scholarly journals Does caffeine matter for arousal? Affective and autonomic responses induced by caffeine in coffee intake: evidence from a double-blind tasting task

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. e00143322
Author(s):  
Fernando Rodrigues ◽  
Julien Diogo ◽  
Carla Rodrigues ◽  
Cláudia Figueira ◽  
Pedro J. Rosa
Keyword(s):  
Autonomic Response ◽  
Caffeine Intake ◽  
Self Assessment ◽  
Coffee Intake ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Autonomic Responses ◽  
Subject Factor ◽  
Factor Design ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Pupillary Reactivity

Coffee is consumed worldwide, but there are different types of espresso blends, each with its unique concentration of caffeine, which can have different effects on the human being. The aim of this study was to understand the effect of the impact of caffeine on the autonomic nervous system, evaluating the physiological changes and subjective responses due to different levels of caffeine intake. A double-blind tasting task consisting of one within-subject factor design (caffeine level: high / double caffeine mixture (blend A) vs single-charge caffeine mixture (blend B) vs low-caffeine mixture (blend c) allowed us to assess participants’ autonomic responses using Heart Rate Variability (HRV) and Pupillary Reactivity (PR). Arousal was also assessed through the Self-Assessment Manikin (SAM). Results revealed statistically significant differences in HRV and PR between coffee blends, showing the blend A,a more pronounced autonomic response that blend C. However, no significant differences were found in arousal level among coffee blends. These results are similar to previous research that pointed out to a discordance between subjective and objective measures when caffeine is consumed.

scholarly journals Caffeine Increases Performance and Leads to a Cardioprotective Effect During Intense Exercise in Cyclists: a Randomized, Double-blind, Crossover, Placebo-controlled Study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Felipe Sampaio-Jorge ◽  
Anderson Pontes Morales ◽  
Rafael Pereira de Paula ◽  
Thiago Barth ◽  
Beatriz Gonçalves Ribeiro
Keyword(s):  
Athletic Performance ◽  
Time Trial ◽  
Vagal Tone ◽  
Cardioprotective Effect ◽  
Autonomic Response ◽  
Controlled Study ◽  
Caffeine Intake ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Dietary Strategies ◽  
The Impact

Abstract The present study was designed to investigate the effects of different caffeine dietary strategies to compare the impact on athletic performance and cardiac autonomic response. The order of the supplementation was randomly assigned: placebo(4-day)-placebo(acute)/PP, placebo(4-day)-caffeine(acute)/PC and caffeine(4-day)-caffeine(acute)/CC. Fourteen male recreationally-trained cyclists ingested capsules containing either placebo or caffeine (6 mg∙kg − 1) for 4 days. On day 5 (acute), capsules containing placebo or caffeine (6 mg∙kg − 1) were ingested 60 min before completing a 16km time-trial. CC and PC showed improvements in time (CC vs PP, Δ -39.3 s and PC vs PP, Δ -43.4 s; p = 0.00; ƞ2=0.33) and in output power (CC vs PP, Δ 5.55 w and PC vs PP, Δ 6.17 w; p = 0.00; ƞ2=0.30). At the final of the time-trial, CC and PC exhibited greater parasympathetic modulation (vagal tone) when compared to the PP condition (p < 0.00; ƞ2=0.92). Our study provided evidence that acute caffeine intake (6 mg∙kg − 1) increased performance and demonstrated a relevant cardioprotective effect, through increased vagal tone.

scholarly journals Caffeine increases performance and leads to a cardioprotective effect during intense exercise in cyclists

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Felipe Sampaio-Jorge ◽  
Anderson Pontes Morales ◽  
Rafael Pereira ◽  
Thiago Barth ◽  
Beatriz Gonçalves Ribeiro
Keyword(s):  
Athletic Performance ◽  
Time Trial ◽  
Vagal Tone ◽  
Cardioprotective Effect ◽  
Autonomic Response ◽  
Caffeine Intake ◽  
Intense Exercise ◽  
Performance Time ◽  
Dietary Strategies ◽  
The Impact

AbstractThe present study was designed to investigate the effects of different caffeine dietary strategies to compare the impact on athletic performance and cardiac autonomic response. The order of the supplementation was randomly assigned: placebo(4-day)-placebo(acute)/PP, placebo(4-day)-caffeine(acute)/PC and caffeine(4-day)-caffeine(acute)/CC. Fourteen male recreationally-trained cyclists ingested capsules containing either placebo or caffeine (6 mg kg−1) for 4 days. On day 5 (acute), capsules containing placebo or caffeine (6 mg kg−1) were ingested 60 min before completing a 16 km time-trial (simulated cycling). CC and PC showed improvements in time (CC vs PP, Δ − 39.3 s and PC vs PP, Δ − 43.4 s; P = 0.00; ƞ2 = 0.33) and in output power (CC vs PP, Δ 5.55 w and PC vs PP, Δ 6.17 w; P = 0.00; ƞ2 = 0.30). At the final of the time-trial, CC and PC exhibited greater parasympathetic modulation (vagal tone) when compared to the PP condition (P < 0.00; ƞ2 = 0.92). Our study provided evidence that acute caffeine intake (6 mg∙kg−1) increased performance (time-trial) and demonstrated a relevant cardioprotective effect, through increased vagal tone.

