Fair Competition Review Applying in Tobacco Monopoly of China: on the Practice of Administrative Self-Regulation

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (6) ◽  
pp. 5108-5117
Author(s):  
Chen Cenbo ◽  
Hong Yi
Keyword(s):  
Self Regulation ◽  
Chinese Government ◽  
Review System ◽  
Administrative Monopoly ◽  
Fair Competition ◽  
Legal Provisions ◽  
Legal Foundation ◽  
Review Mechanism ◽  
Regulation Model ◽  
Tobacco Monopoly

Objectives: This article attempts to discuss the practice of China’s fair competition review mechanism applying in China’s tobacco monopoly administrative system as an administrative self-regulation act. Methods: by reviewing the literature, relevant website and applying the liberal interpretation in legal provisions of China, this paper reveals the important reasons behind the establishment of fair review system by the Chinese government —the existence of administrative monopoly and the problems caused by the deficiency of China's existing external regulation. Results: by combing the legal foundation of fair competition review mechanism, this paper responds to the rationality of China's adoption of self-regulation model. Furthermore, through the discussion of the applying of fair review in tobacco industry’s administration, it responds to the practice of tobacco monopoly’s self-regulation. Conclusion: the article concludes that China's fair review system can be partially applied to China's tobacco monopoly.

scholarly journals Research on the Theory and Practice of the Fair Competition Review System in China

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (7) ◽  
pp. 260-267
Author(s):  
Yanling Peng ◽  
Pinguang Ying
Keyword(s):  
Theory And Practice ◽  
Chinese Government ◽  
Review System ◽  
Market System ◽  
Republic Of China ◽  
The Public ◽  
Fair Competition ◽  
Public Rights ◽  
China’S Economy

On June 1, 2016, the State Council of the People’s Republic of China released its Opinions on Establishing a Fair Competition Review System in the Development of the Market System. It shows the determination of Chinese center government that firmly protect the Market System. Actually, the Chinese government is always making the effort to decrease the inappropriate intervention to Market System which from the public rights. Up to now, remarkable results have been achieved. And the stable and rapid growth of China's economy is the best proof. The release of the document about Fair Competition Review is conducive to consolidating the previous achievements of the Chinese government. The purpose of this paper is to introduce the content of this system and put forward some suggestions based on the actual situation in China.

Romantic Passion as Output from a Self-Regulating, Intimacy-Seeking System: A Model for Understanding Passionate Love

2005 ◽  
Vol 96 (3) ◽  
pp. 655-675 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adam B. Troy
Keyword(s):  
Intimate Relationships ◽  
Present Model ◽  
Self Regulation ◽  
Personality Theory ◽  
Basic Emotion ◽  
Passionate Love ◽  
System A ◽  
Romantic Passion ◽  
Regulation Model ◽  
And Function

This article presents a model of why individuals experience the feeling of passionate love in intimate relationships. Previous models have been limited because they do not describe the purpose and function of passionate love, do not incorporate basic emotion and personality theory, or are not applicable to help couples in distress. The present model reinterprets and integrates previous findings. New predictions are made about the functioning of passionate love in relationships by hypothesizing a self-regulating, intimacy-seeking system that produces passionate love as its outcome. A self-regulation model proposed by Carver and Scheier in 1998 is the template on which this model is based.

scholarly journals Managing compliance with the World Anti-Doping Code: China’s strategies and their implications

2018 ◽  
Vol 55 (3) ◽  
pp. 251-271 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tien-Chin Tan ◽  
Alan Bairner ◽  
Yu-Wen Chen
Keyword(s):  
Field Research ◽  
High Price ◽  
Chinese Government ◽  
Sporting Events ◽  
Winter Olympics ◽  
Fair Competition ◽  
The World ◽  
World Anti Doping Agency ◽  
The Government ◽  
One Year

With the problems of doping in sport becoming more serious, the World Anti-Doping Code was drafted by the World Anti-Doping Agency in 2003 and became effective one year later. Since its passage, the Code has been renewed four times, with the fourth and latest version promulgated in January 2015. The Code was intended to tackle the problems of doping in sports through cooperation with governments to ensure fair competition as well as the health of athletes. To understand China’s strategies for managing compliance with the Code and also the implications behind those strategies, this study borrows ideas from theories of compliance. China’s high levels of performance in sport, judged by medal success, have undoubtedly placed the country near the top of the global sports field. Therefore, how China acts in relation to international organizations, and especially how it responds to the World Anti-Doping Agency, is highly significant for the future of elite sport and for the world anti-doping regime. Through painstaking efforts, the researchers visited Beijing to conduct field research four times and interviewed a total of 22 key sports personnel, including officials at the General Administration of Sports of China, the China Anti-Doping Agency, and individual sport associations, as well as sport scholars and leading officials of China’s professional sports leagues. In response to the World Anti-Doping Agency, China developed strategies related to seven institutional factors: ‘monitoring’, ‘verification’, ‘horizontal linkages’, ‘nesting’, ‘capacity building’, ‘national concern’ and ‘institutional profile’. As for the implications, the Chinese government is willing and able to comply with the World Anti-Doping Agency Code. In other words, the Chinese government is willing to pay a high price in terms of money, manpower and material resources so that it can recover from the disgrace suffered as a result of doping scandals in the 1990s. The government wants to ensure that China’s prospects as a participant, bidder and host of mega sporting events are not compromised, especially as the host of the 2022 Winter Olympics in Beijing.

