Testamentos de Palencia. Hombres y mujeres del ámbito rural en la segunda mitad del setecientos = Wills in Palencia. Men and women in the rural world in the second half of the eighteenth century

To Sin No More

10.11126/stanford/9781503603264.001.0001 ◽

2018 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

David Rex Galindo

Keyword(s):

Eighteenth Century ◽

Native Americans ◽

Urban Areas ◽

New Spain ◽

New World ◽

Spanish America ◽

Rural And Urban Areas ◽

Rural And Urban ◽

Spanish Atlantic ◽

Franciscan Order

For 300 years, Franciscans were at the forefront of the spread of Catholicism in the New World. In the late seventeenth century, Franciscans developed a far-reaching, systematic missionary program in Spain and the Americas. After founding the first college of propaganda fide in the Mexican city of Querétaro, the Franciscan Order established six additional colleges in New Spain, ten in South America, and twelve in Spain. From these colleges Franciscans proselytized Native Americans in frontier territories as well as Catholics in rural and urban areas in eighteenth-century Spain and Spanish America. This is the first book to study these colleges, their missionaries, and their multifaceted, sweeping missionary programs. By focusing on the recruitment of non-Catholics to Catholicism as well as the deepening of religious fervor among Catholics, the book shows how the Franciscan colleges expanded and shaped popular Catholicism in the eighteenth-century Spanish Atlantic world. This book explores the motivations driving Franciscan friars, their lives inside the colleges, their training, and their ministry among Catholics, an often-overlooked duty that paralleled missionary deployments. It argues that Franciscan missionaries aimed to reform or “reawaken” Catholic parishioners just as much as they sought to convert non-Christian Native Americans.

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Mechanisms for Unity

10.1093/oso/9780198819660.003.0005 ◽

2018 ◽

Author(s):

Samuel K. Cohn, Jr.

Keyword(s):

Eighteenth Century ◽

Sixteenth Century ◽

Black Death ◽

Men And Women ◽

The Poor ◽

Works Of Art ◽

The Face ◽

The Church

This chapter investigates changes in mentalities after the Black Death, comparing practices never before analysed in this context—funerary and labour laws and processions to calm God’s anger. While processions were rare or conflictual as in Catania and Messina in 1348, these rituals during later plagues bound communities together in the face of disaster. The chapter then turns to another trend yet to be noticed by historians. Among the multitude of saints and blessed ones canonized from 1348 to the eighteenth century, the Church was deeply reluctant to honour, even name, any of the thousands who sacrificed their lives to succour plague victims, physically or spiritually, especially in 1348: the Church recognized no Black Death martyrs. By the sixteenth century, however, city-wide processions and other communal rituals bound communities together with charity for the poor, works of art, and charitable displays of thanksgiving to long-dead holy men and women.

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Women in Sectarian Sabbatianism

Women and the Messianic Heresy of Sabbatai Zevi, 1666 - 1816 ◽

10.3828/liverpool/9781906764807.003.0005 ◽

2015 ◽

pp. 87-106

Author(s):

Ada Rapoport-Albert

Keyword(s):

Eighteenth Century ◽

Early Period ◽

Jewish Law ◽

Self Perception ◽

Men And Women ◽

Female Sex

This chapter looks at the evidence on the eruption of messianic prophecy during an early period, which suggests that women responded en masse to Sabbatai Zevi's tidings. It discusses women's particular receptivity to the Sabbatai Zevi's messianic call in light of the promises he made specifically to the female sex. It also mentions the adherence to the messianic faith that did not demand that the restraints of Jewish law be cast off or subverted, but instead called for repentance in entirely traditional terms. The chapter examines the first antinomian acts being ordered by Sabbatai Zevi that were not able to split the believers or generate any tension between their self-perception as pious Jews and the integrity of their Sabbatian faith. It discusses sectarian organizations in which Sabbatianism persisted throughout the eighteenth century in which the traditional barriers between men and women crumbled, both in theory and in practice.

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‘Not Keeping One’s Place in the Church’

Church Life ◽

10.1093/oso/9780198753193.003.0011 ◽

2019 ◽

pp. 193-211

Author(s):

Anne Dunan-Page

Keyword(s):

Eighteenth Century ◽

Men And Women ◽

Baptist Churches ◽

Lay Participation ◽

Particular Baptist ◽

Church Life ◽

Early Eighteenth Century ◽

To Come ◽

The Church ◽

First Admission

This chapter examines the issue of absenteeism in seventeenth- and early eighteenth-century gathered churches through their manuscript church records. Absenteeism was the offence most frequently cited in disciplinary meetings, yet some members who were censured for absence were active supporters of their churches in other ways. This chapter focuses on those members who were never under a sentence of excommunication but who had ceased to be involved in church life and to take communion. It examines the question of Dissenting identity through lay participation, the reasons why men and women ceased to come to church, and what prompted them to seek reconciliation, sometimes decades after their first admission. Evidence is taken from manuscript church records belonging to Congregational, Particular Baptist, and General Baptist churches, spanning the period c.1640 to c.1714.