Lay People’s Views on the Appropriateness of Psychotherapies

2014 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 353
Author(s):  
Etienne Mullet ◽  
Maria Teresa Munoz Sastre ◽  
Florence Sordes-Ader
Keyword(s):  
Web Sites ◽  
Scientific Evidence ◽  
Professional Experience ◽  
Weak Evidence ◽  
Therapeutic Decisions ◽  
Subject Factor ◽  
Factor Design ◽  
The One ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Way

Rationale, aims and objectives When choosing a particular psychotherapy, psychotherapists are expected to take into account their clients’ preferences, needs, and values, their own professional experience, and what is currently known regarding the real impact of these therapies. Psychotherapists widely vary the one from the other in the weight they attribute to each of these factors. We examined the way lay people judge of the appropriateness of therapeutic decisions taken by clinical psychologists.Methods 206 participants were presented with 24 vignettes depicting the way a psychotherapist has selected therapy. They were composed according to a three within-subject factor design: (a) the frequency with which the therapy was used in clinical practice in the area, (b) the patients’ usual level of appreciation of this therapy, and (c) the level of scientific evidence supporting the use of this therapy (strong evidence, weak evidence, unknown evidence and no evidence). The participants rated appropriateness of the decision in each case.Results For half the participants, the most important factor was the patients’ appreciation of the therapy in general. Even scientifically supported therapies were considered as only mildly appropriate if patients in general didn’t like them much. For the remaining half of participants, scientific evidence was the most important factor: Therapies that were well appreciated by patients were not viewed as appropriate if they were not scientifically grounded.Conclusions Creating authoritative multilingual web sites synthesizing the main findings regarding the impact of diverse therapies would be a way through which at least some patients could judge of the appropriateness of the technique they have been offered by their psychotherapists. Their (informed) reactions could ease changes in direction of more weight attributed to existing scientific evidence from the part of therapists. 

Self-assessment by medical workers of the degree of influence of working conditions on the development of occupational diseases

2019 ◽  
pp. 463-467 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. N. Petrukhin ◽  
O. N. Andreenko ◽  
I. V. Boyko ◽  
S. V. Grebenkov
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Working Conditions ◽  
Occupational Diseases ◽  
Health Workers ◽  
Medical Personnel ◽  
Long Term Memory ◽  
Self Assessment ◽  
Medical Institutions ◽  
Care Workers ◽  
The Impact

Introduction. The activities of health workers are associated with the impact of many harmful factors that lead to loss of health. Compared with other professional groups, health care workers are ill longer and harder, which may be due to polymorbidity pathology.The aim of the study based on the survey data to study the representation of health workers about working conditions and to identify their impact on the formation of occupational diseases.Materials and methods. In order to get a real idea of the attitude of medical workers to their working conditions in 2018, an anonymous survey was conducted of 1129 doctors and 776 employees of secondary and junior medical personnel working in health care institutions in St. Petersburg, Moscow, Krasnoyarsk, Vologda and Orel.Results. Research of working conditions and health of physicians allowed to establish that work in medical institutions imposes considerable requirements to an organism of working, its physical condition and endurance, volume of operational and long-term memory, ability to resist to mental, moral and ethical overloads.Conclusions: The most important method of combating the development of occupational diseases is their prevention. Organizational and preventive measures should be aimed primarily at monitoring the working conditions and health of medical staff .

scholarly journals Consumption of Enriched Yogurt with PAF Inhibitors from Olive Pomace Affects the Major Enzymes of PAF Metabolism: A Randomized, Double Blind, Three Arm Trial

Biomolecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 801
Author(s):  
Maria Detopoulou ◽  
Agathi Ntzouvani ◽  
Filio Petsini ◽  
Labrini Gavriil ◽  
Εlizabeth Fragopoulou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Platelet Activating Factor ◽  
Lipid Mediator ◽  
Olive Pomace ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Promising Alternative ◽  
Catabolic Enzymes ◽  
Platelet Activating Factor Acetylhydrolase ◽  
The Impact ◽  
By Products ◽  
Apparently Healthy

Platelet-activating factor (PAF), a proinflammatory lipid mediator, plays a crucial role in the formation of the atherosclerotic plaque. Therefore, the inhibition of endothelium inflammation by nutraceuticals, such as PAF inhibitors, is a promising alternative for preventing cardiovascular diseases. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the impact of a new functional yogurt enriched with PAF inhibitors of natural origin from olive oil by-products on PAF metabolism. Ninety-two apparently healthy, but mainly overweight volunteers (35–65 years) were randomly allocated into three groups by block-randomization. The activities of PAF’s biosynthetic and catabolic enzymes were measured, specifically two isoforms of acetyl-CoA:lyso-PAF acetyltransferase (LPCATs), cytidine 5′-diphospho-choline:1-alkyl-2-acetyl-sn-glycerol cholinephosphotransferase (PAF-CPT) and two isoforms of platelet activating factor acetylhydrolase in leucocytes (PAF-AH) and plasma (lipoprotein associated phospholipase-A2, LpPLA2). The intake of the enriched yogurt resulted in reduced PAF-CPT and LpPLA2 activities. No difference was observed in the activities of the two isoforms of lyso PAF-AT. In conclusion, intake of yogurt enriched in PAF inhibitors could favorably modulate PAF biosynthetic and catabolic pathways.

