Genetic Pattern of Dental Caries in Families from a City in Southern Brazil

Fatores genéticos desempenham um importante papel na susceptibilidade à carie dentária na população. O objetivo deste estudo foi investigar, por meio da análise de segregação complexa (ASC), o padrão intergeracional da ocorrência da cárie dentária em famílias brasileiras. O estudo foi epidemiológico genético, observacional e transversal. A amostra foi constituída de 21 famílias que exibiam altos níveis de cárie (CPOD>4.5). Os participantes passaram por avaliação bucal, sendo que a cárie dentária foi registrada de acordo com o índice CPOD (dente cariado, perdido e obturado), seguindo as diretrizes da Organização Mundial de Saúde, bem como a presença de gengivite foi avaliada utilizando o índice de sangramento gengival. Foi aplicado um questionário para identificação dos fatores socioenconômicos e práticas de saúde bucal. Análises de regressão linear simples e múltipla foram realizadas para testar a associação entre cárie dentária e as variáveis independentes. A significância estatística foi considerada no nível de 5%, a ASC foi interpretada pelo programa S.A.G.E. A prevalência de cárie foi de 89,2%. Na análise múltipla, apenas a gengivite permaneceu associada (p = 0,005). A análise visual dos genogramas identificou um padrão familiar que sugere a predominância do modelo autossômico dominante. A frequência do alelo de resistência "A" foi estimada em 0,22. O valor médio de cárie foi de 1,35 para os genótipos AA e AB e de 3,95 para o BB. Os resultados do presente estudo fornecem evidências da presença de um gene importante com efeito dominante no controle do desenvolvimento de cárie dentária dentro da mesma família. Palavras-chave: Cárie Dentária. Epidemiologia Genética. Reabilitação Oral. Susceptibilidade. Abstract Genetic factors may play an important role in the susceptibility to dental caries of the human population. The objective of this study was to investigate, by means of complex segregation analysis (CSA), the intergeneration pattern in the occurrence of caries in Brazilian families. This was a cross-sectional, observational genetic epidemiological study. The sample consisted of 21 families whose probands exhibited high levels of caries (DMFT>4.5). All participants underwent an oral examination. Dental caries was recorded according to the DMFT index (decayed, missing, and filled teeth), according to World Health Organization guidelines and the presence of gingivitis was assessed by using the gingival bleeding index. A questionnaire was applied to identify the sociodemographic profile and practices on oral health. Simple and multiple linear regression analysis were performed to test the association between dental caries and the independent variables. Statistical significance was considered at the 5% level. The S.A.G.E program drove the CSA. The prevalence of caries was 89.2%. In the multiple analysis only gingivitis remained associated (p = 0.005). The visual analysis of genograms identified a family pattern that suggests the predominance of the autosomal dominant model. The frequency of resistance allele "A" was estimated at 0.22. The mean decay value was 1.35 for AA and AB genotypes and 3.95 for BB. The results of the present study provide evidence as to the presence of a major gene with a dominant effect controlling the appearance of dental caries, within the same family. Keywords: Dental Caries. Genetic Epidemiology. Oral Rehabilitation. Susceptibility.

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Determinant of intention to receive COVID-19 vaccine among school teachers in Gondar City, Northwest Ethiopia

PLoS ONE ◽

10.1371/journal.pone.0253499 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 16 (6) ◽

pp. e0253499

Author(s):

Simegnew Handebo ◽

Maereg Wolde ◽

Kegnie Shitu ◽

Ayenew Kassie

Keyword(s):

