A Rejoinder to Body Bags: Indigenous Resilience and Epidemic Disease, from COVID-19 to First “Contact”

2020 ◽  
Vol 44 (3) ◽  
pp. 65-86
Author(s):  
Lindsay M. Montgomery
Keyword(s):  
Indigenous People ◽  
Disease Outbreaks ◽  
Indigenous Communities ◽  
Historical Sources ◽  
Epidemic Disease ◽  
Marginalized Communities ◽  
Viral Spread ◽  
Indigenous Groups ◽  
European Colonization ◽  
History Of

Since January of 2020, the number of deaths in Indian country due to COVID-19 has steadily grown, bringing into stark relief the destructive effects of disease epidemics on historically marginalized communities. For Indigenous peoples, the ravages of the ongoing pandemic are part of a broader epidemiological history of devastation set in motion by European colonization. The robust body of historical and anthropological scholarship which has emerged to document the impacts of infectious disease on Indigenous people has typically reinforced settler-colonial narratives of disappearance and culture loss. Although we cannot deny the tragic and long-term consequences of foreign pathogens on the peoples of the Americas, Indigenous communities have creatively responded to and survived disease outbreaks. Drawing on ethnographic and oral historical sources, this article documents some of the strategies employed by Indigenous people across North America to explain and treat episodic viral spread from the seventeenth into the twenty-first centuries. Tracing the culturally grounded methods of disease management employed by Indigenous groups over time highlights the resiliency of Tribal nations during the ongoing coronavirus crisis.

scholarly journals Indigenous People, Organized Crime and Natural Resources: Borders, Incentives and Relations

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daan P. van Uhm ◽  
Ana G. Grigore
Keyword(s):  
Natural Resources ◽  
Indigenous People ◽  
Organized Crime ◽  
Indigenous Communities ◽  
Economic Incentives ◽  
Environmental Harm ◽  
Criminological Perspective ◽  
History Of ◽  
Organized Crime Groups ◽  
Criminal Groups

AbstractThis article explores the relationship between the Emberá–Wounaan and Akha Indigenous people and organized crime groups vying for control over natural resources in the Darién Gap of East Panama and West Colombia and the Golden Triangle (the area where the borders of Laos, Myanmar (Burma), and Thailand meet), respectively. From a southern green criminological perspective, we consider how organized crime groups trading in natural resources value Indigenous knowledge. We also examine the continued victimization of Indigenous people in relation to environmental harm and the tension between Indigenous peoples’ ecocentric values and the economic incentives presented to them for exploiting nature. By looking at the history of the coloniality and the socioeconomic context of these Indigenous communities, this article generates a discussion about the social framing of the Indigenous people as both victims and offenders in the illegal trade in natural resources, particularly considering the types of relationships established with dominant criminal groups present in their ancestral lands.

Kinship and Friendship: The Perception of Family by Clergy and Laity in Late Medieval London

1988 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 369-385 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jacqueline Murray
Keyword(s):  
Middle Ages ◽  
Historical Sources ◽  
Epidemic Disease ◽  
Popular Piety ◽  
The Past ◽  
Private Lives ◽  
The Social ◽  
Personal Nature ◽  
History Of ◽  
Rural England

One of the most persistent and frustrating problems which the social historian faces is that of gaining access to private lives in the past. This is true for all periods, but it is especially so for the Middle Ages. There are some letters available, but they tend to be scarce and limited in nature. Another type of document which proves a useful means of entry into medieval life is the testament. The information it contains is often of an intensely personal nature and allows the reader to understand the testator's relationships with others.The wealth of information contained in testaments is only beginning to be fully exploited. In his article “Fifteenth and Sixteenth-Century Wills as Historical Sources,” Michael L. Zell has demonstrated the breadth of information which these documents contain and points the way to many areas of further investigation. The usefulness of testamentary evidence to trace inheritance patterns and the disposition of property is well established. Eleanor S. Riemer has used testaments from Siena to examine the economic position of women. W. K. Jordan used wills extensively in his three volume study of charity in urban and rural England. More recently, Joel T. Rosenthal employed them to study gift-giving patterns among the English aristocracy. Wills have been used as sources for the study of religious values and popular piety, as a means of investigating the patterns of epidemic disease, and of tracing the spread of literacy. Historians have also begun to use testamentary evidence in the investigation of family life. For the history of the English family, the use of testamentary evidence is just beginning.

