scholarly journals Diagnosis and treatment of mucosa Candida spp. infections – a review article

2019 ◽  
Vol 73 (1) ◽  
pp. 61 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marta Dąbrowska ◽  
Monika Sienkiewicz ◽  
Paweł Kwiatkowski ◽  
Michał Dąbrowski
Keyword(s):  
Drug Resistance ◽  
Candida Albicans ◽  
Fungal Infections ◽  
Opportunistic Pathogen ◽  
Review Article ◽  
Immune Disorders ◽  
Candida Spp ◽  
Common Cause ◽  
Invasive Infections ◽  
Systemic Infections

<p>Candida albicans is the most common cause of fungal infections worldwide. Non-albicans Candida species play an important role in vulvovaginal candidiasis and invasive infections. Most cases of infections are endogenous. In case of patients with immune disorders this opportunistic pathogen causes both surface, systemic infections, and candidemia. Symptoms depend on the area affected. Candidiasis are treated with antimycotics; these include clotrimazole, nystatin, fluconazole, voriconazole, amphotericin B, and echinocandins. The emergence of drug resistance and the side effects of currently available antifungals are becoming a major problem in the management of Candida spp. infection.</p>

scholarly journals Diagnosis and treatment of invasive Candida infections – a review article

2019 ◽  
Vol 73 (1) ◽  
pp. 47
Author(s):  
Marta Dąbrowska ◽  
Monika Sienkiewicz ◽  
Paweł Kwiatkowski ◽  
Michał Dąbrowski
Keyword(s):  
Immune Responses ◽  
Fungal Infections ◽  
Review Article ◽  
Source Control ◽  
Candida Spp ◽  
Common Cause ◽  
Host Immune Responses ◽  
Invasive Infections ◽  
Candida Infections ◽  
Short Time

<p>Candida albicans is the most common cause of fungal infections worldwide. Invasive candidiasis comprises candidemia and deep-seated candidiasis. Most yeast invasive infections are endogenous with a high mortality. Pathogenesis of candidiasis depends on avoiding host immune responses, as well as the virulence factors of the fungus enabling colonization and invasion of tissues. Adequate source control and antifungal therapy administered within a short time is critical to get a better prognosis. The emergence of drug resistance and the side effects of currently available antifungals are becoming the major problem in the management of Candida spp. infection.</p>

ROSEOFUNGIN-AS, OINTMENT 2% FOR TREATMENT OF TINEA PEDIS AND TINEA CORPORIS: RESULTS OF A RANDOMIZED, BLINDED, PROSPECTIVE, MULTICENTER PHASE III CLINICAL TRIAL

2021 ◽  
pp. 29-39
Author(s):  
А.К. САДАНОВ ◽  
В.Э. БЕРЕЗИН ◽  
И.Р. КУЛМАГАМБЕТОВ ◽  
Л.П. ТРЕНОЖНИКОВА ◽  
А.С. БАЛГИМБАЕВА
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Trial ◽  
Candida Albicans ◽  
Tinea Pedis ◽  
Fungal Infections ◽  
Tinea Corporis ◽  
Phase Iii ◽  
Microsporum Canis ◽  
Candida Spp ◽  
Reference Drug ◽  
Phase Iii Clinical Trial