Health Beliefs ◽

Statistical Significance ◽

Linear Regression Analysis ◽

Study Participant ◽

Northwest Ethiopia ◽

World Health ◽

P Value ◽

School Teachers ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

To Receive

Background Scientists across the world are working on innovating a successful vaccine that will save lives and end COVID-19 pandemic. World Health Organization (WHO) is working to make sure COVID-19 vaccines can be safely delivered to all those who need them. Indeed, the successful deployment and a sufficient uptake of vaccines is equally important. Acceptance and accessibility of such vaccine is a key indicator of vaccination coverage. Objective This study aimed to assess the determinants of intention to receive COVID-19 vaccine among school teachers in Gondar City. Methods An institution based cross-sectional study was conducted from December, 2020 to January, 2021. A total of 301 school teachers selected using stratified simple random sampling were included. Descriptive analysis such as medians, means, proportions, standard deviations and frequencies were computed. Linear regression analysis was done to identify factors associated with intention to receive COVID-19 vaccine. A p-value of less than 0.05 was used to declare statistical significance. Results The median intention to receive COVID-19 vaccine was 3.33 with interquartile range of 2.67–4.0. Of the participants 54.8% had scored above the median of intention to receive COVID-19 vaccine score. 54% variance in intention to receive COVID-19 vaccine was explained by the independent variables. Being affiliated with other category of religion, bachelor degree educational status, perceived susceptibility, perceived benefit, perceived barrier, and cues to action were significantly associated with the intention to receive COVID-19 vaccine. Conclusion The median score of intention to receive COVID-19 vaccine was 3.33. Socio-demographic and health beliefs influenced the intention to receive the COVID-19 vaccine in the study participant. Policy makers and stakeholders should focus on strong health promotion about risks of the pandemic, benefit, safety, and efficacy of vaccination.

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Exploring the association between optimism and quality of life among informal caregivers of persons with dementia

International Psychogeriatrics ◽

10.1017/s104161021800090x ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 31 (3) ◽

pp. 309-315 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Pablo Ruisoto ◽

Israel Contador ◽

Bernardino Fernández-Calvo ◽

David Palenzuela ◽

Francisco Ramos

Keyword(s):

Quality Of Life ◽

Linear Regression Analysis ◽

Informal Caregivers ◽

Well Being ◽

Multiple Linear Regression Analysis ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

World Health ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

World Health Organization Quality

ABSTRACTObjective:We aimed to analyze the relationship between optimism and quality of life (QoL) among informal caregivers of patients with dementia (PWD).Design:In this cross-sectional study, a hierarchical multiple linear regression analysis was used to determine the association between optimism and caregiver's QoL after controlling the effect of different covariates, including burden.Participants:A sample of 130 PWD and their informal caregivers underwent a comprehensive protocol of assessment.Measurements:Caregivers completed the Battery of Generalized Expectancies of Control Scales, the Zarit Burden Interview, and the World Health Organization Quality of Life-Brief as measure of QoL. Optimism was estimated based on the combination of three expectancies of control, namely, self-efficacy, contingency, and success.Results:QoL correlated positively with optimism and negatively with burden. Optimism predicted each dimension of QoL, even after controlling for the effect of sociodemographic, care-recipients’ clinical covariates, and burden in all models.Conclusion:Optimism consistently predicted well-being and QoL in informal caregivers of PWD.

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Assessment of Brushing Techniques in School Children and Its Association with Dental Caries, Omdurman, 2019

International Journal of Dentistry ◽

10.1155/2021/4383418 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 2021 ◽

pp. 1-6

Author(s):

Rugaia Eltayeb Hag Maki Ibrahim ◽

Maha O. Helaly ◽

Ehab Mohamed Abdelhlim Ahmed

Keyword(s):