These People Have Always Been a Republic

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maurice S. Crandall
Keyword(s):  
Native American ◽  
New Mexico ◽  
Indigenous Communities ◽  
The United States ◽  
Social Needs ◽  
Political Rights ◽  
Indigenous Groups ◽  
The Face ◽  
History Of ◽  
Political Economic

Spanning three hundred years and the colonial regimes of Spain, Mexico, and the United States, Maurice S. Crandall’s sweeping history of Native American political rights in what is now New Mexico, Arizona, and Sonora demonstrates how Indigenous communities implemented, subverted, rejected, and indigenized colonial ideologies of democracy, both to accommodate and to oppose colonial power.  Focusing on four groups--Pueblos in New Mexico, Hopis in northern Arizona, and Tohono O'odhams and Yaquis in Arizona/Sonora--Crandall reveals the ways Indigenous peoples absorbed and adapted colonially imposed forms of politics to exercise sovereignty based on localized political, economic, and social needs. Using sources that include oral histories and multinational archives, this book allows us to compare Spanish, Mexican, and American conceptions of Indian citizenship, and adds to our understanding of the centuries-long struggle of Indigenous groups to assert their sovereignty in the face of settler colonial rule.

Knowledge Management as Enterprise

2007 ◽  
Vol 36 (S1) ◽  
pp. 137-144 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cat Kutay
Keyword(s):  
Indigenous People ◽  
Computer Games ◽  
Indigenous Communities ◽  
Enterprise Development ◽  
Financial Benefit ◽  
South Wales ◽  
Indigenous Groups ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Information And Communication ◽  
The University

AbstractIndigenous people have been for a long time deprived of financial benefit from their knowledge. Campaigns around the stolen wages and the “Pay the Rent” campaign highlight this. As does the endemic poverty and economic disenfranchisement experienced by many Indigenous people and communities in Australia. Recent enterprises developed by Indigenous people, such as the sale of art works, can be seen as examples of people receiving remuneration for tangible products deriving from their knowledge. Also, tourism involves the sale of selected knowledge in context. Information and Communication Technology (ICT) is a rich and expanding area of enterprise development which supports the development of knowledge and its use in enterprise. While such work depends on the owner’s, or in this case Indigenous, control of the knowledge, it can open up new avenues for enterprise development. Knowledge about local land can be included in children’s computer games, knowledge about successful projects can be shared between communities through the immediacy and multimedia format afforded by online environments, and government reports and statistics can be accessed and analysed by Indigenous groups, given tools that suit a community’s abilities and needs. In particular the way in which ICT can be adapted to individual requirements make such tools ideal for communities which form such a varied and complex environment. The author believes it is important that Indigenous communities not only benefit from ICT by taking control of the technology for their purposes, but are also part of its creation and design to suit their aspirations. ICT is a highly flexible technology which can be tailored to many different enterprises. This paper presents some of the projects being developed at the University of New South Wales and suggests how these can be extended.

scholarly journals Contested mobilities in the maritory: Implications of boundary formation in a nomadic space

2021 ◽  
pp. 239965442110168
Author(s):  
José Barrena ◽  
Alberto Harambour ◽  
Machiel Lamers ◽  
Simon R Bush
Keyword(s):  
Public Policy ◽  
Indigenous People ◽  
Indigenous Communities ◽  
The State ◽  
Partial Control ◽  
Boundary Formation ◽  
Indigenous Groups ◽  
Nomadic People ◽  
Over Time

