast ◽  
Coastal Region ◽  
Economic Importance ◽  
Cosmopolitan Distribution ◽  
The Family

The family Pandalidae has a cosmopolitan distribution, occurring from the coastal region to more than 3000 meters of depth, and includes some species of economic importance. Three genera occur from Brazil: Heterocarpus A. Milne Edwards, 1881, Plesionika Bate, 1888 and Pandalus Leach, 1814. During the collections of the Programa de Avaliação dos Recursos Vivos da Zona Econômica Exclusiva of Brazil (REVIZEE, Northeast Score) a male of Heterocarpus laevigatus was collected in Pernambuco State, at a depth of 500m and fourteen females and four males of Plesionika escatilis were collected off the States of Pernambuco, Alagoas and Bahia, in depths varying from 93 to 260m. These records supplement the information on the distribution of these species, and represent the first records of H. laevigatus and P. escatilis from the Atlantic coast of South America.

scholarly journals Pollen morphology and study of the visitors (Hymenoptera, Apidae) of Solanum stramoniifolium Jacq. (Solanaceae) in Central Amazon

2004 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 653-657 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexandre Coletto da Silva ◽  
Valdely Ferreira Kinupp ◽  
Maria Lucia Absy ◽  
Warwick Estevam Kerr
Keyword(s):  
South America ◽  
Preliminary Data ◽  
Pollen Morphology ◽  
Stingless Bees ◽  
Floral Biology ◽  
Wide Distribution ◽  
Plant Interactions ◽  
Potential Source ◽  
The Family ◽  
Solanaceae Family

The Solanaceae family has a wide distribution, mainly in the tropical and subtropical areas of South America. Solanum L. is one of the most important genera of the family with approximately 1,200 species. The objective of this work was to study the floral biology, pollen morphology as well as to investigate the bee visitors of S. stramoniifolium. Preliminary data indicate the presence of one species of stinging bee and four species of stingless bees as visitors to S. stramoniifolium. The pollen of S. stramoniifolium is tricolporate and psilate or without ornamentation. In a word, S. stramoniifolium constitutes a potential source of pollen for different species of bees with and without sting, providing an interesting field for germination studies, insect-plant interactions and floral biology that are already under way.

Reinterpretation of a Chilean pterosaur and the occurrence of Dsungaripteridae in South America

2000 ◽  
Vol 137 (1) ◽  
pp. 19-25 ◽  
Author(s):  
DAVID M. MARTILL ◽  
EBERHARD FREY ◽  
GUILLERMO CHONG DIAZ ◽  
C. M. BELL
Keyword(s):  
South America ◽  
New Genus ◽  
New Genus And Species ◽  
The Family

A fragmentary specimen of pterosaur originally assigned to the genus Pterodaustro Bonaparte, 1970 is reassessed. The presence of a sagittal dorsal cranial crest on a fragment of nasopreorbital arcade with linear vertical trabeculae and the occurrence of alveolar protuberances on the os dentale indicate the new specimen has similarities with crested pterodactyloid pterosaurs of the family Ctenochasmatidae, and with members of the Dsungaripteridae. The presence of alveolar protuberances allows us to assign the specimen to the Dsungaripteridae. It forms the basis of a new genus and species, Domeykodactylus ceciliae.

scholarly journals Ten new species of Cladonia (Cladoniaceae, Lichenized Fungi) from the Guianas and Venezuela, South America

Phytotaxa ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 93 (1) ◽  
pp. 25 ◽  
Author(s):  
TEUVO AHTI ◽  
HARRIE J. M. SIPMAN
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
South America ◽  
Lichenized Fungi ◽  
The Family ◽  
Northern South America ◽  
The Guianas

The diversity of the lichen family Cladoniaceae in the Neotropics is apparently underestimated. A revision of the family for the Flora of the Guianas resulted in the description of 10 species new to science from Northern South America: Cladonia cayennensis; Cladonia flavocrispata; Cladonia isidiifera; Cladonia maasii; Cladonia mollis; Cladonia persphacelata; Cladonia recta; Cladonia rupununii; Cladonia subsphacelata; Cladonia termitarum.

scholarly journals Chelonicola and Poulinea, two new gomphonemoid diatom genera (Bacillariophyta) living on marine turtles from Costa Rica