Self-Regulation Model

2020 ◽  
pp. 1997-2002
Author(s):  
Pablo A. Mora ◽  
Gozde Ozakinci
Keyword(s):  
Self Regulation ◽  
Regulation Model

scholarly journals Illness Perceptions of COVID-19 in Europe: Predictors, Impacts and Temporal Evolution

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Dias Neto ◽  
Ana Nunes da Silva ◽  
Magda Sofia Roberto ◽  
Jelena Lubenko ◽  
Marios Constantinou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Perceived Stress ◽  
Illness Perceptions ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Self Regulation ◽  
Illness Perception ◽  
Preventive Behaviors ◽  
Illness Perception Questionnaire ◽  
National Differences ◽  
Comprehensive Picture ◽  
Regulation Model

Objective: Illness perceptions (IP) are important predictors of emotional and behavioral responses in many diseases. The current study aims to investigate the COVID-19-related IP throughout Europe. The specific goals are to understand the temporal development, identify predictors (within demographics and contact with COVID-19) and examine the impacts of IP on perceived stress and preventive behaviors.Methods: This was a time-series-cross-section study of 7,032 participants from 16 European countries using multilevel modeling from April to June 2020. IP were measured with the Brief Illness Perception Questionnaire. Temporal patterns were observed considering the date of participation and the date recoded to account the epidemiological evolution of each country. The outcomes considered were perceived stress and COVID-19 preventive behaviors.Results: There were significant trends, over time, for several IP, suggesting a small decrease in negativity in the perception of COVID-19 in the community. Age, gender, and education level related to some, but not all, IP. Considering the self-regulation model, perceptions consistently predicted general stress and were less consistently related to preventive behaviors. Country showed no effect in the predictive model, suggesting that national differences may have little relevance for IP, in this context.Conclusion: The present study provides a comprehensive picture of COVID-19 IP in Europe in an early stage of the pandemic. The results shed light on the process of IP formation with implications for health-related outcomes and their evolution.

scholarly journals Social Credit System in the People's Republic of China: normative legal framework and principles of functionality

2020 ◽  
pp. 18-53
Author(s):  
Roman Z. Rouvinsky ◽  
Tatiana Komarova
Keyword(s):  
Legal Framework ◽  
Legal Regulation ◽  
People’S Republic Of China ◽  
Chinese Government ◽  
People's Republic Of China ◽  
Credit System ◽  
Republic Of China ◽  
Social Credit ◽  
Legal Provisions ◽  
The Social

This article examines the normative legal framework and principles of functionality of the Social Credit System that is currently being implemented in the People's Republic of China. For the first time in legal science, the Social Credit System is viewed not as an organizational and regulatory technique that in one or another way is related to law, but rather as an independent legal institution relevant to the branch of administrative law. The application of formal-legal and comparative-legal methods allows describing the hierarchy of sources of the Chinese law pertaining to social credit mechanisms and procedures, as well as giving characteristics to major provisions of the corresponding normative acts. The peculiarities of legal regulation of the mechanisms and procedures that comprise the Social Credit System in PRC include the following aspects: sublegislative nature of such regulation, prevalence of joint lawmaking, focal role of normative legal acts of the Chinese government, declarative character and ambiguity of multiple legal provisions with regards to the Social Credit System. The author underline the specificity of interpretation of the normative legal acts of the People's Republic of China, usage by the lawmaking branches of moral categories in formulation of provisions for regulation of elaboration and implementation of the social credit mechanisms. The provisions of governmental and departmental normative legal acts pertaining to the Social Credit System are correlated with the provisions of the current Constitution of the People's Republic of China.

scholarly journals The door behind the bamboo curtain - Chinese law and policy on refugee status

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Lili Song
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Chinese Government ◽  
Policy And Practice ◽  
Refugee Status ◽  
Chinese Law ◽  
Legal Provisions ◽  
Law And Policy ◽  
High Commissioner ◽  
The Status ◽  
Definition Of

<p>This thesis systematically considers the law and policy on refugee status in the People’s Republic of China. It considers relevant Chinese legal provisions, applicable bilateral and multinational treaties, as well as China’s refugee policy and practice. It also presents and analyses first-hand information collected through interviews with refugees and aid workers.  China is an emerging destination of refugees and other displaced foreigners. Although China is a party to the 1951 Convention relating to the Status of Refugees and its 1967 Protocol, Chinese law contains no provisions governing the definition of a refugee or the determination of refugee status. Further, there is a gap between the criteria for asylum in the 1982 Chinese Constitution and the criteria for refugee status in the 1951 Convention.  In practice, although the Chinese government has generally allowed the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees to process individual applications for refugee status, the Chinese government has practically performed the function of refugee status determination in large-scale influx situations through policy decisions. In these situations, the security, political, and strategic interests of China have often overshadowed China’s commitment under the 1951 Convention.  China has been cautious about recognising refugees on its territory. However, the Chinese government has clearly demonstrated a growing interest in addressing the issue of refugee recognition within a more formalised framework.  In conclusion, this thesis recommends that China adopt a legal refugee definition in line with the 1951 Convention relating to the Status of Refugees and develop a predictable and fair national RSD mechanism.</p>

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