scholarly journals Retrospective Evaluation of Forensic Medicolegal Childhood Deaths Among Children Aged 0-6 Years

2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 65-71
Author(s):  
Ali Yıldırım ◽  
Erdoğan Polater ◽  
Celal Bütün
Keyword(s):  
Traffic Accident ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Sudden Infant Death ◽  
University Hospital ◽  
Sudden Infant ◽  
P Value ◽  
Dead Body ◽  
Retrospective Evaluation ◽  
Manner Of Death ◽  
Epidemiological Pattern

Objective:The aim of this study was to analyze the epidemiological pattern and characteristics of forensic cases resulting in death among children aged 0-6 years and to discuss the solution offers in order to prevent such events that may result in death in 0-6 years of childhood. Materials and Methods:73 cases of medicolegal childhood death among children aged 0-6 years whose post-mortem examinations, dead body examinations and/or autopsies were performed at the morgue of the Cumhuriyet University Hospital in a 8-year period between January 1, 2008 and December 31, 2016 were included in the study group and retrospectively analyzed. In all statistics, the SPSS v.20 statistical software was used, and a p value of <0.05 was accepted as statistically significant.  Results:The study included 73 forensic cases resulted in death whose dead body examinations and autopsies were performed. Of the cases, 52.1% (n:38) were female and 47.9% (n:35) were male.   When the age groups were compared, it was found that the highest mortality rate was in the 0-1 age group with 65.8%. When the manner of death was compared by age groups after autopsy and toxicology/histopathological examinations performed, it was found that the majority of deaths among children aged 0-1 years was due to sudden infant death syndrome with 35.4% (n:17), drowning in water was the most common cause of death between 2-3 years of age with 35% (n:7), followed by accidental deaths due to fall with 30% (n:6), and the deaths among children aged 4-6 years was due to traffic accident...

Periodic Breathing in Preterm Infants: Incidence and Characteristics

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1989 ◽  
Vol 84 (5) ◽  
pp. 785-792
Author(s):  
S. F. Glotzbach ◽  
R. B. Baldwin ◽  
N. E. Lederer ◽  
P. A. Tansey ◽  
R. L. Ariagno
Keyword(s):  
Preterm Infants ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Periodic Breathing ◽  
Sudden Infant Death ◽  
Respiratory Pattern ◽  
Sudden Infant ◽  
Quiet Time ◽  
Term Infants ◽  
Respiratory Dysfunction ◽  
Postconceptional Age

The prevalence and characteristics of periodic breathing in preterm infants were measured by 24-hour impedance pneumograms in 66 preterm infants before discharge from the nursery. Four periodic breathing parameters (percentage of periodic breathing per quiet time, number of episodes of periodic breathing per 100 minutes of quiet time, mean duration of periodic breathing, and longest episode of periodic breathing) were compared to data available from healthy term infants and from term infants who subsequently died of sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS). Periodic breathing was found in all preterm infants studied and mean periodic breathing parameter values (12.0%, 8.6 episodes, 1.2 minutes, and 7.3 minutes, respectively) in our preterm population were substantially higher than values from healthy term infants and SIDS victims. Most periodic breathing parameters decreased significantly in infants studied at 39 to 41 weeks' postconceptional age compared with earlier postconceptional age groups. No relationship was found between central apneas of ≥15 seconds' duration and postconceptional age or any periodic breathing parameter. Periodic breathing is a common respiratory pattern in preterm infants that is usually not of pathologic significance. Associations between elevated levels of periodic breathing and respiratory dysfunction or SIDS should be made with caution.

Comparison of Human Thymus Gland between Young and Old Age

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (6) ◽  
pp. 1907-1909
Author(s):  
Faiza Mehboob ◽  
Ponum Mirani ◽  
M. Kamran Ameer ◽  
Khurram Shabeer ◽  
Muhammad Ali Qamar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Connective Tissue ◽  
Old Age ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Young Age ◽  
University Hospital ◽  
P Value ◽  
Old Patients ◽  
Human Thymus ◽  
Group I ◽  
Significant Difference