The mobility of nomadic Indigenous people has been systematically constrained over time by states seeking control over peripheral spaces and people. This is evident in the case of the Kawésqar nomadic ‘people of the sea’ who have been subject to a century of attempts by the Chilean state to spatially fix their movements over both their terrestrial territories and marine ‘maritories’. In this paper, we show how Indigenous groups like the Kawésqar can challenge and even regain partial control over their maritory by using spatial instruments of the state. We argue that by using these instruments to remobilise, the Kawésqar have been empowered to demobilise other groups and marine related sectors, such as aquaculture. These findings can reorient public policy to be more sensitive to Indigenous space and mobility. Instead of focusing exclusively on the establishment of spatial boundaries to exclude Indigenous communities, they can be used as a means of empowering these communities to exert control over actors and sectors seeking to limit their mobility.

scholarly journals A Comparative Analysis of Indigenous Research Guidelines to Inform Genomic Research in Indigenous Communities

2012 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicole K Taniguchi ◽  
Maile Taualii ◽  
Jay Maddock
Keyword(s):  
Best Practices ◽  
Indigenous People ◽  
Indigenous Peoples ◽  
Biological Samples ◽  
Genetic Research ◽  
Indigenous Communities ◽  
Genomic Research ◽  
Indigenous Research ◽  
Research Guidelines ◽  
Indigenous Groups

BACKGROUND: Genetic research has potential benefits for improving health, such as identifying molecular characteristics of a disease, understanding disease prevalence and treatment, and developing treatments tailored to patients based on individual genetic characteristics of their disease. Indigenous people are often targeted for genetic research because genes are easier to study in communities that practice endogamy. Therefore, populations perceived to be more homogenous, such as Indigenous peoples, are ideal for genetic studies. While Indigenous communities remain the focal point of many genomic studies, some result in harm and unethical practice. Unfortunately, the harms of poorly formulated and unethical research involving Indigenous people have created barriers to participation that prevent critical and lifesaving research. These harms have led a number of Indigenous communities to develop guidelines for engaging with researchers to assist in safely bridging the gap between genetic research and Indigenous peoples. SPECIFIC AIMS: The specific aims of this study were: (1) to conduct an international review and comparison of Indigenous research guidelines that highlight topics regarding genetics and use of biological samples and identify commonalities and differences among ethical principles of concern to Indigenous peoples; and (2) develop policy recommendations for Indigenous populations interested in creating formal policies around the use of genetic information and protection of biological samples using data from specific aim 1. METHODS: A comparative analysis was performed to identify best research practices and recommendations for Indigenous groups from four countries: Canada, New Zealand, Australia, and the United States. The analysis examined commonalities in political relationships, which support self-determination among these Indigenous communities to control their data. Current international Indigenous guidelines were analyzed to review processes of how genetic research is conducted and the use of biological samples is handled with Indigenous peoples. RESULTS: Results suggest the need for genetic and genomic research policies for the world’s Indigenous people. Indigenous groups are most vulnerable to research exploitation and harm; therefore, identifying principles that work for Indigenous people will lead to best practices for all populations. CONCLUSIONS: Development and implementation of best practices informed by research guidelines in Canada, New Zealand, Australia, and the U.S. may be helpful to advise Indigenous leaders, policy makers, and researchers to the proper conduction of genetic research within Indigenous communities. Comparative analyses are a useful tool for identifying areas for further work in developing genetic research policy for Indigenous communities. OUTCOME: The outcomes of this analysis are relevant and useful to Indigenous communities and inform the development of community-based genetic research guidelines. The recommendations can be used in designing appropriate policies for future genomic research with Indigenous peoples.

scholarly journals The impact of COVID-19 on education provision to indigenous people in Mexico

2021 ◽  
Vol 55 (1) ◽  
pp. 151-164 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elida Sánchez-Cruz ◽  
Alfred Masinire ◽  
Enrique Vez López
Keyword(s):  
Online Education ◽  
Indigenous People ◽  
Strong Dependence ◽  
Indigenous Communities ◽  
State Governments ◽  
Ministry Of Education ◽  
Support Provision ◽  
School Communities ◽  
Indigenous Groups ◽  
The Impact

