scholarly journals Analysis of loyalty and future intentions of the users of the golf courses in Andalusia, Spain

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 181-199
Author(s):  
Marcos Pradas García ◽  
María José Maciá Andreu ◽  
Marta García-Tascón ◽  
Ana María Gallardo Guerrero
Keyword(s):  
Golf Course ◽  
Golf Courses ◽  
Tourism Destination ◽  
Vital Importance ◽  
Sports Organizations ◽  
Reliable Instrument ◽  
The Future ◽  
Golf Industry

Spain is a European leader as a golf tourism destination, and Andalusia is the region that receives the most tourism in this sector, boosting not only the golf industry but also the percentage of income overall. Thus, user loyalty and knowing the future intentions of users is a matter of vital importance in these sports organizations. This study analyses 636 users of 17 golf courses in Andalusia –73.43% men and 26.42% women– and with an average age of 50.2 ± 15.6. The results show that more than 70% of users would encourage their families to play on the golf course and recommend it in more than 75% of them. In conclusion, this study emphasises the need for the use of the adapted tool, as it is a valid and reliable instrument that guides on the aspects demanded by the user as well as how to build loyalty.

scholarly journals An investigation of key market growth factors that influence the “luxurisation” of golf industry in China

2016 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Congshan Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Growth Factors ◽  
Golf Course ◽  
Golf Courses ◽  
Key Factors ◽  
Market Growth ◽  
Rapid Economic Growth ◽  
The World ◽  
Golf Industry ◽  
Political Economic ◽  
Depth Interviews

<p>This study aims to investigate the key market growth factors for golf development in China as a luxury product. After nearly 30 years of development, China now has the largest golf complex in the world and in recent years the market is growing at its fastest pace. Due to rapid economic growth and the emergence of a large number of wealthy people, it has been argued that the consumption of luxury will increase. However, little research has been carried out to answer the question why a foreign game could develop so robustly, and the key factors that have contributed to its growth in relation to its unique features.  Both questionnaire and in-depth interviews were adopted in the study. Valid questionnaire responses were collected from 213 golf managers in China. The results were supported by evidence from interviews with 5 experienced golf course managers who have worked in several golf courses around China. It is found that that the economic and cultural factors are the key market growth factors for the development of golf as a luxury product in China. The findings also discuss how political, economic, cultural, technological, geographic and environmental factors are influencing current and future golf development.</p>

Loading rates of nutrients discharging from a golf course and a neighboring forested basin

1999 ◽  
Vol 39 (12) ◽  
pp. 99-107 ◽  
Author(s):  
Takao Kunimatsu ◽  
Miki Sudo ◽  
Takeshi Kawachi
Keyword(s):  
Nutrient Loading ◽  
Chamaecyparis Obtusa ◽  
Phosphorus Loading ◽  
Golf Course ◽  
Nutrient Concentrations ◽  
Golf Courses ◽  
Japanese Cypress ◽  
Arithmetic Average ◽  
Loading Rates ◽  
Runoff Rate

In the last ten years, the number of golf courses has been increasing in some countries as the game gains popularity. This indicates, a need to estimate the nutrient loading from golf courses in order to prevent the eutrophication of water bodies. Nutrient concentrations and flow rates of a brook were measured once a week from 1989 to 1990 at two sites: Site A of a brook flowing out from D-golf course (53 ha) and Site B of the same brook discharging into the golf course from an upper forested basin (23 ha) covered mainly with planted Japanese cypress (Chamaecyparis obtusa SIEB. et ZUCC). The bedrock of the area was granite. The annual values of precipitation and mean temperature were 1947 mm and 13.5°C in 1989, respectively. The arithmetic average values of discharge from the forested basin and the golf course were 0.392 and 1.26 mg/l total nitrogen (TN), 0.0072 and 0.145 mg/l total phosphorus (TP), 0.82 and 3.53 mg/l potassium ion (K+, 5.92 and 8.24 mg/l sodium ion (Na+), 2.1 and 9.9 mg/l suspending solid (0.001–2.0 mm, SS), 0.087 and 0.147 mS/cm electric conductivity (EC), and 0.031 and 0.037 m3/km2•s specific discharge, respectively. The loading rates of the forested basin and the golf course were 5.42 and 13.5 TN, 0.133 and 3.04 TP, 8.84 and 33.9 K+, 55.0 and 73.0 Na+, and 54.3 and 118 SS in kg/ha•y. The leaching and runoff rate of nitrogen in the chemical fertilizers applied on the golf course was calculated as 32%. These results indicated the importance of controlling the phosphorus loading for the management of golf courses.