Aim: Study was conducted to examine the different parameters of human thymus glands of young and old patients and compare the findings between both age groups. Study Design: Comparative/observational study Place and Study: Study was conducted at Anatomy department of Nishtar Medical University Hospital, Multan for duration of six months from 15th January 2020 to 15th July 2020. Methods: Total 54 specimens of human thymus of 54 patients were enrolled in this study. All specimens were divided in to two groups I and II, Group I contains 27 patients with ages <30 years and group II with 27 patients having ages 45 to 60 years. All specimens were fixed in 10% formalin solution and then processed for paraffin embedding. Compare the different parameters such as thickness of interlobular connective tissue and thymic capsule, length and number of Hassal’s corpuscles between both groups. Data was analyzed by SPSS 24.0. Results: In group I 12 (44.44%) patients were ages <15 years and 15 (55.56%) patients were ages >15 years. In group 13 (48.15%) and 14 (51.85%) patients were ages <50 years and >50 years. There was a significant difference observed between both groups regarding thickness of interlobular connective tissue and thymic capsule, quantity and length of Hassal’s corpuscles with p-value <0.05. Conclusion: It is to be concluded that patients with young age had significantly less thickness of thymic capsule and interlobular connective tissue with more in number and decreasing size of Hassal’s corpuscles as compared to old age patients. Keywords: Human Thymus Glands, Young Age, Old Age

scholarly journals Prevalence of Hepatitis C Virus in the Population of Albania for the Period 2007-2010

2014 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 525-528 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hysaj Vila Brunilda ◽  
Shundi Lila ◽  
Abazaj Erjona ◽  
Bino Silva ◽  
Rexha Tefta
Keyword(s):  
Hepatitis C Virus ◽  
Hepatitis C ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Viral Disease ◽  
Hcv Infection ◽  
University Hospital ◽  
P Value ◽  
Hcv Rna ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Males And Females

BACKGROUND: Hepatitis C is a blood-borne, infectious, viral disease that is caused by a hepatotropic virus called Hepatitis C virus (HCV).AIM: The aim of this study is to determine the prevalence of active HCV infection (HCV–RNA) in the cases that were anti-HCV positive.MATERIAL AND METHODS: Plasma of 301 high-risk for HCV infection consecutive from University Hospital Centre “Mother Theresa” Tirana-Albania, during January 2007 to December 2010 was included in this study. To identify the presence of HCV RNA, the samples were examined by Cobas Amplicor HCV test (qualitative method).RESULTS: From 301 samples analyzed in total, 214 of them resulted positive for the presence of HCV-RNA's, corresponding to a prevalence of 71.1%, with 95% CI interval [65.8 - 75.9] for value of χ2 = 52.7 p value <0.0001. Divide by the sex 56% were males and 44% females, with statistically significant difference between them for value χ2 =4306 p value=0.0380. Among the age groups the highest prevalence was observed in the age groups > 25 years with a significant difference with other age groups for p value <0.001.CONCLUSION: Among tested samples, 71.1 % were confirmed to be positive for HCV –RNA infections. The prevalence of male was highest compared to female. For males and females infected the prevalence was highest in the age group of > 25 years.

Influence of adenosine A1-receptor blockade and vagotomy on the gasping and heart rate response to hypoxia in rats during early postnatal maturation

2007 ◽  
Vol 103 (4) ◽  
pp. 1234-1241 ◽  
Author(s):  
James E. Fewell ◽  
Chunfen Zhang ◽  
Anne M. Gillis
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Heart Rate Response ◽  
Parasympathetic Nervous System ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Sudden Infant Death ◽  
Severe Hypoxia ◽  
Sudden Infant ◽  
Postnatal Life ◽  
Postnatal Maturation ◽  
Rat Pups

Failure to autoresuscitate from apnea has been suggested to play a role in sudden infant death. Little is known, however, about factors that influence the gasping and heart rate response to severe hypoxia that are fundamental to successful autoresuscitation in the newborn. The present experiments were carried out on 184 rat pups to investigate the influence of the parasympathetic nervous system, as well as adenosine, in mediating the profound bradycardia that occurs with the onset of hypoxic-induced primary apnea and in modulating hypoxic gasping. On days 1 to 2, days 5 to 6, and days 10 to 11 postpartum and following bilateral cervical vagotomy (VAG) or administration of a selective adenosine A1 receptor antagonist (8-cyclopentyl-1,3-dipropylxanthine; DPCPX), each pup was exposed to a single period of severe hypoxia produced by breathing an anoxic gas mixture (97% N2-3% CO2). Exposure to severe hypoxia resulted in an age-dependent decrease in heart rate ( P < 0.001), accentuated with increasing postnatal age, that was attenuated in all age groups by DPCPX but not by VAG. Furthermore, DPCPX but not VAG decreased the time to last gasp but increased the total number of gasps in the 1- to 2-day-old and 5- to 6-day-old pups but not in the 10- to 11-day-old pups during exposure to severe hypoxia. Thus our data provide evidence that adenosine acting via adenosine A1 receptors plays a role in modulating hypoxic gasping and in mediating the profound bradycardia that occurs coincident with hypoxic-induced primary apnea in rats during early postnatal life.