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Power, Class, and Family: Men and Women in the Mexican Elite, 1750-1810

The Americas A Quarterly Review of Latin American History ◽

10.2307/981230 ◽

1983 ◽

Vol 39 (3) ◽

pp. 359-381 ◽

Cited By ~ 34

Author(s):

John Tutino

Keyword(s):

Eighteenth Century ◽

Social Relations ◽

Sexual Differentiation ◽

Economic Power ◽

Primary Concern ◽

Class Membership ◽

Men And Women ◽

The Social ◽

The Relationship ◽

Landed Elite

This essay explores the social relations within a landed elite—the dominant class in eighteenth-century Mexico. It aims to outline the nature of the powers that sustained that elite, to determine who directly exercised those powers, and to detail the relations between those pivotal powerholders and the remaining majority of elite class members. My primary concern, then, is the relationship between elite power and class membership.That, in turn, brings atttention to the roles of elite men and women, and the relations between them. Powerholders were usually men while class membership was shared equally between men and women. Was the internal structure of the elite thus based on sexual stratification? Were men able to be powerful and thus wealthy, while women could be wealthy only through subordination to a powerful man? To a great extent, that was true. But the majority of men within the Mexican elite were also wealthy while subordinate to a powerful man. And in a few notable cases, elite women exercised great power while men and women lived as their dependents. Sex was not the only principle of stratification among late colonial Mexican elites. Rather, sexual differentiation interacted with inequalities primarily based on economic power. This essay attempts to study the relations between economic power and sexual differentiation to approach an understanding of life within the late colonial landed elite in Mexico.

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Learning Conservatism

10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198799429.003.0007 ◽

2017 ◽

Author(s):

Emily Jones

Keyword(s):

Eighteenth Century ◽

French Revolution ◽

Political Thought ◽

Leisure Time ◽

English Literature ◽

General Level ◽

Men And Women ◽

Late Eighteenth Century ◽

Late Eighteenth ◽

New Students

The construction of Burke as the ‘founder of conservatism’ was also a product of developments in education. The increasing study of Burke arose out of several converging movements: in publishing and technology; in philosophical thought; in the increasing disposable income and leisure time of greater portions of the population; and in education movements for men and women at all levels. The popularity of topics such as the French Revolution, Romanticism, and late eighteenth-century history meant that Burke became a feature of lectures and examinations. At university, Burke was of particular interest to philosophical Idealists, English literature professors and students, and a generation of historians who taught increasingly modern courses. By analysing how Burke was studied at this much more popular, general level it is possible to pinpoint how Burke’s ‘conservative’ political thought was taught to swathes of new students—it took more than gentlemanly erudition to establish a scholarly orthodoxy.

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A Republican Housewife: Marie‐Jeanne Phlipon Roland on Women's Political Role

Hypatia ◽

10.1111/hypa.12215 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 31 (1) ◽

pp. 107-122 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Sandrine Bergès

Keyword(s):

Eighteenth Century ◽

Family Business ◽

Woman Writer ◽

The Other ◽

Equal Part ◽

Men And Women ◽

Political Role ◽

Women's Role ◽

The One ◽

Philosophical Writings

In this paper I look at the philosophical (and sometimes personal) struggles of one eighteenth‐century woman writer to reconcile a desire and obvious capacity to participate in the creation of republican ideals and their applications on the one hand, and on the other a deeply held belief that women's role in a republic is confined to the domestic realm. I argue that Marie‐Jeanne Phlipon Roland's philosophical writings—three unpublished essays, published and unpublished letters, as well as parts of her memoirs—suggest that even though she adopted a Rousseau‐style rural republicanism that relies on complementarity of men and women's virtues, she somehow succeeds in proposing a less sexist picture of the republican family, one that makes it possible for men and women to take an equal part in family business and politics.

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Alexander Pope in the Making

10.1093/oso/9780198842316.001.0001 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Joseph Hone

Keyword(s):

Eighteenth Century ◽

Cultural Values ◽

Early Career ◽

Alexander Pope ◽

Men And Women ◽

Eighteenth Century Literature ◽

The Past ◽

Critical Attention ◽

Literature History ◽

Century Literature

How did Alexander Pope become the greatest poet of the eighteenth century? Drawing on previously neglected texts and overlooked archival materials, Alexander Pope in the Making provides a radical new account of the poet’s early career, from the earliest traces of manuscript circulation to the publication of his collected Works. Joseph Hone illuminates classic poems such as An Essay on Criticism, The Rape of the Lock, and Windsor-Forest by setting them alongside lesser-known texts by Pope and his contemporaries, many of which have never received sustained critical attention before. Pope’s earliest experiments in satire, panegyric, lyric, pastoral, and epic are all explored alongside his translations, publication strategies, and neglected editorial projects. By recovering cultural values shared by Pope and the politically heterodox men and women whose works he read and with whom he collaborated, Hone unearths powerful new interpretive possibilities for some of the eighteenth century’s most celebrated poems. Alexander Pope in the Making mounts a comprehensive challenge to the ‘Scriblerian’ paradigm that has dominated scholarship for the past eighty years. It sheds fresh light on Pope’s early career and reshapes our understanding of the ideological landscape of his era. This book will be essential reading for scholars and students of eighteenth-century literature, history, and politics.

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Elizabeth Montagu's Study of Cicero's Life: The Formation of an Eighteenth-Century Woman's Rhetorical Identity

Rhetorica A Journal of the History of Rhetoric ◽

10.1525/rh.2008.26.2.165 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 26 (2) ◽

pp. 165-187

Author(s):

Tania Smith

Keyword(s):

Eighteenth Century ◽

Identity Formation ◽

Careful Analysis ◽

Men And Women ◽

Rhetorical Practice ◽

Eighteenth Century Britain ◽

Insight Into

Abstract Popular eighteenth-century British biographies of Cicero had a significant impact on the rhetorical identity formation of Elizabeth Montagu (1720–1800). As the acknowledged founder of the “Bluestocking” salon, Elizabeth Montagu played a key role in forming the conversational and epistolary eloquence of her broad and influential network of men and women. A careful analysis of the young Elizabeth's epistolary discussion of biographies of Cicero and Atticus, especially Conyers Middleton's Life of Cicero, provides insight into Montagu's mature rhetorical practice as well as neo-Ciceronian influences on men's and women's rhetorical identity formation in eighteenth-century Britain.

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