scholarly journals GOLF COURSES AND THEIR IMPACT ON THE ENVIRONMENT

2019 ◽  
Vol 17 (Suppl.1) ◽  
pp. 864-867
Author(s):  
Boyan Doytchev
Keyword(s):  
Golf Course ◽  
Golf Courses ◽  
The World ◽  
Environmental Norms ◽  
Ecological Culture

Golf is a popular and traditional sport in countries like Scotland, UK, USA, Canada, Japan, Australia, Germany, Denmark, etc. Over the last decades, it has gained increasing popularity in many countries around the world, established as tourist, spa recreation and sports destinations. Interest in the sport under discussion has progressively increased over the years. In this article, we only discuss golf courses and their impact on the environment. We will not comment on whether a given golf course is appropriate from a community perspective - a very important issue. This requires the construction of golf courses in accordance with environmental norms and policies, as well as with the development of the ecological culture of society.

scholarly journals Development of mobile control system for lighting tower in golf courses

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (2.12) ◽  
pp. 174
Author(s):  
Yong Ho Kim ◽  
Hui IL Chang
Keyword(s):  
Control System ◽  
Remote Control ◽  
Control Device ◽  
Operation Management ◽  
Control Individual ◽  
Golf Course ◽  
Golf Courses ◽  
Lighting Control ◽  
Remote Control System ◽  
User Device

Background/Objectives: It is a common for existing golf courses to manage all lighting facilities in batches because it is hard to controllighting individually. That is very much part of the golf courses and forces the whole golf course to light on even though play was finished due to the difficulty of real time checking situationMethods/Statistical analysis: Lighting control device and method in this study are provided not only to control remotely individual lighting installed each hole in golf course but to inspect failure of lighting. There is no longer to stay golf course in person to control lighting system.Findings:Lighting control device and method to be able to control individual lighting installed each hole in golf course is provided to response for the problem in a waste of electricity after playing. User device makes it possible to remotely control lighting and inspect failure of itImprovements/Applications: It can expect to reduce golf course operation management cost by building a smart tower remote control system  

scholarly journals Nutrients exportation by Tifdwarf bermudagrass from golf course greens

2020 ◽  
Vol 26 (3) ◽  
pp. 422-431 ◽  
Author(s):  
Caroline de Moura D’Andréa Mateus ◽  
Regina Maria Monteiro de Castilho ◽  
Patrick Luan Ferreira dos Santos ◽  
Flávia Diniz Mota ◽  
Leandro José Grava de Godoy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Cynodon Dactylon ◽  
Golf Course ◽  
Golf Courses ◽  
Fertilization Program ◽  
Paulo State ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Management Techniques ◽  
Completely Randomized Design ◽  
One Year

Abstract One of the management techniques used in greens (final areas of the holes) of golf course is the fertilizer. To correct fertilization program of these areas should know the consumption of nutrients throughout the plant cycle. The objective was to determine the export of nutrients by clipping of Tifdwarf bermudagrass (Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pers. x Cynodon transvaalensis Burtt-Davey) used in golf courses greens in the four weather seasons, as information to improve nutritional management. The research project was conducted in two golf courses in Sao Paulo State. Four greens were studied in each field, for a period of one year, using a 4x2 factorial (weather seasons x golf courses) in a completely randomized design. The production of dry matter and nutrient concentration were evaluated, and the absorption and exportation of nutrients by leaf clippings was subsequently calculated. The amount of nutrients exported by turfgrass clippings was different between the two golf courses. The summer was the season of greatest accumulation and export of nutrients in FG, except for Fe. Autumn was the season of greatest accumulation and export of nutrients in FCA, except for Mn and Zn. Considering the amount of nutrients exported by the greens clippings of the Tifdwarf bermudagrass from the two golf courses studied, the macronutrients were exported in the following order: N>K>Ca>P>S>Mg (21.8, 4.3, 2.0, 1.9, 1.8, 0.7 g m-2) and the micronutrients were exported in the following order: Fe>Zn>Mn>Cu>B (257.8, 27.4, 23.6, 7.8, 6.0 mg m-2).