Розеофунгин-АС, мазь 2% для наружного применения разработана для лечения микозов кожи разной этиологии, вызванных дерматофитными, дрожжеподобными и плесневыми грибами. Многоцентровое слепое проспективное рандомизированное исследование проводили в Республике Казахстан для сравнения терапевтической эффективности и безопасности препаратов «Розеофунгин-АС, мазь 2%» и «Клотримазол, крем 1%» при лечении tinea pedis и tinea corporis. Препараты применяли 2 раза в день в течение 28 дней. Лабораторные общеклинические и биохимические обследования пациентов проводили на 0, 14 и 28 дни исследования. Микологическое обследование включало микроскопические и культуральные исследования, которые проводились до лечения и на 28-30-й день после окончания лечения. В клиническое исследование III фазы входили 410 пациентов, включая 290 пациентов с tinea pedis и 120 пациентов с tinea corporis. Лечение препаратом «Розеофунгин-АС, мазь 2%» получали 310 пациентов, лечение препаратом «Клотримазол, крем 1%» - 100 пациентов. У больных обеих групп уже на 14 день уменьшалась выраженность субъективных и объективных проявлений. К 28 дню практически все клинические признаки патологического процесса отсутствовали. Совокупная клинико-микологическая эффективность препарата «Розеофунгин-АС, мазь 2%» составила 99,1%, препарата «Клотримазол, крем 1%» - 98,0%. Препарат «Розеофунгин-АС, мазь 2%» проявил высокую эффективность при лечении грибковых инфекций tinea pedis и tinea corporis, вызванных возбудителями трихофитии (Trihophyton rubrum, T. violarum, T. tonsurans), микроспории (Microsporum canis, M. gypseum), кандидоза (Candida albicans, Candida spp.), плесневыми грибами (Penicillium glaucum). В исследовании не были зафиксированы аллергические реакции и индивидуальная непереносимость исследуемого и референтного препаратов. Препарат «Розеофунгин-АС, мазь 2%» является эффективным антимикотическим средством, клинико-микологическая эффективность которого в терапии микозов кожи составляет 99,1%. Препарат имеет высокий уровень переносимости, безопасности и приемлемости RoseofunginAS, ointment 2% for external use was developed for the treatment of skin mycoses of various etiologies caused by dermatophytic and yeastlike fungi and molds. A multicenter, blind, prospective, randomized trial was conducted in the Republic of Kazakhstan to compare the therapeutic effectiveness and safety of RoseofunginAS, ointment 2% and Clotrimazole, cream 1% in the treatment of tinea pedis and tinea corporis. The drugs were administered twice daily for 28 days. Laboratory general clinical and biochemical examinations of patients were performed on days 0, 14, and 28 of the trial. Mycological examination included microscopic and cultural studies, which were carried out before treatment and on days 2830 after the end of treatment. The Phase III clinical trial involved 410 patients, including 290 with tinea pedis and 120 with tinea corporis. Treatment with RoseofunginAS, ointment 2% was administered to 310 patients, 100 patients were treated with Clotrimazole, cream 1%. In patients of both groups, the severity of subjective and objective manifestations decreased already on day 14. By day 28, almost all clinical signs of the pathological process were absent. The cumulative clinical and mycological effectiveness of the drug RoseofunginAS, ointment 2% was 99.1% and that of the drug Clotrimazole, cream 1% reached 98.0%. The drug RoseofunginAS, ointment 2% exhibited high effectiveness in the treatment of fungal infections, including tinea pedis and tinea corporis, with pathogens that cause trichophytosis (Trihophyton rubrum, T. violarum, T. tonsurans), microsporia (Microsporum canis, M. gypseum), candidiasis (Candida albicans, Candida spp.), and molds (Penicillium glaucum). The study did not record allergic reactions and individual intolerance to the study and reference drug. The drug RoseofunginAS, ointment 2% is an effective antimycotic agent, the clinical and mycological effectiveness of which in the treatment of skin mycoses was 99.1%. The drug possesses a high level of tolerance, safety and acceptability.

scholarly journals MOLECULAR TYPING OF Candida albicans ISOLATES FROM HOSPITALIZED PATIENTS

2013 ◽  
Vol 55 (6) ◽  
pp. 385-391 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patricia de Souza Bonfim-Mendonca ◽  
Adriana Fiorini ◽  
Cristiane Suemi Shinobu-Mesquita ◽  
Lilian Cristiane Baeza ◽  
Maria Aparecida Fernandez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Candida Albicans ◽  
Blood Culture ◽  
Genetic Variability ◽  
Molecular Typing ◽  
Fungal Infections ◽  
Common Origin ◽  
High Similarity ◽  
Candida Spp ◽  
Typing Methods ◽  
A Site

SUMMARY Introduction: The majority of nosocomial fungal infections are caused by Candida spp. where C. albicans is the species most commonly identified. Molecular methods are important tools for assessing the origin of the yeasts isolated in hospitals. Methods: This is a study on the genetic profifiles of 39 nosocomial clinical isolates of C. albicans using two typing methods: random amplifified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) and microsatellite, two different primers for each technique were used. Results: RAPD provided 10 and 11 different profiles with values for SAB of 0.84 ± 0.126 and 0.88 ± 0.08 for primers M2 and P4, respectively. Microsatellite using two markers, CDC3 and HIS3, allowed the observation of six and seven different alleles, respectively, with combined discriminatory power of 0.91. Conclusions: Although genetic variability is clear, it was possible to identify high similarity, suggesting a common origin for at least a part of isolates. It is important to emphasize that common origin was proven from yeasts isolated from colonization (urine, catheter or endotracheal secretions) and blood culture from the same patient, indicating that the candidemia must have started from a site of colonization. The combination of RAPD and microsatellite provides a quick and efficient analysis for investigation of similarity among nosocomial isolates of C. albicans.

scholarly journals Targeting adhesion in fungal pathogen Candida albicans

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Harlei Martin ◽  
Kevin Kavanagh ◽  
Trinidad Velasco-Torrijos
Keyword(s):  
Candida Albicans ◽  
Fungal Infections ◽  
Initial Step ◽  
Infection Process ◽  
Host Cells ◽  
Fungal Cell ◽  
Receptor Interactions ◽  
Genes Encoding ◽  
Invasive Infections ◽  
Wall Components

