How to Choose the Best Cross-linking Procedure in 2016
Ever since cross-linking (CXL) technology was introduced into clinical ophthalmology in 1999, the technique has established itself as a standard of care in the treatment of corneal ectasia. The original protocol, referred to as the ‘Dresden protocol’, consisted of 30 minutes of iso-osmolaric riboflavin instillation on a de-epithelialised cornea, followed by irradiation at 365 nm and 3 mW/cm2for 30 minutes. These settings correspond to a fluence of 5.4 J/cm2. A large variety of modifications of this original protocol have emerged in the past years: some of these modifications are backed up by a solid body of research evidence, both clinically and experimentally, whereas other modifications are based on little to no scientific evidence. Navigating through this ‘sea of new protocols’ is becoming increasingly difficult for the treating ophthalmologist. The two most important modifications are transepithelial (epi-on) CXL and accelerated CXL. Most interestingly, they seem to share a final common pathway, which determines efficacy: oxygen dependency.