Socioeconomic Status ◽

Dental Caries ◽

Low Socioeconomic Status ◽

School Children ◽

Statistical Significance ◽

Sampling Technique ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

World Health ◽

Chi Square ◽

Cross Sectional

Background. Dental caries are a common infectious disease of childhood. It is a highly prevalent disease among children. Aim. The goal of this study was to assess the different brushing techniques used by school children and to identify if there is an association between brushing techniques and dental caries. Materials and Methods. A descriptive cross-sectional study was carried out among 396 school children (9–12 years old) chosen by convenience sampling technique from schools located in Omdurman locality, Sudan. After consent was taken, students were asked in an interview-based questionnaire about their brushing habits. Consequently, they were examined in an upright position using a sterile mouth mirror and a probe. The examination was carried out by a single examiner to investigate the presence of dental caries. The diagnosis was done based on the World Health Organization diagnostic criteria 2013. The data were analyzed through descriptive statistics and comparison between values using the chi-square test with a P value <0.05. Results. The present study found that the prevalence of dental caries is 70.9%. The combined brushing technique was the most used technique (42.9%). There was no statistical significance between brushing techniques and dental caries ( P value ≤0.330). There was a statistical significance between the periodic change of the toothbrush and dental caries ( P value ≤0.001). There was statistical significance between the level of education of the mother ( P value ≤0.001) and father ( P value ≤0.012) to the brushing technique used by the child as well. Conclusion. Due to a lack of awareness consequent of lower socioeconomic status, only a few percentage of the Sudanese population knows how to implement the correct oral hygiene practices to combat dental caries. It is important to design a specific public health program that particularly targets families of low socioeconomic status, which represents the majority. Dental caries persist as a widespread condition in Sudan as a result of a deficit in these kinds of programs.

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Caring Behavior And Associated Factors Among Nurses Working In Jimma University Specialized Hospital, Oromia, South West Ethiopia, 2019

10.21203/rs.2.13129/v3 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Adugna Oluma ◽

Muktar Abadiga

Keyword(s):

Job Satisfaction ◽

Associated Factors ◽

Statistical Significance ◽

Linear Regression Analysis ◽

Multiple Linear Regression Analysis ◽

Working Environment ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Caring Behavior ◽

Specialized Hospital ◽

Jimma University

Abstract BACK GROUND: Caring behaviors are actions concerned with the wellbeing of the patients such as sensitivity, comforting, attentive listening, honest and nonjudgmental acceptance. Nurses have an opportunity to convey caring and feeling being cared through their behavior. Behavior associated with caring has a paramount role in linking nursing interaction to the client in experiences but, the concept is ambiguous and elusive toward different scholars to reach on common understanding which is a myth in dealing with caring behavior. Only a few studies have been done on the caring behavior and associated factors globally, and there is a limitation of study done in Ethiopia particularly in this study area. Therefore; the purpose of this study was to assess caring behavior and its associated factors among nurses working in Jimma University specialized hospital, southwest Ethiopia. METHODS: The institutional-based cross-sectional study design was conducted on a sample of 224 nurses working in Jimma university specialized hospital from March 20-April 20, 2019 . Data were collected by self-administered questionnaire. Descriptive statistics including frequency table, mean, standard deviation and percentage were employed. Bivariate and multiple linear regression analysis was used with regression coefficient (β), coefficient of the determinant (R²), CI 95% and p<0.05 were used for statistical significance. RESULTS: The overall proportion of nurses caring behavior was 80.3% which was mostly measured in terms of professional –technical (82.9%) and psychosocial (81.3%) dimension. Job satisfaction as personal satisfaction (beta=1.12, p=0.00), professional satisfaction, (beta=1.07, p=0.00), joint participation in caring process (beta=0.58, p=0.00,) satisfaction with nurse management (beta=0.85, p=00) were significantly associated with caring behavior. CONCLUSION: The proportion of nurses who had a high perception of caring behavior was found to be lower. Thus, all predictors have their own effect on enhancing job satisfaction, improving and creating conducive management and working environment to increase caring behavior. Further comparative studies involving a multidisciplinary and patient point of view were recommended. KEYWORDS: Caring, Caring behavior, Nurses, Jimma, Ethiopia

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Association Between Lower Trapezius Isometric Strength and Y-Balance Test Upper Quarter Performance in College Volleyball Players

Journal of Sport Rehabilitation ◽

10.1123/jsr.2021-0048 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 1-6

Author(s):

Guillermo Mendez-Rebolledo ◽

Ann M. Cools ◽

Rodrigo Ramirez-Campillo ◽

Elias Quiroz-Aldea ◽

Fernanda A.P. Habechian

Keyword(s):

Upper Limb ◽

Linear Regression Analysis ◽

Multiple Linear Regression Analysis ◽

Isometric Strength ◽

Serratus Anterior ◽

Balance Test ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Convenience Sample ◽