scholarly journals Fall Mole Cricket Control on Golf Courses in South Mississippi, 1992

1994 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 309-309
Author(s):  
Joseph P. Harris
Keyword(s):  
Gulf Coast ◽  
Golf Course ◽  
Golf Courses ◽  
Clay Loam ◽  
Jackson County ◽  
Ambient Temperatures ◽  
Time Of Application ◽  
Mole Cricket ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Pre Treatment

Abstract This experiment was conducted on fairways at the Jackson County Golf Course in Jackson County on the Gulf Coast of Mississippi. Soil type was sandy clay loam. Experimental design was a RCB with 4 replications. Each replication was 10,000 ft2. Treatments were made on 7 Oct between 4:00 and 5:30 p.m. Both treatments were applied with a Snyder Polyolefin Agro-Tank tractor mounted hydraulic sprayer. Total spray volume was 50 gal water/acre using 8003 T-jet flat nozzles with 50 psi. Immediately before and after treatment, VS inch irrigation water was applied to all plots except the Orthene treated plots. All plots were irrigated with V* inch of water each afternoon after treatment for four weeks. Rainfall of 1.5, 0.5, and 1.5 inches occurred on 1,3, and 4 Nov, respectively. At the time of application soil and ambient temperatures were 73° and 75° F, respectively. Relative humidity was moderate with a cloud cover of 20%. Mole cricket damage ratings were made using a 1 m2 frame divided into nine equal, square-shaped sections. The frame was placed on the ground in 20 locations/rep. The presence of mounds and tunnels was determined visually and by touch. Damage ranged from zero (no damage in any of the nine sections) to nine (nine sections contained mounds and/or tunnels). Pre-treatment counts were made on 6 Oct and post-treatment counts were made on 21 Oct and 4 Nov.

Impacts of golf course construction and operation on headwater streams: bioassessment using benthic algae

2003 ◽  
Vol 81 (8) ◽  
pp. 848-858 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jennifer G Winter ◽  
Peter J Dillon ◽  
Carolyn Paterson ◽  
Ron A Reid ◽  
Keith M Somers
Keyword(s):  
Nutrient Enrichment ◽  
Headwater Streams ◽  
Benthic Algae ◽  
Golf Course ◽  
Golf Courses ◽  
Algal Communities ◽  
Precambrian Shield ◽  
Filamentous Green Algae ◽  
Algal Groups ◽  
Under Construction

The influence of golf course operation and construction on benthic algal communities in headwater streams on the Precambrian Shield was investigated using a reference condition approach. Streams were sampled for water chemistry and epilithic benthic algae on operational golf courses, on courses under construction, and from nearby minimally impacted reference locations. Epilithic diatom community structure was different in reference streams than in operational golf course streams, the latter indicating nutrient enrichment, higher pH, and disturbance. Full counts of diatoms and soft algae revealed that there was a lower proportion of diatoms relative to other algal groups, cyanobacteria in particular, in operational golf course streams compared with samples from reference locations. Dominance by a single taxon was also significantly higher in operational golf course streams. Although differences relative to the reference streams were less marked for the streams on courses under construction, full counts of diatoms and soft algae provided evidence of disturbance and nutrient enrichment. In particular, high proportions of filamentous green algae were recorded. Overall, our results indicate that golf course land management on the Shield is associated with significant differences in the abundance of certain benthic algal taxa in headwater streams.Key words: diatoms, periphyton, biomonitoring, golf courses, canonical correspondence analysis (CCA), Precambrian Shield.