Phytotaxa ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 233 (3) ◽  
pp. 236 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roksana Majewska ◽  
J. P. Kociolek ◽  
Evan W. Thomas ◽  
Mario De Stefano ◽  
Mario Santoro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Costa Rica ◽  
Marine Mammals ◽  
Sea Turtles ◽  
Sea Turtle ◽  
New Genera ◽  
Olive Ridley ◽  
Lepidochelys Olivacea ◽  
Marine Turtles ◽  
The Family ◽  
Long Time

Marine mammals such as whales and dolphins have been known for a long time to host a very specific epizoic community on their skin. Less known however is the presence of a similar community on the carapaces of sea turtles. The present study is the first describing new taxa inhabiting sea turtle carapaces. Samples, collected from nesting olive ridley sea turtles (Lepidochelys olivacea) on Ostional Beach (Costa Rica), were studied using light and scanning electron microscopy. Two unknown small-celled gomphonemoid taxa were analysed in more detail and are described as two new genera, closely related to other gomphonemoid genera with septate girdle bands, such as Tripterion, Cuneolus and Gomphoseptatum. Chelonicola Majewska, De Stefano & Van de Vijver gen. nov. has a flat valve face, uniseriate striae composed of more than three areolae, simple external raphe endings, internally a siliceous flap over the proximal raphe endings and lives on mucilaginous stalks. Poulinea Majewska, De Stefano & Van de Vijver gen. nov. has at least one concave valve, uniseriate striae composed of only two elongated areolae, external distal raphe endings covered by thickened siliceous flaps and lives attached to the substrate by a mucilaginous pad. Chelonicola costaricensis Majewska, De Stefano & Van de Vijver sp. nov. and Poulinea lepidochelicola Majewska, De Stefano & Van de Vijver sp. nov. can be separated based on stria structure, girdle structure composed of more than 10 copulae, raphe structure and general valve outline. A cladistics analysis of putative members of the Rhoicospheniaceae indicates that the family is polyphyletic. Chelonicola and Poulinea are sister taxa, and form a monophyletic group with Cuneolus and Tripterion, but are not closely related to Rhoicosphenia, or other genera previously assigned to this family. Features used to help diagnose the family such as symmetry and presence of septa and pseudosepta are homoplastic across the raphid diatom tree of life.

FAMILY DIABETES AND MAIN NONCOMMUNICABLE DISEASES: THE DESCRIBED AND POTENTIAL EFFECT OF METFORMIN (remembering Vladimir Dilman)

2020 ◽  
pp. 713-720
Author(s):  
Л. М. Берштейн
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Potential Effect ◽  
Noncommunicable Diseases ◽  
The Family ◽  
Whole Number ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
Antidiabetic Biguanides

Работа посвящена двум медико-биологическим проблемам - семейному диабету (имея в виду наличие случаев сахарного диабета 2-го типа в семье, в том числе в разных поколениях), а также особенностям его связей с основными неинфекционными заболеваниями человека и приурочена к юбилею известнейшего отечественного специалиста (теоретика и врача) в области геронтологии и эндокринологии профессора В. М. Дильмана. Широко признанные труды Владимира Михайловича, основанные на оригинальных идеях и породившие важные практические следствия (включая применение антидиабетических бигуанидов в не использовавшихся до него областях, необходимость устранения метаболической иммунодепрессии, учета изменений с возрастом на уровне гипоталамического порога в различных гомеостатических системах и целого ряда других предложений), как представляется, в течение долгого времени будут питать интеллектуальным материалом и стимулировать к дальнейшему поиску его последователей и специалистов, которым еще предстоит окунуться в область, очерченную В. М. Дильманом и интересовавшую его в течение многих лет. The work discusses the two biomedical problems: family diabetes (bearing in mind the presence of cases of type 2 diabetes mellitus in the family, including its different generations) and the features of relationship of family diabetes with major non-communicable human diseases (NCDs). The paper is timed to the anniversary of the famous - in our country and abroad - expert in the field of gerontology and endocrinology, Professor V. M. Dilman. The widely recognized works of V. M. Dilman, based on original ideas and giving rise to important practical consequences (including the use of antidiabetic biguanides in areas not studied before him, the need to eliminate metabolic immunodepression, to take into account the changes with age at the level of the hypothalamic threshold in various homeostatic systems and a whole number of other essential proposals), which for a long time, as it seems, will stimulate the further scientific search of his followers and specialists, who have yet to get acquainted with the area that attracted Prof. Dilman and interested him for many years.

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