Volleyball Players ◽

Lower Trapezius

Context: Knowing the possible association between the isometric strength of the shoulder rotators, scapular muscles, and the Y-balance test upper quarter (YBT-UQ) performance could help identify which indicators of shoulder stability should be considered in this field test. This study aimed to determine whether the isometric strength of the shoulder rotators and scapular muscles is associated with the YBT-UQ performance of the dominant upper limb in amateur volleyball players. Design: Cross-sectional study. Methods: A convenience sample of 22 male and 18 female volleyball players (≥12 h of training/week) between 18 and 26 years of age. The isometric strength of the middle trapezius, lower trapezius, serratus anterior, internal, and external rotator muscles was assessed with a handheld dynamometer. Participants performed the YBT-UQ in the superolateral, medial, and inferolateral directions. The absolute isometric peak force (in Newtons) was normalized to body weight (in Newtons per kilogram) for each muscle test. For each YBT-UQ direction, the distance (in centimeters) was normalized for upper limb length (in percentage). A backward multiple linear regression analysis was used to determine the associations between variables. Results: The analysis revealed that the isometric strength of the lower trapezius (β = 26.82; 95% confidence interval, 21.24–32.40) is associated with inferolateral YBT-UQ performance (adjusted R2 = .706; P < .001). This factor explains 70% of the variability of the YBT-UQ in the inferolateral direction. Conclusions: Lower trapezius isometric strength is associated with inferolateral YBT-UQ performance of the dominant upper limb in amateur volleyball players. These findings could help in the development of more specific training programs and rehabilitation goals according to the performance of the athletes in the test.

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The Clinical Investigation of Disparity of Utility Values Associated with Gallstone Disease: A Pilot Study

Gastroenterology Research and Practice ◽

10.1155/2013/216957 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 2013 ◽

pp. 1-7 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Chung-Te Hsu ◽

Yi Liao ◽

Jorn-Hon Liu ◽

Tao-Hsin Tung

Keyword(s):

Clinical Investigation ◽

Gallstone Disease ◽

Linear Regression Analysis ◽

Multiple Linear Regression Analysis ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Older Age ◽

Outpatient Clinics ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Utility Values ◽

Utility Evaluation

Purpose. The utility evaluation was an effective method to incorporate all of the contributing variables for multiple diseases into one outcome measure. A cross-sectional study was conducted to assess the utility values associated with varying states of gallstone disease among outpatient clinics participants at a teaching hospital in Taipei, Taiwan.Methods. The utility values were measured by using time trade-off method. A total of 120 outpatient clinics participants (30 subjects with no gallstone disease, 30 subjects with single stone, 30 subjects with multiple stones, and 30 subjects with cholecystectomy) evaluated utility values from January 1, 2006 to December 31, 2006. The diagnosis of gallstone disease was performed by a panel of specialists using ultrasound sonography.Results. The overall mean utility value was0.89±0.13(95% CI: 0.87–0.91) indicating that study participants were willing to trade about 11% (95% CI: 9–13%) of their remaining life in return for being free of gallstone disease perpetually. The significant associated factors of utility values based on the multiple linear regression analysis were older age and different degrees of gallstone disease.Conclusion. Our results found that in addition to older age, multiple stones and cholecystectomy could influence utility values from the patient’s preference-based viewpoint.

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Relationship between fat-to-fat-free mass ratio and decrements in leg strength after downhill running

Journal of Applied Physiology ◽

10.1152/jappl.2001.90.4.1334 ◽

2001 ◽

Vol 90 (4) ◽

pp. 1334-1341 ◽

Cited By ~ 11

Author(s):