scholarly journals Fall Mole Cricket Control on Golf Courses, 1995C

1997 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 340-340
Author(s):  
Joseph P. Harris
Keyword(s):  
Gulf Coast ◽  
Golf Course ◽  
Golf Courses ◽  
Clay Loam ◽  
Jackson County ◽  
Mole Cricket ◽  
Wettable Powder ◽  
Knapsack Sprayer ◽  
Mole Crickets ◽  
Spray Volume

Abstract This experiment was conducted on fairways 10, 12, 13, 15 and 18 at the Jackson County Golf Course in Jackson County on the Gulf Coast of Mississippi. Soil type was a sandy clay loam. Mole crickets were midinstar nymphs Experimental design was a RCB with 4 replications. Each replication was 2,000 ft2. Treatments were made on 24 Oct. Granular formulations were applied with a Scotts ProTurf, hand-pushed spreader. Liquid and wettable powder formulations were applied with a Solo Knapsack sprayer using a fan nozzle at 25 psi, and a spray volume of 2 gal per 2,000 ft2. Rainfall from 24 Oct to 11 Nov was a total of 16.41 inches during this study. All plots received 0.33 inch water within 1 hour after applications. Mole cricket damage was rated using a 1 m2 frame divided into nine equal, square-shaped sections. The frame was placed on the ground at 10 locations/replicate. The presence of mounds and tunnels was determined visually and by touch. Damage ranged from zero (no damage in any of the nine sections) to nine (nine sections contained mounds and/or tunnels). Pretreatment counts were made on 24 Oct and post-treatmem counts were made on 31 Oct and 6, 13 and 20 Nov.

scholarly journals Situación de endeudamiento de las organizaciones de gestión de instalaciones deportivas de ocio no competitivo. Un estudio empírico

2018 ◽  
pp. 41-48
Author(s):  
M. Grimaldi-Puyana ◽  
P. Gálvez-Ruiz ◽  
A. J. Sánchez-Oliver ◽  
V. Alcaraz-Rodríguez
Keyword(s):  
Balance Sheet ◽  
Economic Situation ◽  
Golf Courses ◽  
Sports Organizations ◽  
The Past ◽  
Economic Information ◽  
Lack Of Control ◽  
The Status ◽  
Analysis System ◽  
Existing Data

La gestión de la deuda en las organizaciones deportivas es una variable determinante para la supervivencia de éstas, la falta de control puede afectar al buen funcionamiento de una entidad. Según los datos existentes, las organizaciones que gestionan campos de golf gozan de una buena situación económica. Por ello, el propósito del presente estudio fue conocer el estado y evolución de la deuda de las empresas deportivas que participan en el deporte del golf no competitivo. Para ello, se seleccionó una muestra de 93 organizaciones de todo el territorio Español, con una antigüedad media de 20,08 años. Para la obtención de los datos se utilizó la información económica del Sistema de Análisis de Balances Ibéricos de la pasada década. Los hallazgos obtenidos en el presente estudio nos llevan a conocer que la deuda media de las organizaciones ha aumentado en el 70,5% de los casos después de una década. A pesar de la buena salud económica y al aumento de sus ingresos por explotación y total de activos en el período de estudio, podemos afirmar que la deuda de estas organizaciones ha aumentado exponencialmente entre el 2005-2015. The management of the debt in sports organizations are determinant variables for the survival of these, the lack of control can affect the proper functioning of an entity. According to the existing data, the organizations that manage golf courses enjoy a good economic situation. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to know the status and evolution of the debt of sports companies that participate in the sport of non-competitive golf. For this, a sample of 93 organizations throughout the Spanish territory was selected with an average age of 20,08 years. In order to obtain the data, the economic information of the Iberian Balance Sheet Analysis System of the past decade was used. From the findings obtained in the present study, an increase in the average debt of the organizations of 70,5% follows after a decade. In spite of the good economic health and the increase of its income by exploitation and total of assets in the period of study, we can affirm that the debt of these organizations has increased exponentially between 2005-2015.

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