scholarly journals DISTRIBUTION OF MYCOPLASMA SPP. AND UREAPLASMA SPP. AMONG PREGNANT WOMEN

2021 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 3630-3633
Author(s):  
Anton G. Petrov ◽  
◽  
Vladislav M. Nankov ◽  
Rositsa V. Petrova ◽  
Irena I. Gencheva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
University Hospital ◽  
Statistical Dependence ◽  
P Value ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Fetal Infection ◽  
Biological Methods ◽  
Ureaplasma Spp ◽  
Mycoplasma Spp

The purpose of the present study is to determine the prevalence of genital mycoplasmas (M. genitalium, M. hominis, U. parvum, U. urealyticum) in pregnant women by molecular biological methods. Material/Methods: A prospective epidemiological study of 107 pregnant women hospitalized in the Clinic of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospital-Pleven, Bulgaria, was conducted. Vaginal secretion samples were taken from all 107 pregnant women. A Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay was used to detect the genomic DNA of the bacteria in pregnant women. Results: The highest is the relative share of women in the age group from 20 to 35 years - 66 (64.68%), followed by women under 20 years - 27 (25.23%) and women over 35 years - 14 (13.08%). Detection of bacterial DNA was found in 85 (79.44%) of the cases, with present Ureaplasma spp. Colonization in 42 women (39.25%). Although no statistical dependence was found on open bacteria and age groups (p-value = 0.4688), it is noteworthy that the prevalence of Mycoplasma spp. and Ureaplasma spp. as a whole in the age group from 20 to 35 years, which has the highest birth rate, is more than twice higher than the group of up to 20 years and more than five times higher compared to the group over 35 years. Conclusions: Studies on the incidence of Mycoplasma spp. and Ureaplasma spp. in pregnant women is important for controlling the pregnancy, predicting the risk of developing maternal-fetal infection and discussing the options for timely treatment.

scholarly journals Recommendations for the Autopsy of an Infant who has Died Suddenly and Unexpectedly

2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 171-181 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kathryn Pinneri ◽  
Evan W. Matshes
Keyword(s):  
Infant Death ◽  
Sudden Infant Death ◽  
The United States ◽  
Sudden Infant ◽  
Manner Of Death ◽  
Death Scene ◽  
Standards Of Practice ◽  
Unexpected Infant Death ◽  
Medical Examiners ◽  
Consultation Services

As the result of improved death scene investigations and the performance of more thorough and thoughtful pediatric forensic autopsies, there has been a widespread increase in the recognition of asphyxial mechanisms of death as well as lethal natural diseases that might have otherwise been erroneously labeled as sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS) or sudden unexpected infant death (SUID). Although it is fair to state that “more thorough autopsies provide more thorough medical evidence” from which to draw upon when determining cause and manner of death, there is no standard, accepted baseline from which forensic pathologists operate. Although anatomic pathologists are quite accustomed to practicing within well-defined boundaries for specimen (and thus diagnostic) adequacy, forensic pathologists are frequently hesitant to embrace or adopt such concepts. This has made it difficult to evaluate standards of practice in forensic pathology. Recommendations have been developed and published by the National Association of Medical Examiners for the postmortem assessment of suspected infant head trauma. However, significant variation exists in the way autopsies are performed on infants without trauma, such as the common scenario of an infant who has died suddenly and unexpectedly of asphyxial or apparent natural means. A wide variety of autopsy techniques and ancillary studies are available to forensic pathologists, but as survey data indicates, are not consistently used throughout the United States. This paper will discuss the different components of the pediatric autopsy and make recommendations for the best use of available tests and consultation services.

Should Promethazine in Liquid Form Be Available Without Prescription?