R. C. Hickner ◽

P. M. Mehta ◽

D. Dyck ◽

P. Devita ◽

J. A. Houmard ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Body Mass ◽

Muscle Glycogen ◽

Linear Regression Analysis ◽

Multiple Linear Regression Analysis ◽

Fat Free Mass ◽

Mass Ratio ◽

Low Fat ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Leg Strength ◽

Downhill Running

The purpose of this study was to determine whether greater body fat mass (FM) relative to lean mass would result in more severe muscle damage and greater decrements in leg strength after downhill running. The relationship between the FM-to-fat-free mass ratio (FM/FFM) and the strength decline resulting from downhill running (−11% grade) was investigated in 24 male runners [age 23.4 ± 0.7 (SE) yr]. The runners were divided into two groups on the basis of FM/FFM: low fat (FM/FFM = 0.100 ± 0.008, body mass = 68.4 ± 1.3 kg) and normal fat (FM/FFM = 0.233 ± 0.020, body mass = 76.5 ± 3.3 kg, P < 0.05). Leg strength was reduced less in the low-fat (−0.7 ± 1.3%) than in the normal-fat individuals (−10.3 ± 1.5%) 48 h after, compared with before, downhill running ( P < 0.01). Multiple linear regression analysis revealed that the decline in strength could be predicted best by FM/FFM ( r2= 0.44, P < 0.05) and FM-to-thigh lean tissue cross-sectional area ratio ( r2= 0.53, P < 0.05), with no additional variables enhancing the prediction equation. There were no differences in muscle glycogen, creatine phosphate, ATP, or total creatine 48 h after, compared with before, downhill running; however, the change in muscle glycogen after downhill running was associated with a higher FM/FFM ( r = −0.56, P < 0.05). These data suggest that FM/FFM is a major determinant of losses in muscle strength after downhill running.

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Characteristics of Brain Structure in HIV Male Patients with Syphilis Co-Infection: A Cross-Sectional Study.

10.21203/rs.3.rs-155540/v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Yu Qi ◽

Yuan-Yuan Wang ◽

Wei Wang ◽

Xu-Ze Liu ◽

Jing Liu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Corpus Callosum ◽

Diffusion Tensor ◽

Linear Regression Analysis ◽

Multiple Linear Regression Analysis ◽

Infected Male ◽

Syphilis Infection ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Corona Radiata ◽

Male Patients ◽

The Right

Abstract Background To investigate the effect of syphilis infection on the microstructure of white matter (WM) in HIV-infected male patients through comparing the differences of WM between HIV-infected male patients with and without syphilitic infection using diffusion tensor imaging (DTI).Methods 27 HIV-infected male patients with current syphilis or a history of syphilis (HIV+/syphilis+) and 29 HIV-infected male patients without syphilis co-infection history (HIV+/syphilis-) were enrolled. All patients received DTI and comprehensive neuropsychological assessment. Clinical data were compared between the two groups with T-test, Mann-Whitney U Test and Chi-square Test. Tract-based spatial statistics (TBSS) was adopted to analyze the DTI metrics. Multiple linear regression analysis was conducted to investigate the relationships between DTI metrics and clinical variables and cognitive performance. Results In the HIV+/syphilis+ group, decreased AD was found in the right superior corona radiata (SCR-R) and body of corpus callosum (BCC); increased RD was found in the bilateral posterior corona radiata (PCR), the right posterior thalamic radiation (PTR-R), the left SCR (SCR-L), splenium of corpus callosum (SCC) and BCC; decreased FA was found in multiple regions. AD in BCC was negatively correlated with CD4/CD8 ratios. AD in SCR-R was positively correlated with CD4/CD8 ratios. Patients in HIV+/syphilis+ group had a lower score in complex motor skills (CMS). RD in SCC and SCR-L was negatively correlated with CMS; RD in PTR-R was positively correlated with CMS. AD in SCR-R was positively correlated with CMS. Conclusions Compared with patients simply infected with HIV, the integrity of WM is more seriously impaired in HIV-infected patients with syphilis co-infection, and it may accelerate the impairment of cognitive function.

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Oxidative stress and gut-derived lipopolysaccharides in children affected by Paediatric Autoimmune Neuropsychiatric Disorders Associated with Streptococcal infections.