Fungal infections with increasing resistance to conventional therapies are a growing concern. Candida albicans is a major opportunistic yeast responsible for mucosal and invasive infections. Targeting the initial step of the infection process (i.e., C. albicans adhesion to the host cell) is a promising strategy. A wide variety of molecules can interfere with adhesion processes via an assortment of mechanisms. Herein, we focus on how small molecules disrupt biosynthesis of fungal cell wall components and membrane structure, prevent the localization of GPI-anchor proteins, inhibit production of enzymes involved in adhesion, downregulate genes encoding adhesins and competitively inhibit receptor interactions. As a result, adhesion of C. albicans to host cells is reduced, paving the way to new classes of antifungal agents.

scholarly journals Genetic Architecture of Hsp90-Dependent Drug Resistance

2006 ◽  
Vol 5 (12) ◽  
pp. 2184-2188 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leah E. Cowen ◽  
Anne E. Carpenter ◽  
Oranart Matangkasombut ◽  
Gerald R. Fink ◽  
Susan Lindquist
Keyword(s):  
Saccharomyces Cerevisiae ◽  
Drug Resistance ◽  
Candida Albicans ◽  
Genetic Architecture ◽  
Opportunistic Pathogen ◽  
Azole Resistance

ABSTRACT Hsp90 potentiates the evolution of azole resistance in the model yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae and the opportunistic pathogen Candida albicans via calcineurin. Here, we explored effectors downstream of calcineurin regulating this Hsp90-dependent trait. Using S. cerevisiae erg3 mutants as a model, we determined that both Crz1 and Hph1 modulate azole resistance.

Emerging Virulence, Drug Resistance and Future Anti-fungal Drugs for Candida Pathogens

2018 ◽  
Vol 18 (9) ◽  
pp. 759-778 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vartika Srivastava ◽  
Rajeev Kumar Singla ◽  
Ashok Kumar Dubey
Keyword(s):  
Fungal Infections ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Human Pathogens ◽  
Candida Spp ◽  
Candida Sp ◽  
Invasive Infections ◽  
Life Threatening ◽  
Pros And Cons ◽  
Superficial Type ◽  
Anti Fungal

Increased incidences of Candida infection have augmented morbidity and mortality in human population, particularly among severely immunocompromised patients and those having a long stay in hospitals (nosocomial infections). Many virulence factors and fitness attributes are reported to be associated with the pathogenicity of Candida sp. It can cause infections ranging from easily treatable superficial type to life-threatening invasive infections. Additionally, it has the capability to infect humans of all age groups. Indeed, overutilization of broad-spectrum antibiotics has further complicated the scenario by leading the emergence of less sensitive Candida strains especially non-albicans. Despite our developed armamentarium, the diagnosis and treatment of human fungal infections remain a challenge. This review focuses on the prevalence of Candida spp. as human pathogens with emerging resistance to existing anti-fungal drugs. Furthermore, factors and mechanisms contributing to the pathogenicity of Candida spp. and the challenges being faced in combating the devastating infections associated with these pathogens have been discussed. Moreover, pros and cons of the current and future anti-mycotic drugs have been analyzed.

scholarly journals The Trends in the Distribution of Candida species Causing Candidemia at a Community Hospital in 2005 and 2014

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (suppl_1) ◽  
pp. S87-S87
Author(s):  
Celestine Ishiekwene ◽  
Maxine Seales Kasangana ◽  
Monica Ghitan ◽  
Margaret Kuhn-Basti ◽  
Edward Chapnick ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
Antifungal Therapy ◽  
Candida Species ◽  
Fungal Infections ◽  
Medical Center ◽  
Retrospective Chart Review ◽  
Common Species ◽  
Published Data ◽  
Candida Spp ◽  
Common Cause

Abstract Background Candida remains the most common cause of invasive fungal infections, with an attributable morality of 15–35%. Although five Candida species (C. albicans, C. tropicalis, C. parapsilosis, C. glabrata, and C. krusei) account for 92% of cases of candidemia, Candida albicans remains the most common cause of candidemia. However, recent studies report that the frequency of non albicans species are increasing globally and the distribution of Candida spp. varies significantly among different geographic regions and hospitals units. Objective We determine the distribution of Candida species causing candidemia at an adult level 1 Trauma Center in Brooklyn, New York and compared the trends of Candida species between 2005 and 2014. The results were compared with trends of US data collected in 2004 and 2012. Knowledge of the frequency of causative species would facilitate appropriate selection of empiric antifungal therapy. Methods We performed a retrospective chart review of patients with candidemia who were admitted in 2005 and 2014. We determined the frequency of Candida species and compared 2005 data with those in 2014. Results In total, 226 and 109 patients with candidemia were admitted to our hospital in 2005 and 2014, respectively. Although, C. albicans was the most common species (43% of candidemia in 2005), its frequency decreased to 33% in 2014. The frequencies of C. glabrata and C. parapsilosis increased in 2014 compared with those in 2005 (24% vs. 16% and 33% vs. 26%, respectively). Figure 1 compared the proportion of Candida species in Maimonides Medical Center to National data. Conclusion Our finding of an increase in non-albicans spp. causing candidemia is consistent with published reports. We saw more cases of C. parapsilosis compared with published data. Our results may be used to inform empiric antifungal therapy. Disclosures All authors: No reported disclosures.