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1990 ◽  
Vol 86 (2) ◽  
pp. 221-225
Author(s):  
Gerald B. Hickson ◽  
William A. Altemeier ◽  
Ellen W. Clayton
Keyword(s):  
Adverse Reactions ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Sudden Infant Death ◽  
Sudden Infant ◽  
Liquid Form ◽  
Over The Counter ◽  
Federal Drug Administration ◽  
Life Threatening ◽  
Margin Of Safety ◽  
The Impact

Promethazine, available by prescription only since its introduction in 1946, has been widely used for pediatric patients because of its antihistaminic, antiemetic and sedative properties. Recently, it's makers have sought Federal Drug Administration approval to introduce two liquid over the counter allergy/cold/cough products containing promethazine as an active ingredient. Although millions of doses have been administered, promethazine use has not been free of risk. Promethazine has been reported to cause significant sedation, agitation, hallucinations, seizures, dystonic reactions, and possibly apparent life-threatening events or sudden infant death syndrome. The impact of these relatively uncommon adverse reactions on children would be minimal if parents would use over the counter promethazine only for appropriate indications and only in children greater than 2 years of age. However, according to results of research evaluating the use of various over the counter medications by families for their children, promethazine will be used inappropriately. Both its over the counter status, implying a certain margin of safety, and its formulation as a syrup, providing ease of administration, should increase its use in all age groups including that by children less than 2 years of age who may be most vulnerable to the adverse reactions associated with the drug's use.

scholarly journals Frequency of extra-articular manifestations in cohort of Pakistani patients presented with RA at Independent University Hospital Faisalabad.

2021 ◽  
Vol 28 (06) ◽  
pp. 819-827
Author(s):  
Zafar Ali Zafar ◽  
Muhammad Absar Alam ◽  
Muhammad Sarfraz ◽  
Touseef Ahmad ◽  
Hafiz Salman Saeed ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rheumatoid Arthritis ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
University Hospital ◽  
P Value ◽  
Early Assessment ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
American College Of Rheumatology ◽  
Independent University

Objective: To determine the frequency of extra articular manifestations in Rheumatoid Arthritis patients at independent university hospital Faisalabad. Study Design: Cross Sectional study. Setting: Rheumatology Division of Internal Medicine Independent University Hospital Faisalabad. Period: January 2019 to December 2019. Material & Methods: Consecutive Three hundred and twenty-three adult patients of either sex, of age between 20-60 years with baseline RA fulfilling the 2010 criteria of American College of Rheumatology. Extra articular manifestations were assessed. Chi square test was used to compare the frequency of extra articular manifestations among different disease duration, age groups, seropositivity and disease score. A p-value ≤ 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: 323 patients with RA were assessed in this study. Extra articular manifestations were assessed according to clinical presentation. 15.2% (49) patients were found to have lung involvement with predominant interstitial lung disease. Rheumatoid nodules were found in 9.9% (32) patients. 3rd most common extra-articular manifestation was sicca syndrome, seen in 3.7% (12) patients followed by neurological 2.2% and cardiac was 1.5%. Other extra-articular manifestations were seen in 2.8% of patients. Conclusion: it is very important to assess the extra articular manifestations in rheumatoid arthritis. Early assessment and early intervention can decrease the disease morbidity and mortality.

Statistical Evaluation of the Respiratory Pattern as a Risk Factor for the Sudden Infant Death Syndrome

1984 ◽  
Vol 23 (01) ◽  
pp. 41-46 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. P. Pfeiffer ◽  
R. Haidmayer ◽  
P. Kerschhaggl ◽  
R. Kurz ◽  
T. Kenner
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Evaluation ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Sudden Infant Death ◽  
Diagnostic Information ◽  
Respiratory Pattern ◽  
Sudden Infant ◽  
Numerical Classification ◽  
Clinical Classification ◽  
Classification Procedure ◽  
Characteristic Values

SummaryTo evaluate the respiratory pattern of infants with regard to a possible risk for SIDS, two characteristic values (MA and GA) were computed from the distribution of apneas. For the computation of one of these characteristic values (GA), a weight function for apneas was used to consider the diagnostic information content of apneas of different durations. The distribution of apneas is approximately exponential where apneas up to 20 s and longer have been found. Using these characteristic numerical values of the respiratory pattern, infants of different age groups were classified into risk and non-risk cases. This classification was performed in the way that an optimal agreement between clinical and numerical classification was achieved. For both numerical values an agreement of about 90% with clinical classification was achieved.To consider the differing impact of misclassification, a weighted classification procedure was proposed.

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