10.21203/rs.2.19372/v3 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Lorenzo Loffredo ◽

Alberto Spalice ◽

Francesca Salvatori ◽

De Castro Giovanna ◽

Cristiana Alessia Guido ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Regression Analysis ◽

Linear Regression ◽

Linear Regression Analysis ◽

Prostaglandin F2α ◽

Neuropsychiatric Disorders ◽

Serum Levels ◽

Multiple Linear Regression Analysis ◽

Tic Disorders ◽

Streptococcal Infections ◽

Cross Sectional

Abstract Background: pediatric autoimmune neuropsychiatric disorders associated with streptococcal infections syndrome (PANDAS) identifies patients with acute onset of obsessive-compulsive and tic disorders. The objective of this study was to assess NOX2 levels, as well as serum 8-iso-prostaglandin F2α (iso-PGF2α) and lipopolysaccharide (LPS) derived from Gram-negative bacteria in the gut of patients with PANDAS. Methods: a cross sectional study was performed to compare serum levels of soluble NOX2-dp (sNOX-2-dp), isoprostanes and LPS in 60 consecutive subjects, including 30 children affected by PANDAS and 30 controls (CT) matched for age and gender. Serum zonulin was used to assess gut permeability. Results: compared with CT, PANDAS children had higher values of sNOX-2-dp, 8-iso-PGF2-alpha and LPS. Simple linear regression analysis showed that sNOX2-dp was signiﬁcantly correlated with serum LPS (Rs=0.359; p=0.005), zonulin (Rs=0.444; p<0.001) and iso-PGF2α (Rs=0.704; p<0.001). LPS signiﬁcantly correlated with serum zonulin (Rs=0.610; p<0.001), and iso-PGF2α (Rs=0.591; p=0.001). A multiple linear regression analysis was performed to define the independent predictors of sNOX-2-dp. Isoprostanes and zonulin emerged as the only independent predictive variables associated with sNOX2-dp (R2=68%). Conclusion: this study provides evidences that children affected by PANDAS have high circulating levels of sNOX2-dp, isoprostanes and of LPS that could be potentially implicated in the process of neuroinflammation.

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Analysis of Corneal Spherical Aberrations in Chinese Bilateral Ectopia Lentis Patients

Frontiers in Medicine ◽

10.3389/fmed.2021.736686 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 8 ◽

Author(s):

Jiahui Chen ◽

Yating Tang ◽

Qinghe Jing ◽

Yi Lu ◽

Yongxiang Jiang

Keyword(s):

Spherical Aberration ◽

Linear Regression Analysis ◽

Multiple Linear Regression Analysis ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Individual Measurement ◽

Ectopia Lentis ◽

Corneal Asphericity ◽

Optical Zone ◽

Anterior Posterior

Purpose: To analyze the anterior, posterior, and total corneal spherical aberrations (ASA, PSA, and TSA) in patients with Chinese bilateral ectopia lentis (EL).Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted to evaluate corneal spherical aberration (CSA) using a Pentacam system at the 6-mm optical zone. Axial length, keratometry, astigmatism, and corneal asphericity were also determined.Results: This study included 247 patients (420 eyes) with a mean age of 18.1 years. The values of ASA, PSA, and TSA were 0.136 ± 0.100 μm, −0.118 ± 0.030 μm, and 0.095 ± 0.095 μm, respectively. In the EL patients with Marfan syndrome (MFS), ASA and TSA were significantly lower than in the non-MFS patients (0.126 ± 0.094 μm vs. 0.155 ± 0.107 μm, P = 0.004 for ASA; 0.085 ± 0.091 μm vs. 0.114 ± 0.099 μm, P = 0.003 for TSA), whereas PSA was not significantly different (P = 0.061). The values of ASA and TSA were significantly higher in the patients with EL aged ≥ 40 years old than in younger patients, whereas ASA and PSA were lower in patients aged <10 years old than in older patients (all P < 0.05). In the multiple linear regression analysis, age, keratometry, astigmatism, anterior asphericity, higher-order aberration (HOA), and lower-order aberration (LOA) were positively or negatively correlated with TSA in the patients with EL (r = 0.681, P < 0.001).Conclusions: Corneal spherical aberration was low in the patients with EL especially for MFS and tended to increase with aging. Preoperatively, individual measurement of CSA was necessary for bilateral EL patients with MFS.

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