Abstract As a result of the COVID-19 pandemic, measures have been taken globally to shut down schools at all levels and move education to the online arena, which entails a strong dependence on access to the internet and electronic gadgets. Measures such as these are bound to deepen already existing inequality and bring about major disruptions in the students’ learning process. In this context, the makeup of our diverse Mexican society and school communities calls for a political framework that promotes equal education and ensures a way of constructing knowledge that is accessible to all; a perspective in education that respects traditional groups and cultures, especially those who are usually financially disadvantaged, such as indigenous people. This article examines measures taken to support provision of online education, in general, and indigenous groups, in particular. The data collection approach to support the findings consisted of reviewing official websites from UNESCO, the Mexican Ministry of Education, and three states with the largest number of indigenous people (IP). The findings suggest that the production of TV programs and school booklets in indigenous languages show a considerable effort to reach out to indigenous communities throughout the country. Nevertheless, the measures taken by the national and state governments may still be deemed limited and somewhat biased in favor of monolingual students.

The ghost moth (Lepidoptera: Hepialidae) as food of indigenous people in Mexico

2016 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 53-59 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Gómez ◽  
C. Junghans ◽  
E.M. Aldasoro ◽  
J.R. Grehan
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Traditional Knowledge ◽  
Indigenous People ◽  
Indigenous Communities ◽  
Significant Source ◽  
Human Consumption ◽  
Indigenous Groups

We review the anthroentomophagy of Hepialidae with respect to the culinary practice of various indigenous groups in Mexico. The principal genera involved in human consumption are Phassus and Schausiana. Similarities in the morphology and ecology of these insects have led to confusion among those who have made ethnobiological studies of this group. We clarify the taxonomy, life cycle, traditional knowledge, consumption and other uses made of Hepialidae by rural and indigenous communities in Mexico. Bromatological studies show that Phassus and Schausiana represent a significant source of nutrients for some indigenous communities.

scholarly journals Cancer among Indigenous Communities: Disparities & Challenges

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anamika Mishra ◽  
Nancy Shi
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Heart Disease ◽  
First Nations ◽  
Chronic Conditions ◽  
Indigenous Communities ◽  
Health Inequities ◽  
Mortality Rates ◽  
Indigenous Groups ◽  
Incidence Risk ◽  
History Of

Given the history of racism and systemic oppression of Indigenous communities, examining and addressing health inequities in in Indigenous continues to be relevant and important. An increasing number of healthcare problems are emerging from Indigenous communities.1,2 Canadian First Nations women and men have lower life expectancies and increasing rates of chronic conditions, such as diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, heart disease, and obesity.1 Some evidence suggests that the burden of cancer is lower among Indigenous communities than the overall population.3 However, there is much data indicating that this rate in increasing and that members of Indigenous communities have increased mortality rates when compared to non-Indigenous groups for cancers of the cervix, breast, gallbladder, lip and oropharynx, liver, lung, prostate and stomach.4,5  This paper discusses cancer incidence, risk factors, screening, and detection of cancers among Indigenous communities. This is followed by a discussion of potential interventions that may reduce the burden-related morbidity and mortality of cancer on these communities. Indigenous communities continue to experience unique barriers to accessing appropriate cancer care and preventive services and steps to minimize health inequalities should be taken.

scholarly journals DIREITOS ADQUIRIDOS POR COMUNIDADES INDIGENAS AO LONGO DA HISTORIA DO BRASIL

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 34-38
Author(s):  
Andreas G. F. Miranda ◽  
Rachel L. Q.Chacur
Keyword(s):  
Indigenous Communities ◽  
Indigenous Groups ◽  
History Of

This article aims to expose someof the securities acquired by the indigenous communities throughout the history of our country, in an attempt to elucidate the importance of these rights for the welfare of the Indian and his community. The paper analyzes several areas of law, which were necessary tools for validation of culture and proposal of rights to indigenous groups.

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