scholarly journals The In Vitro Potential of 1-(1H-indol-3-yl) Derivatives against Candida spp. and Aspergillus niger as Tyrosinase Inhibitors

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (10) ◽  
pp. 2070
Author(s):  
Teresa Gervasi ◽  
Giovanna Ginestra ◽  
Francesca Mancuso ◽  
Davide Barreca ◽  
Laura De Luca ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Candida Albicans ◽  
Aspergillus Niger ◽  
Fungicidal Activity ◽  
Candida Parapsilosis ◽  
Fungal Infections ◽  
Clinical Isolates ◽  
Candida Spp ◽  
Antifungal Potential ◽  
Tyrosinase Inhibitors

Given the increased antimicrobial resistance, global effort is currently focused on the identification of novel compounds, both of natural and chemical origin. The present study reports on the antifungal potential of 1-(1H-indol-3-yl) derivatives, previously known as tyrosinase inhibitors. The effect of seven compounds (indicated as 3a–g) was determined against Candida albicans ATCC 10531, three clinical isolates of Candida albicans, two clinical isolates of Candida glabrata, two clinical isolates of Candida parapsilosis and Aspergillus niger ATCC 16404. The effect of these derivatives on tyrosinase enzymatic activity was also evaluated. Results showed a fungicidal activity of compounds 3b, 3c and 3e against all tested strains at concentrations ranging between 0.250 and 1 mg/mL. Furthermore, the association between 3c and fluconazole and between 3b and caspofungin showed a trend of indifference tending toward synergism. Compound 3c was also able to inhibit microbial tyrosinase up to ~28% at the concentration of 0.250 mg/mL. These data could help provide novel therapeutics for topical use to treat fungal infections and increase the potential effectiveness of the association between novel compounds and commercial antifungals in order to combat drug resistance.

Recent Advances in Azole Based Scaffolds as Anticandidal Agents

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (5) ◽  
pp. 492-501 ◽  
Author(s):  
Prabhuodeyara Math Gurubasavaraj ◽  
Jasmith Shivayya Charantimath
Keyword(s):  
Drug Delivery ◽  
Drug Resistance ◽  
Candida Albicans ◽  
Drug Interactions ◽  
Fungal Pathogens ◽  
Antifungal Agents ◽  
Fungal Infections ◽  
Antifungal Drugs ◽  
Fungal Virulence ◽  
Compromised Patients

Aim:The present review aims to explore the development of novel antifungal agents, such as pharmacology, pharmacokinetics, spectrum of activity, safety, toxicity and other aspects that involve drug-drug interactions of the azole antifungal agents.Introduction:Fungal infections in critically ill and immune-compromised patients are increasing at alarming rates, caused mainly by Candida albicans an opportunistic fungus. Despite antifungal annihilators like amphotericin B, azoles and caspofungin, these infections are enormously increasing. The unconventional increase in such patients is a challenging task for the management of antifungal infections especially Candidiasis. Moreover, problem of toxicity associated with antifungal drugs on hosts and rise of drug-resistance in primary and opportunistic fungal pathogens has obstructed the success of antifungal therapy.Conclusion:Hence, to conflict these problems new antifungal agents with advanced efficacy, new formulations of drug delivery and novel compounds which can interact with fungal virulence are developed and used to treat antifungal infections.

scholarly journals Striking Back against Fungal Infections: The Utilization of Nanosystems for Antifungal Strategies

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (18) ◽  
pp. 10104
Author(s):  
Wei Du ◽  
Yiru Gao ◽  
Li Liu ◽  
Sixiang Sai ◽  
Chen Ding
Keyword(s):  
Drug Delivery ◽  
Drug Resistance ◽  
Water Solubility ◽  
Fungal Infections ◽  
Antifungal Drugs ◽  
Aspergillus Species ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Tissue Penetration ◽  
Major Health ◽  
Invasive Infections

Fungal infections have become a major health concern, given that invasive infections by Candida, Cryptococcus, and Aspergillus species have led to millions of mortalities. Conventional antifungal drugs including polyenes, echinocandins, azoles, allylamins, and antimetabolites have been used for decades, but their limitations include off-target toxicity, drug-resistance, poor water solubility, low bioavailability, and weak tissue penetration, which cannot be ignored. These drawbacks have led to the emergence of novel antifungal therapies. In this review, we discuss the nanosystems that are currently utilized for drug delivery and the application of antifungal therapies.

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