scholarly journals A synbiotic intervention modulates meta-omics signatures of gut redox potential and acidity in elective caesarean born infants

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Christophe Lay ◽  
Collins Wenhan Chu ◽  
Rikky Wenang Purbojati ◽  
Enzo Acerbi ◽  
Daniela I. Drautz-Moses ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factor ◽  
Gut Microbiome ◽  
Reference Group ◽  
Mode Of Delivery ◽  
Controlled Study ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Lipopolysaccharide Biosynthesis ◽  
Infant Gut Microbiome ◽  
Stool Samples ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Background The compromised gut microbiome that results from C-section birth has been hypothesized as a risk factor for the development of non-communicable diseases (NCD). In a double-blind randomized controlled study, 153 infants born by elective C-section received an infant formula supplemented with either synbiotic, prebiotics, or unsupplemented from birth until 4 months old. Vaginally born infants were included as a reference group. Stool samples were collected from day 3 till week 22. Multi-omics were deployed to investigate the impact of mode of delivery and nutrition on the development of the infant gut microbiome, and uncover putative biological mechanisms underlying the role of a compromised microbiome as a risk factor for NCD. Results As early as day 3, infants born vaginally presented a hypoxic and acidic gut environment characterized by an enrichment of strict anaerobes (Bifidobacteriaceae). Infants born by C-section presented the hallmark of a compromised microbiome driven by an enrichment of Enterobacteriaceae. This was associated with meta-omics signatures characteristic of a microbiome adapted to a more oxygen-rich gut environment, enriched with genes associated with reactive oxygen species metabolism and lipopolysaccharide biosynthesis, and depleted in genes involved in the metabolism of milk carbohydrates. The synbiotic formula modulated expression of microbial genes involved in (oligo)saccharide metabolism, which emulates the eco-physiological gut environment observed in vaginally born infants. The resulting hypoxic and acidic milieu prevented the establishment of a compromised microbiome. Conclusions This study deciphers the putative functional hallmarks of a compromised microbiome acquired during C-section birth, and the impact of nutrition that may counteract disturbed microbiome development. Trial registration The study was registered in the Dutch Trial Register (Number: 2838) on 4th April 2011.

scholarly journals Interactions of Oxysterols with Atherosclerosis Biomarkers in Subjects with Moderate Hypercholesterolemia and Effects of a Nutraceutical Combination (Bifidobacterium longum BB536, Red Yeast Rice Extract) (Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Study)

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 427
Author(s):  
Stefania Cicolari ◽  
Chiara Pavanello ◽  
Elena Olmastroni ◽  
Marina Del Puppo ◽  
Marco Bertolotti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bifidobacterium Longum ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Lipoprotein Cholesterol ◽  
Mass Spectrometry Analysis ◽  
Abdominal Circumference ◽  
Controlled Study ◽  
Red Yeast Rice ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Red Yeast ◽  
The Impact

Background: Oxysterol relationship with cardiovascular (CV) risk factors is poorly explored, especially in moderately hypercholesterolaemic subjects. Moreover, the impact of nutraceuticals controlling hypercholesterolaemia on plasma levels of 24-, 25- and 27-hydroxycholesterol (24-OHC, 25-OHC, 27-OHC) is unknown. Methods: Subjects (n = 33; 18–70 years) with moderate hypercholesterolaemia (low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C:): 130–200 mg/dL), in primary CV prevention as well as low CV risk were studied cross-sectionally. Moreover, they were evaluated after treatment with a nutraceutical combination (Bifidobacterium longum BB536, red yeast rice extract (10 mg/dose monacolin K)), following a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled design. We evaluated 24-OHC, 25-OHC and 27-OHC levels by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry analysis. Results: 24-OHC and 25-OHC were significantly correlated, 24-OHC was correlated with apoB. 27-OHC and 27-OHC/total cholesterol (TC) were higher in men (median 209 ng/mL and 77 ng/mg, respectively) vs. women (median 168 ng/mL and 56 ng/mg, respectively); 27-OHC/TC was significantly correlated with abdominal circumference, visceral fat and, negatively, with high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C). Triglycerides were significantly correlated with 24-OHC, 25-OHC and 27-OHC and with 24-OHC/TC and 25-OHC/TC. After intervention, 27-OHC levels were significantly reduced by 10.4% in the nutraceutical group Levels of 24-OHC, 24-OHC/TC, 25-OHC, 25-OHC/TC and 27-OHC/TC were unchanged. Conclusions: In this study, conducted in moderate hypercholesterolemic subjects, we observed novel relationships between 24-OHC, 25-OHC and 27-OHC and CV risk biomarkers. In addition, no adverse changes of OHC levels upon nutraceutical treatment were found.

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